Electric Bike Laws by State (2026): All 50, One Table

By Milad Ghobadibeygvand, BScN (Western University, 2014), Redtail eBikes. Every statute on this page was opened and read at the legislature that published it. · Last verified September 10, 2026.

Quick Answer: A compliant e-bike is a bicycle in 46 states: no license, registration or insurance. Federal law caps the motor at 750 watts with working pedals; 42 states sort e-bikes into three classes, four use one 20-mph definition, New Jersey licenses every e-bike, and Alaska and Kentucky have no statute. Every row below links its statute.

The riders pictured on this page are the Mercers, our fictional cast; meet the family and see how they are made.

U.S. electric bike law runs on two levels. Federal law defines the product: a "low-speed electric bicycle" has fully operable pedals, a motor of less than 750 watts, and a motor-only top speed under 20 mph with a 170-lb rider (15 U.S.C. § 2085(b), read September 2026), one sentence written in 2002 after a century of false starts.

State law governs the riding. As of September 8, 2026, 42 states define Class 1, 2 and 3 (Class 1 pedal-assist to 20 mph, Class 2 throttle to 20 mph, Class 3 pedal-assist to 28 mph), and North Carolina makes it 43 on December 1, 2026. What a throttle costs you in range, and where it costs you the right to ride, is measured bike by bike in our pedal assist vs throttle comparison.

Hawaii became the 42nd on July 15, 2026 (Act 259, and see the Hawaii e-bike law guide); Minnesota adds a fourth category, New York caps Class 3 at 25 mph, and Rhode Island layers the classes over a horsepower cap.

4 states use a single 20-mph definition, Massachusetts uses two classes, 2 have no e-bike statute at all, and New Jersey licenses and registers every e-bike (P.L.2025, c.285). We read the e-bike statute of every state and the District of Columbia and put all 51 in one table below, with the rules nobody else collects: which states let a 750-watt motor in, fines, DUI, insurance, what voids your legal status, and what changed in 2026.

Shopping first? Every bike in our commuter, folding and fat-tire collections shows its class, rated wattage and assisted top speed on the listing, ships free in the lower 48, and comes with US-based support.

In this guide

• How we verified this guide
• What makes an e-bike legal in the United States
• The watt word: where a 750-watt motor is an e-bike
• Do you need a license, registration, or insurance to ride an electric bike?
• Electric bike laws by state: all 50 states in one table
• The three ways states split from the model
• Helmet laws: who must wear one, state by state
• How old do you have to be to ride an e-bike?
• Fines, misdemeanors, and what enforcement actually looks like
• Can you get a DUI on an electric bike?
• What changed in 2024, 2025, and 2026
• Throttle rules: where Class 2 is treated differently
• Where you can ride: roads, bike lanes, paths, sidewalks, and trails
• National parks, BLM, and Forest Service land
• City and county rules: where the real answers live
• Sur-Rons, mopeds, and scooters are not e-bikes
• Insurance: what no state requires, and the gap three states warn you about
• What invalidates your e-bike's legal status
• The "street-legal" listing trap
• Is your e-bike street legal? The 30-second check
• Thirteen rider situations, matched to the right class
• Pre-purchase compliance checklist
• If an officer stops you: what they check
• Frequently asked questions
• Source register
• Limitations
• The bottom line
• Primary sources

How we verified this guide

This page is built from statutes rather than from other guides: every e-bike statute in the country, opened and read at the legislature that published it, so every row you read below links the section we read.

Between August 13 and August 19, 2026 we opened the e-bike definition section and the e-bike operating section of every state's vehicle code at the state's own legislature or official code publisher, saved the raw text, and quoted the operative words.

On September 8, 2026 we re-read the wattage clause of all 51 definitions at those deposits to build the watt-word table, re-swept the 2026 session output of every state without a dedicated guide, and reconciled every row against the 33 state guides published since.

On August 29, 2026 we re-read the 2026 session output, corrected the Hawaii row from the enacted Act 259, and added Illinois's newly signed P.A. 104-0854 to the change log. The September 8 sweep added Idaho's HB 500, Louisiana's Act 951, Connecticut's P.A. 26-24 and Oregon's HB 4007, and corrected three statements this page had wrong, each named in limitations.

Where a legislature's website blocks automated reading — recorded in limitations — (Alabama, Arkansas, Georgia, Indiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, West Virginia), we went to the enrolled act on that legislature's own servers or to the state's official API rather than to a summary.

• Federal layer: 15 U.S.C. § 2085 (GPO, 2024 edition, two independent retrievals), 36 CFR § 1.4 and § 4.30 (National Park Service), 43 CFR § 8340.0-5 (BLM), 36 CFR § 212.1 (Forest Service), and the CPSC's battery proposal at 91 FR 38162.
• State layer: 51 jurisdictions, each row of the master table linked to the section we read. Thirty-three states have a full Redtail guide, each linked from its row in the table, and every one carries its own municipal sweep with a published denominator; the local-layer table below reports all 33, from California's 483 cities to Hawaii's four counties.
• Scope: this hub does not read every state's general bicycle helmet law or DUI statute. Where a row says "no e-bike-specific rule in the section read," that is what it means — the e-bike section is silent, and a general bicycle or traffic rule may still apply. Those gaps are named rather than hidden.
• Reviewer: Milad Ghobadibeygvand, BScN (Western University, 2014), Redtail eBikes. Corrections: hello@redtailebikes.com. The research file behind this page (one JSON row per state, with the retrieval route and timestamp) is kept in our repository and updated when a statute changes.

On sourcing, stated plainly. This page cites 153 distinct primary sources across 79 publishers, retrieved 27 August to 10 September 2026 and listed in full in the source register and references. Almost all of them are a legislature or an agency publishing its own text, so most rows in our citation ledger carry the value SOLE-PUBLISHER rather than a second link: for the authoritative words of a statute there is no independent second publisher.

Where a second retrieval was made, it lives on that state's own guide, and those guides are linked from every row of the table below.

Dates, row by row. Each row carries the date its section was read: the date on the state's own guide where one exists, or the retrieval date recorded in the ledger for the 18 jurisdictions without one. Those 18 rows are re-swept for enacted changes at every republish, most recently on September 8, 2026 (with the four largest early-guide states re-checked on September 10, 2026), and limitations names the drift risk that remains between sweeps.

What makes an e-bike legal in the United States

Nothing brought more riders to this page this year than one event: on July 19, 2026, New Jersey's grace period ended and the state began enforcing a law that licenses and registers every e-bike (P.L.2025, c.285). Riders in the other 49 states read the headline and asked whether it applied to them.

The stakes are the purchase itself: a bike that is a bicycle in one state is a moped one state over, as a 750 W hub-drive is in Maine (29-A M.R.S. § 101(36)(B)), and the difference is written into the definition you are about to read.

It does not, and the reason is the two-level structure every U.S. e-bike rule hangs on, starting with 15 U.S.C. § 2085. Once you have the structure, the rest of this page reads like a map.

Level one is federal, and it defines the product. Congress wrote one sentence into the Consumer Product Safety Act in 2002, and it has not changed since:

"… the term 'low-speed electric bicycle' means a two- or three-wheeled vehicle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts (1 h.p.), whose maximum speed on a paved level surface, when powered solely by such a motor while ridden by an operator who weighs 170 pounds, is less than 20 mph." — 15 U.S.C. § 2085(b), read August 2026

That sentence makes the e-bike you buy a consumer product regulated by the CPSC under 16 CFR part 1512, the same equipment rules as a pedal bicycle.

Subsection (d) adds that the federal rule "shall supersede any State law or requirement with respect to low-speed electric bicycles to the extent that such State law or requirement is more stringent than the Federal law or requirements referred to in subsection (a)" (15 U.S.C. § 2085(d), read August 2026).

Read it closely: the preemption covers the CPSC product requirements referred to in (a). It says nothing about whether you may ride, where you may ride, or how fast; that is level two.

Level two is the state, and it governs the riding. Every state decides — see the state-by-state table — whether an e-bike is a "bicycle" or something else, whether it has classes, who needs a helmet, how old a rider must be, and where each class may go.

Forty-two states answered those questions with some version of the same three-class model — forty-three once North Carolina's new law (S.L. 2026-46) starts on December 1, 2026 — which is why this page can put all fifty in one table. The others answered differently, and those are the states where you get surprised.

The three classes, in the words states actually use

Class 3 is the road class: pedal-assist to 28 mph, a speedometer in most states (Georgia writes it into the definition), and a helmet duty that reaches adults in nine of them.

Three details inside the definitions decide more disputes than the classes themselves, and each one can decide the bike you are looking at. The sharpest is whether a state writes its wattage ceiling inclusively, as Georgia and Wisconsin do, or exclusively, as Tennessee does:

• The watt word. Federal law says "less than 750 watts." Of the 44 jurisdictions that set a wattage ceiling, 24 write it inclusively, as "not more than", "or less", "not greater than" or "does not exceed", so a motor rated at 750 watts on the nose is inside the definition there, and 20 copy the federal "less than", which puts the same motor one watt outside. Seven set no 750-watt test at all.
• Where each state stands. The full list, quoted from each statute, is the watt-word table below; Iowa moved from the second group to the first on July 1, 2026, and Connecticut moves on October 1, 2026.
• Rated versus peak. Every statute we read speaks of motor power output or rating — none mentions "peak." A motor sold as "750W nominal / 1,200W peak" is described by its nominal figure on the statutory label the states require. Whether an officer accepts that when you are stopped is a question for the officer; the statutes address the label.
• Pedals that work. Every definition requires "fully operable pedals." Utah goes furthest: the cranks must have been "permanently affixed … at the time of the original manufacture," the bike must be "fully operable as a bicycle without the use of the electric motor," and anything sold with foot pegs, or that needs a pedal kit before you can pedal it, is out (Utah Code § 41-6a-102(21)).

The watt word: where a 750-watt motor is an e-bike

A motor rated at 750 watts on the nose is inside the e-bike definition in 24 jurisdictions and outside it in 20, because the statutes disagree on one word. Which side of that word you ride on is set by your state, not by the bike.

The federal definition says "less than 750 watts"; most states that set a ceiling wrote "not more than" instead. Seven jurisdictions set no 750-watt test at all, and two of those set no e-bike definition.

The line matters because 750 W is the commonest nominal rating on our own shelf: on September 9, 2026, 65 of the 189 e-bike listings in our catalog carried that figure, with the motor wattage published on 179 of them (first-party count from our catalog table; the Kansas guide read the same shelf a day earlier).

The federal sentence manufacturers build to uses the same number, so the word decides whether the commonest bike on the shelf is a bicycle where you ride.

Every quotation in the table is the definition section's own text, read at the legislature that publishes it, and every row links that section; the federal wording is 15 U.S.C. § 2085(b).

The number an officer reads when you are stopped is the one on the frame label the class statutes require, and the statutes name motor wattage without naming a peak figure (A.R.S. § 28-819(C); CVC § 312.5(c)). Utah aims its penalty at the seller who labels a machine outside the definition as an e-bike (§ 41-6a-1115.5(8)).

Twenty-four jurisdictions write the ceiling inclusively and 20 copy the federal "less than"; seven set no 750-watt test. Every square is the word in that statute's own definition, quoted in the table below.

Maine writes the consequence for you: a 750 W hub-drive motor is a moped there, and you need a license and registration to ride it (29-A M.R.S. § 101(36)(B)); whether a mid-drive, which needs the rider to shift, meets the moped definition's third limb has no published Maine answer, and the Maine guide sets out both readings.

The direction of travel is toward the inclusive word. Kansas lowered its ceiling from 1,000 watts to "less than 750" in 2022 (H Sub for SB 101); Oregon deleted its wattage figure outright in 2024 (ORS 801.258).

Iowa replaced "less than" with "not more than" on July 1, 2026 (2026 Iowa Acts ch. 1053), while the Legislature's own § 321.1 PDF still prints the old words; Connecticut makes the same switch on October 1, 2026 (P.A. 26-24 § 26).

No legislature moved the other way in 2026, and Montana's 2025 bill to adopt the three classes (SB 387) was not enacted; its legislature next meets in 2027.

Two edges are genuinely unsettled, and you should know both before you buy a dual-motor or a peak-rated bike. Virginia caps input rather than output, and its definition says "an electric motor", singular (§ 46.2-100), so a dual-motor bike with 500 W at each wheel has no single motor over the line and 1,000 W combined, and no Virginia authority has said which figure counts (Virginia guide).

And no statute we read defines "rated": a motor sold as 750 W nominal and 1,200 W peak is inside an inclusive definition on the nameplate the label statutes require (A.R.S. § 28-819(C)) and unaddressed by any of them on its peak.

Read at the deposits on September 8, 2026: 24 inclusive, 20 exclusive, 7 with no 750-watt test. Twenty-six definitions, 25 states and the District of Columbia, say "two or three wheels" or "bicycle or tricycle"; Nebraska's allows up to four; Virginia's says not more than three; Alabama's, Montana's, New Jersey's and Rhode Island's describe a two-wheeled machine; seventeen state no wheel count in the section read.

Do you need a license, registration, or insurance to ride an electric bike?

In 46 states the answer is no on all three counts for a compliant e-bike, and the statutes say so in almost identical language — for example Oklahoma's: an e-bike "is not subject to the Oklahoma statutory provisions relating to financial responsibility, vehicle insurance, driver licenses, vehicle registration or certificates of title" (47 O.S. § 11-1209(B)).

Taking the license on its own, there is no license in 47 states and the District; New Jersey is the exception (P.L.2025, c.285), and two have no statute at all: Alaska and Kentucky, below. The exceptions are specific and worth knowing by name.

Two states sit outside this table because they have no e-bike statute to exempt you from anything. Alaska's vehicle-code definitions (AS 28.90.990, all 32 definitions read August 19, 2026) do not mention electric bicycles; the closest term is "motor-driven cycle," defined by engine displacement.

Kentucky's KRS 189.010 and its chapter 189 section list contain no electric bicycle definition, and its bicycle regulation, 601 KAR 14:020, defines a bicycle as "propelled primarily by human power."

In both states, how an e-bike is treated depends on the DMV's regulatory classification and on city ordinances — unlike New Hampshire, which spells the exemptions out — which is why the honest answer for Anchorage or Louisville is "check the city," rather than "no license needed."

Electric bike laws by state: all 50 states in one table

We built this table because we could not find it anywhere else: every row links to the provision it rests on. From Oregon's class-only definition to Virginia's "input" wording.

One row per state plus the District of Columbia, each built from the e-bike definition and operating sections we read at the legislature between August 13 and 19, 2026, with the section linked. The thirty-three linked state names each open a full Redtail guide to that state, and every guide carries its own city-by-city sweep.

How to read it: Framework is how the state sorts e-bikes; Helmet and Minimum age are the e-bike-specific rules in the section read (a general bicycle rule may still apply — the row says so); Paths is the state's default for shared-use paths, trails and sidewalks before local rules; The catch is the one thing in that state's text that surprises people.

Counts from the table, as of September 8, 2026: 42 states define Class 1/2/3 today (Minnesota adds a fourth "multiple mode" category; New York caps Class 3 at 25 mph; Rhode Island layers the classes over a 2-hp motor cap; Hawaii joined on July 15, 2026), and North Carolina becomes the 43rd on December 1, 2026.

Montana, North Carolina (until then), Pennsylvania and South Carolina use a single 20-mph definition; Massachusetts has two classes; Alaska and Kentucky have no e-bike statute; New Jersey uses three licensing categories. D.C. is listed but is not a state.

The three ways states split from the model

Forty-two states look alike at the class level, which is why the differences hide so well until you ride into one. Reading all fifty texts side by side, the splits fall into three groups.

Group one: states that never adopted classes. Pennsylvania's "pedalcycle with electric assist" weighs no more than 100 pounds, has a motor system of at most 750 W and cannot exceed 20 mph on motor power alone (75 Pa.C.S. § 102) — so a 28-mph pedal-assist bike is not an e-bike in Pennsylvania at all, whatever the listing told you.

South Carolina's "electric-assist bicycle" has the same 20-mph, 750-W ceiling and adds that the motor must cut when the rider stops pedaling; anything from 750 to 1,500 W of input is a "moped" under S.C. Code § 56-1-10(26). For how these definitions play out against one bike's actual specification, see our moped-style e-bike review.

Montana defines an "electrically assisted bicycle" by a 20-mph cap with a 170-lb rider and sets no wattage limit at all (MCA 61-8-102(7)). Hawaii left this group on July 15, 2026, when Act 259 wrote Class 1, 2 and 3 into chapter 291C — until then it had simply borrowed the federal definition by reference (HRS § 291C-1).

North Carolina is in this group until December 1, 2026 — its current definition is a single 20-mph, 750-W device (G.S. 20-4.01(7a)), and Session Law 2026-46 rewrites it into three classes on that date.

Fifty states, five patterns, with North Carolina moving between two of them on December 1, 2026: three-class, single 20-mph definition, two-class, licensing, and no statute; the District keeps its own vocabulary. Built from the master table above.

Group two: states with classes, but not those classes. Massachusetts recognizes Class 1 and Class 2 only; there is no Class 3 in M.G.L. c.90 § 1.

Where your 28-mph bike lands instead is genuinely unsettled — the "motorized bicycle" definition at c.90 § 1B requires a cylinder capacity an electric motor does not have, and a bill now in Senate Ways and Means would amend it to add "the hybrid or electric powered equivalent." Our Massachusetts guide sets out both readings and the evidence for each.

New York's Class 3 stops at 25 mph, not 28, and is legal only in a city of one million or more — New York City — under VTL § 102-c. Rhode Island layered three classes (effective July 1, 2024) on top of an older definition that caps the motor at 2 SAE horsepower rather than 750 watts (R.I. Gen. Laws § 31-1-3(g)).

Minnesota has four categories — the three classes plus "multiple mode" — and puts third-party battery testing inside the definition itself (§ 169.011; see the Minnesota guide).

Group three: states that rewrote the rider's side. New Jersey replaced the class model with three licensing categories and registers everything (P.L.2025, c.285).

Utah kept the classes but bolted on a "programmable" category for bikes that switch between modes and an exclusion list that catches anything "modifiable" to exceed 20 mph on motor power (Utah Code § 41-6a-102(21)(b)). Oregon's 2024 rewrite wrote the three classes into the statute and dropped the wattage cap from the definition entirely (ORS 801.258, as amended 2024 c.12).

Helmet laws: who must wear one, state by state

Helmet rules are where the three-class model stops being uniform, and where your age and your class both matter. We read the e-bike section of every state — Utah's § 41-6a-1505 now reaches every rider under 21, the highest age in the table.

The full split follows, with the states grouped by how far the duty reaches. (A state's general under-16 or under-18 bicycle helmet law may apply on top — the table's rows flag that where we read it.)

The pattern worth knowing: adult helmet duties attach to Class 3 — except in Utah, which attaches a duty to every rider under 21 on any class. They attach in nine states — Alabama, California, Delaware, Georgia, Louisiana, New York, Ohio, Tennessee and Virginia — while Connecticut extends the duty to every e-bike rider of every age. If you are buying a 28-mph bike in any of those ten, the helmet is part of the purchase.

Nine states write the Class 3 helmet duty for adults; Connecticut writes it for every e-bike rider, while Wisconsin has no bicycle helmet law at all. The standard named in almost every statute is CPSC or ASTM.

How old do you have to be to ride an e-bike?

The model answer is "16 for Class 3, no floor for Class 1 and 2," and it is the rule in most three-class states, so if you are buying for a rider under 16 the class decides. The table below groups every deviation, and Utah stacks three separate thresholds at 8, 14 and 16.

Tennessee is the one to watch this summer: Public Chapter 651 raised its Class 3 floor from 14 to 16 on July 1, 2026. A 15-year-old who rode a Class 3 legally in Nashville in June is not riding it legally in August; if that is your household, the Class 1 or Class 2 is the bike.

Fines, misdemeanors, and what enforcement actually looks like

Most e-bike statutes say nothing about penalties, which means a violation falls under the state's general bicycle or traffic penalty. A handful wrote one into the e-bike section itself — Tennessee's Class C misdemeanor and Utah's $25 helmet cap among them. Those are the ones worth knowing, because they are the ones an officer can cite from the same page.

Three things stand out when you read the penalty clauses together. First, the states that wrote real teeth (Ohio's escalating misdemeanors, Tennessee's Class C) attached them to path access and the Class 3 rules rather than to wattage — a rider on a 1,000-W bike is usually charged under moped or motorcycle law instead, which is where the serious consequences live.

Second, several states deliberately softened the helmet rule: Louisiana waives the fine when you buy a helmet, Connecticut makes a child's non-compliance "not a violation," and nearly every helmet clause adds that non-compliance "shall not constitute negligence" in a civil case. Third, Utah aimed its label penalty at sellers rather than riders — though since 6 May 2026 it also lets an officer hold a minor's bike.

The penalties that bite attach to path access. Wisconsin delegates the whole question to whoever owns the path; on the Elroy-Sparta State Trail, pictured, the DNR's rule names Class 1 and Class 3 (NR 45.055) and riders 16 and older need a state trail pass (Wisconsin guide). The sign at the trailhead is the rule that matters most on a Saturday.

If you're shopping specifically for gravel roads and rail-trails rather than pavement, our electric bikes for gravel roads guide covers the same Class 1 vs. Class 2 access pattern in more depth, matched to nine picks built for that surface.

Can you get a DUI on an electric bike?

The honest answer is that it depends on one word in your state's impaired-driving statute: vehicle or motor vehicle. Most e-bike laws we read make an e-bike a "vehicle to the same extent as a bicycle" and exclude it from "motor vehicle"; three states write a narrow exception, below.

So in a state whose DUI statute says "vehicle," an e-bike rider is inside it. Oregon makes an e-bike a bicycle for its whole vehicle code. In a state whose statute says "motor vehicle," the e-bike's own definition pulls it out.

Two states removed the doubt by writing it into their own e-bike rules. California makes riding an e-bike under the influence its own offense, with a fine of up to $250 (CVC § 21200.5, read for our California guide).

West Virginia: "A person under the influence of alcohol or controlled substances shall not operate a Class 1, Class 2 or Class 3 electric bicycle" (W. Va. Code § 17C-11-8(j)).

In Idaho, Maine and Oklahoma, treat the impaired-driving consequences as if you were driving: Idaho (§ 49-726), Maine (§ 2063(14)(I)) and Oklahoma (§ 11-1209(G)) each say an e-bike "shall be considered a motor vehicle to the extent required by 23 U.S.C. § 154," the federal open-container statute. Utah reaches a narrower slice, keeping a Class 2 inside its open-container rule only.

The legislatures knew which federal law they were reaching for, and Virginia shows the same drafting care in reverse: it exempts e-bikes from the off-highway-motorcycle rules by name.

In the 40-plus states where your e-bike is a "vehicle," do not assume the DUI law stops at the car door. Our Texas and New York guides cover those two states' positions in detail.

What changed in 2024, 2025, and 2026

Twenty-nine dated entries in the log below, 2023 through 2027, one of them a veto — with Connecticut's wattage word on October 1 and North Carolina's three classes on December 1 the next two due. Utah's helmet rule is the one in the picture: since May 6, 2026 every rider under 21 needs one on a highway (§ 41-6a-1505); Frank, at 63, rides Antelope Island's park road outside it, where the park permits road biking.

E-bike law is moving faster than any other corner of the vehicle code. Every entry below was read at the enacted text, and each carries its effective date.

Read the table top to bottom and a direction is visible. Oregon shows the other end of it: a state that deleted its wattage cap outright.

States are adding classes (HI, NC, RI, NM, NE, WV), raising ages (TN, IL), tightening definitions (WA, UT), preempting the local patchwork (IL), regulating batteries at the point of sale (CA, NYC, OR, the CPSC proposal), widening the wattage word to let a 750 W motor in (IA, CT), and writing e-bikes into the rules of the road by name (ID, LA). Utah's e-bike safety certificate (§ 41-6a-1512) does not take effect until May 5, 2027.

Two more California measures are in motion. AB 1569, a pupil e-bike safety and training program, was signed on August 27, 2026, and SB 1167 ("Vehicles: electric bicycles") was enrolled and presented to the Governor on September 4, 2026 and was still awaiting his action on September 10, 2026.

Most changes in the table tightened a rule for riders. Iowa and Connecticut loosened one, letting a 750 W motor into the definition, and the other exception is Hawaii: Act 259 opened sidewalks to all classes at 10 mph or less and dropped the flat 15+ age floor, while banning over-limit machines outright.

Throttle rules: where Class 2 is treated differently

A throttle is what separates Class 2 from Class 1 — and Wisconsin's DNR trail rule names Class 1 and Class 3 while omitting Class 2 entirely. In most states the two classes share the same rights. Six states, one state park agency and the federal land agencies treat the throttle as a dividing line instead.

The upshot for buyers: a Class 2 rides the road alongside a Class 1 in every three-class state (South Carolina's pedal-cut definition is the one to check), and it is the better choice for riders who need a throttle for a knee or a hill start — see the cruiser and comfort collection. It is on paths and federal trails that the throttle costs you access, and in New Jersey it costs you an insurance policy.

Where you can ride: roads, bike lanes, paths, sidewalks, and trails

Every e-bike statute starts from the same sentence — an e-bike "may be ridden in places where bicycles are allowed" (e.g. Va. Code § 46.2-904.1) — and then carves exceptions. The exceptions follow a pattern so consistent across the 42 three-class states that we can describe it as the national default, then list who departs from it, so you can check your state in one pass.

Long-distance trails are where the exceptions bite hardest, because a single ride can cross many managers, and each one can close a path to you. We follow that problem end to end on the Great American Rail-Trail, where 191 separate trail managers govern the built route across thirteen jurisdictions.

The national default, from the statutes:

1. Roads, shoulders, and bike lanes: open to every class, so the road is yours in every state. Maryland adds a road-speed cap — no bicycle, e-bike included, on a roadway posted over 50 mph or on an expressway (Transp. § 21-1205.1); New York caps it at 30 mph (VTL § 1242).
2. Bike paths and shared-use paths: Class 1 and 2 open by default; the local authority or state agency may prohibit them (in Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Vermont and Virginia only "following notice and a public hearing" on a safety finding). Class 3 closed by default unless the path is "within or adjacent to a highway" or the manager opens it, so check before you take a Class 3 onto a path.
   • Oklahoma and California are the exceptions that open paths to all three classes unless the manager closes them (California's § 21207.5 ban has reached only motorized bicycles since January 1, 2023; Oklahoma's rule is 47 O.S. § 11-1209(E)).
3. Natural-surface non-motorized trails: every three-class statute carves these out — "a trail that is specifically designated as nonmotorized and that has a natural surface tread that is made by clearing and grading the native soil with no added surfacing materials" — and hands them to the trail manager, so the sign at the trailhead is your rule there.
   • Ohio closes them to all classes unless opened (R.C. 4511.522(C)(3)); South Dakota, unusually, opens them to Class III unless the manager restricts (SDCL 32-20B-12).
4. Sidewalks: a statewide e-bike sidewalk ban in Delaware (while using the motor, § 4198P(g)(3)), Illinois (5/11-1517(g)), Massachusetts (c.85 § 11B¾(b)), Oregon (a traffic violation, ORS 814.410(1)(e)), and Tennessee (unless locally authorized and the motor is disabled, § 55-8-306(a)(4)).
   • Alabama reaches the same result through its general rule: § 32-5A-52 bars driving any vehicle on a sidewalk and § 32-1-1.1(88) makes an electric bicycle a vehicle (Alabama guide); Georgia reaches it through its bicycle rule, § 40-6-144, which a city may reopen only to riders 12 and under (Georgia guide).
   • Washington bars Class 3 from sidewalks by default (see the Washington guide).
   • Maryland runs the opposite default since October 1, 2025: sidewalks are open unless the county or town prohibits it (§ 21-1103(b)(2)). Hawaii opened sidewalks to every class at 10 mph or less except in business districts or where a county prohibits it, and Honolulu does (Ordinance 25-6).
   • Everywhere else, sidewalk riding follows the local bicycle ordinance.

The two models that invert the default. Texas preempts most local e-bike bans: a city may not prohibit e-bikes where bicycles are allowed, except on natural-surface trails closed to motor vehicles (Tex. Transp. Code § 551.106, Texas guide).

Washington runs the opposite: Class 3 is excluded from shared-use paths by default and broader access is a local opt-in (RCW 46.61.710).

Colorado sits between them, with cities and counties free to restrict Class 1/2 and even require local registration (Colorado guide). Kansas expressly preserves city home rule over e-bikes on streets and sidewalks (K.S.A. 8-1592b(f)(2)), and it is the one state measured in this series to have lowered its ceiling, from 1,000 watts to less than 750, while writing e-bikes out of five vehicle definitions at once (Kansas guide).

Class 1 and 2 open, Class 3 closed unless the sign says otherwise — the default in most of the 42 three-class states; California and Oklahoma open paths to all three. On the Pa'rus Trail in Zion, pictured, the federal version is narrower still: only Class 1 pedal-assist e-bikes are allowed in the park, on the same paths as a bicycle.

National parks, BLM, and Forest Service land

Federal land is where you are most likely to assume one rule and meet three. Each agency wrote its own text, and we read all three at the Government Publishing Office.

Park roads and parking areas are open where the superintendent designates; the trail behind the sign usually is not. Zion's designation, pictured on the Zion Canyon Scenic Drive, is Class 1 only, single file at the road's edge and a full stop when a shuttle comes up behind you.

Two federal details decide more of your park rides than the class system does.

First, inside a national park your state's e-bike law follows you in: "Except as specified in this chapter, the use of an electric bicycle is governed by State law, which is adopted and made a part of this section. Any act in violation of State law adopted by this paragraph is prohibited" (36 CFR § 4.30(i)(6)).

A Class 3 age violation in a California park is a federal prohibited act (36 CFR § 4.30(h)(2)).

Second, the NPS (36 CFR § 1.4) and BLM (43 CFR § 8340.0-5) definitions say a motor of "not more than 750 watts," while the consumer-product statute says "less than 750 watts" (15 U.S.C. § 2085(b)) — the same day's reading at the same publisher, two different boundary words for a 750-W nameplate.

Our trails guide and the California and Texas trail atlases map which specific units have opened which routes.

City and county rules: where the real answers live

Every statute on this page ends with a sentence handing power to "a local authority or state agency having jurisdiction" (e.g. K.S.A. 8-1592b(f)), and that is where the answer to "can I ride here" actually lives.

Every one of our 33 state guides carries a municipal sweep with a published denominator, and the results show how much the state table leaves out. Each row below is the guide's own count, and the denominators differ by state (incorporated places, counties, Maine's organized municipalities), so they are never summed:

The state statute gets you to the bridge; the city's code decides how fast you cross it — 15 mph in New York City. On Portland's Tilikum Crossing, pictured, TriMet opens the deck to transit, pedestrians and cyclists only, and Oregon makes your e-bike a bicycle on it (ORS 814.405).

The local layer also carries the rules that most often lead to a ticket: Highland Park's permit-to-ride scheme, NYC's 15-mph cap, Suffolk County's sidewalk ban, Nicollet County's outright prohibition. None of them appear in a state statute.

Local bike shops are the other place the local rule shows up first — the dealers in our Portland, New York City, Los Angeles, San Diego and Denver directories (and the national e-bike stores near me guide) sell under those ordinances every day.

The same is true across the two states with the deepest local layers in this table: Houston, Dallas, San Antonio and Austin in Texas, and Miami, Tampa and Orlando in Florida.

If your state is not one of the 33 above, the three places to check are the city code (search "electric bicycle"), the county park rules, and the trail manager's posted policy — in that order.

Sur-Rons, mopeds, and scooters are not e-bikes

"Sur-Ron street legal?" is one of the most-searched e-bike questions in the country, and every state's text gives the same answer: a device that exceeds the e-bike definition is regulated as something else. The something-else differs by state, and it is worth seeing the exclusions in the states' own words.

Pedals that work, a motor under the cap, a top assisted speed inside the class — the machine on the right fails all three in every state.

A Sur-Ron-class machine — no operable pedals in the statutory sense, motor far above 750 W, motor-only speeds far above 20 mph — fails every definition on this page and lands in motorcycle or motor-driven-cycle territory in every state we read. Not a matter of local enforcement mood; it is in the definition before you ever meet an officer.

Electric mopeds with a throttle over 20 mph land in moped law — our electric moped guide walks that line machine by machine (Arizona's moped definition, for example, expressly excludes e-bikes and covers 50-cc-equivalent machines to 25 mph, A.R.S. § 28-101(48)).

If you want the capability of a bigger motor within the law, the legal ceiling is a Class 3, and the right place to start is a Class 3-capable commuter with the helmet rules above in mind.

Insurance: what no state requires, and the gap three states warn you about

No state requires liability insurance to ride a compliant pedal-assist e-bike — the exemption is written into almost every e-bike section ("not subject to … financial responsibility," e.g. Va. Code § 46.2-904.1(B)).

New Jersey is the exception, and only for throttle-equipped "motorized bicycles" and 21–28 mph assist; pedal-assist e-bikes under 20 mph are exempt from insurance even there (NJ guide).

That leaves a gap the statutes themselves now flag.

Utah's 2024 law requires anyone selling a two- or three-wheeler that is not an electric assisted bicycle to print, in bold capitals, "YOUR INSURANCE POLICIES MAY NOT PROVIDE COVERAGE FOR ACCIDENTS INVOLVING THE USE OF THIS VEHICLE. TO DETERMINE IF COVERAGE IS PROVIDED YOU SHOULD CONTACT YOUR INSURANCE COMPANY OR AGENT" (§ 41-6a-1115.5(8)(d)).

The other two warnings are structural: New Jersey's decision to require insurance on throttle bikes, and Virginia's equipment rule that every e-bike run "spill-proof, sealed, or gelled electrolyte batteries" (§ 46.2-908.1) — an insurer's kind of rule written into a traffic code.

What the texts themselves establish: a compliant e-bike is a bicycle under state law, and a non-compliant device is a motor vehicle. Where a homeowner's or renter's liability policy draws its own line between those two is the policy's question, and no statute we read answers it.

Whether your policy covers an e-bike is a question for your insurer rather than for a statute — and the three questions to ask are the ones Utah's disclosure implies: Is an e-bike a covered bicycle under my liability section? Does that change if the bike is Class 3? Does it change if it is modified?

What invalidates your e-bike's legal status

Every statute that grants an e-bike bicycle status also names what takes it away, and the five revocation clauses below are written into the same sections that give you the right to ride, so none of them depends on an officer's opinion on the day.

1. Modifying the speed or engagement without relabeling. The standard clause: "No person shall tamper with or modify an electric bicycle so as to change the motor-powered speed capability or engagement … unless the label indicating the classification … is replaced after modification" (Mississippi, § 63-3-1315(4)).
   • Three states go further and say the modified machine stops being an e-bike at all: Maine ("that vehicle is no longer an electric bicycle" — and because Maine's moped definition starts where its e-bike definition stops, the machine lands in a named category rather than in none), West Virginia (same words), Michigan ("a device shall not be considered an electric bicycle if the motor is modified … or if the motor exceeds 750 watts").
2. Removing the label. Roughly thirty states require a permanently affixed label with the class number, top assisted speed and motor wattage, usually "printed in Arial font in at least 9-point type" (CVC § 312.5(c)). South Carolina makes removing it an offense in the definition itself (§ 56-1-10(29)).
3. Riding a Class 3 without the speedometer. Required in at least twenty states (e.g. Va. Code § 46.2-904.1(C)(3)); Iowa writes it as a condition of operation: "shall not be operated unless it is equipped with a speedometer" (§ 321.235B(5)).
4. A motor that does not disengage. Most definitions require the motor to cut "when the rider stops pedaling or when the brakes are applied" (Vermont, § 1136a(c)). A throttle wired to override the brake cut-off takes the bike out of the definition.
5. In Minnesota, a battery without third-party testing. The test is inside the definition (Minnesota guide).

A second battery pack changes none of this. The federal definition turns on pedals, motor power and assisted speed (15 U.S.C. § 2085(b)), and none of the state definitions on this page names battery capacity. Our dual-battery electric bike guide sets out where UL 2849 certification is required by law and where it remains the manufacturer's choice.

None of these depend on a police officer's opinion. They are written into the same section that gives you the right to ride, which is why the label matters more than any accessory you will buy.

Class number, top assisted speed, wattage — usually in 9-point Arial, in roughly thirty states. The label is the bike's legal identity.

The "street-legal" listing trap

The phrase "street legal" on a product listing has no statutory meaning in any state we read. What a listing should tell you — and what Utah now forces sellers to disclose when it is not true — is whether the device meets the e-bike definition. The three tricks to read past:

• "750W" with a much larger peak. The label statutes require the rated wattage; a listing that leads with a peak figure and buries the rated one is telling you which number matters to marketing rather than to the statute. Michigan's rule is the plainest: over 750 W and it "shall not be considered an electric bicycle."
• "Unlockable" or "off-road mode." Utah excludes devices that are "modifiable" to exceed 20 mph on motor power, and its definition of a programmable e-bike requires that it "fully conforms with the respective requirements of each class" in each mode (§ 41-6a-102(66)). A hidden 35-mph mode is not a feature; it is the exclusion clause.
• "Legal in all 50 states." Read this page's table. A 28-mph Class 3 is not an e-bike in Pennsylvania, Montana, South Carolina, Massachusetts or (until December 1, 2026) North Carolina, caps at 25 mph in New York, needs registration and insurance in New Jersey, and is path-legal in almost none of the three-class states by default.

Utah wrote the disclosure that every buyer should imagine on every listing: "THIS VEHICLE IS NOT AN 'ELECTRIC ASSISTED BICYCLE' AS DEFINED BY UTAH MOTOR VEHICLE CODE AND IS INSTEAD A TYPE OF MOTOR VEHICLE" (§ 41-6a-1115.5(8)). If a seller cannot tell you the class, the rated wattage and the assisted top speed, assume the disclosure applies.

Every Redtail listing prints those three numbers at the top of the page, and the all e-bikes collection is the place to compare them side by side.

Is your e-bike street legal? The 30-second check

Three numbers and a yes/no decide it in 42 states. Find them on the frame label (required in most states since 2017–2022) or the manufacturer's spec sheet.

Pass all five and your bike is a bicycle under state law in 42 states, with the age and helmet rules from the table layered on. Fail any one and it is something else — and the something else carries a license, a plate, or a ban.

Thirteen rider situations, matched to the right class

The class you buy decides the rules you live under, so the useful way to choose is by situation rather than by spec sheet. The picks below are organized that way.

If you already have a brand in mind, our profiles of Lectric, Aventon, Velotric, Super73, Ridstar and Himiway list each model's class and rated wattage.

The best e-bike brands comparison ranks them on exactly the numbers this page turns on. Each row below names the class that keeps its legal access for that rider in the most states, the law that makes it so, and the Redtail collection where those bikes live.

Four rows carry a named Redtail pick, each approved for this page, price-checked against the maker's own store and ours on September 8, 2026, with the cart link on its card below; every bike in the linked collections lists its class, rated wattage and assisted top speed on the product page.

Row 8: a cargo e-bike keeps every path right a bicycle has, as long as it stays Class 1 or 2. A Saturday at the PSU Farmers Market in Portland's South Park Blocks, pictured, is the ride it is built for.

Row 11: twenty-six definitions say two or three wheels, so a trike rides as a bicycle there; Nebraska allows four, Virginia not more than three, and Alabama, Montana, New Jersey and Rhode Island define a two-wheeled machine. Maryland is in the first group, and Ocean City, pictured, admits Class 1 e-bikes to its Boardwalk only in the hours the town sets by resolution and bars Class 2 and 3 at any time (§ 90-193, Maryland guide).

Row 10: the beach or the desert is the land manager's call rather than the statute's, so the fat-tire question is always local. Johnson Valley, pictured, is BLM's 96,000-acre off-highway riding area, and biking is on its list.

The four bikes approved for this page, with the cart link on each

Each of the four is a 500-watt, 20-mph Class 2, inside every wattage definition in the table above whether the state writes "less than" or "not more than", and each was read at Eunorau's own listing on September 8, 2026 and at ours on September 9: the same price at both, every color in stock (our own store record, listed with the sources).

Free shipping in the lower 48, US-based support at (213) 444-4020 or support@redtailebikes.com, warranty claims handled by us with the manufacturer, and Shop Pay instalments at checkout, in 3, 6 or 12 monthly payments at the rate shown on each listing, apply to all four.

Why buy it from Redtail

Every bike named on this page prints the three numbers the statutes turn on at the top of its listing, and every order ships free to the lower 48 in one to three business days with US-based support at (213) 444-4020.

If a bike arrives damaged, you photograph the box within 48 hours and we file the carrier claim; a warranty fault is handled by us with the manufacturer rather than by you (our published shipping and refund policies and how buying works, read September 8, 2026).

And the table above is on this page for a reason: if your state's definition excludes the bike you want, a 750-watt nameplate in Maine or Kansas, a trike in Alabama, we would rather you read the row and buy the bike that fits it than return the one that does not.

Pre-purchase compliance checklist

Ten minutes with this list prevents the two expensive outcomes: a bike that is not an e-bike in your state, and a bike that is an e-bike but cannot ride where you planned to ride it.

1. Find your state's row in the master table. Note the framework, the age floor, the helmet rule, and the catch.
2. Read the rated wattage and assisted top speed on the manufacturer's spec sheet. Match them to the class definition. If the state is PA, SC, MT or MA (or NC before December 1, 2026), the ceiling is 20 mph on motor power.
3. Decide Class 1 vs Class 2 by whether you need a throttle — and check NM, MI, NJ and the federal land rules if you ride paths or parks.
4. If Class 3: confirm the speedometer is fitted, budget for a helmet (mandatory for adults in nine states and in Connecticut on every class), and confirm the rider is 16+ (15 in TX, IN, GA; 14 in MI; 12 in LA; 16+ nationwide in NY, OR, PA for every class).
5. Confirm the label will be on the frame: class number, top assisted speed, motor wattage.
6. In Hawaii, register ($30, county finance office) before riding; in New Jersey, register and license before riding; in Colorado, check the city for local registration.
7. Check your city and county code — search "electric bicycle" on the municipal code site — and the trail manager's posted rule for the paths you will actually use.
8. Ask your insurer the three questions from the insurance section, in writing.
9. Keep the label photo and the spec sheet on your phone.
10. Read the buying guide before the checkout page. Our electric bike buying guide walks the motor, battery and class choices in order, and where to buy an e-bike covers warranty, returns and why the seller's spec sheet matters.
11. Set a calendar reminder for the dates on this page that affect you: October 1, 2026 (Connecticut's wattage word), December 1, 2026 (North Carolina), January 1, 2027 (Illinois and Oregon), January 19, 2027 (New Jersey fee waiver ends).

If an officer stops you: what they check

Every state that requires the class label requires it for one reason: it is the thing that can be checked at the roadside. In the statutes we read, the label must carry the classification number, the top assisted speed and the motor wattage, printed — in most states — in Arial of at least 9-point type (CVC § 312.5(c)). That is the first check.

The second is the speedometer on a Class 3 (required in at least twenty states). The third is the rider: age for Class 3 where the state sets one, and a helmet where the state requires one.

None of the statutes we read give an officer a roadside wattage test; what they give is the label, the equipment, and the rider's papers where a state requires them (New Jersey, and Hawaii's registration decal).

So the calm version of the stop is a bike with its label intact, a speedometer on a Class 3, a helmet where the table says so, and — in New Jersey — registration and license in hand. In every other state the paperwork is the label itself. Keep it, and keep the spec sheet on your phone for the rare officer who wants to see where the 750 comes from.

The label answers the only three questions the statutes let an officer ask of the bike: which class, how fast, how many watts.

Frequently asked questions

Do you need a license for an electric bike?

In 47 states and the District of Columbia, no (forty-six of them also ask for no registration or insurance; Hawaii registers e-bikes but licenses no rider). Twenty-six state statutes say so expressly (e.g. K.S.A. 8-1592b(b)), and in 21 states and the District the e-bike is a bicycle or is excluded from "motor vehicle", which is what the license chapters key on; the master table shows which is which for every jurisdiction.

New Jersey requires a licensed rider for every e-bike as of July 19, 2026 (P.L.2025, c.285); Alaska and Kentucky have no e-bike statute, so the DMV's classification governs; Oregon (ORS 807.020(15)) and Pennsylvania (75 Pa.C.S. § 3514) require no license but bar anyone under 16 from riding any e-bike.

Do you have to register an electric bike?

Only in New Jersey (every e-bike, under P.L.2025, c.285) and Hawaii (a one-time $30 county registration under HRS § 249-14(b) — and since July 15, 2026, Act 259 bars riding an unregistered e-bike on any roadway, sidewalk or bicycle facility, with citation or temporary impoundment). Colorado lets cities and counties require local registration and regulate e-bikes locally (C.R.S. § 42-4-1412). Everywhere else, the statute says no.

Do you need insurance for an electric bike?

No state requires it for a compliant e-bike except New Jersey, and only for throttle-equipped "motorized bicycles" and 21–28 mph assist (P.L.2025, c.285). Whether your homeowner's or renter's policy covers an e-bike is a question for your insurer — Utah's law makes sellers of non-e-bikes warn that "YOUR INSURANCE POLICIES MAY NOT PROVIDE COVERAGE" (§ 41-6a-1115.5(8)(d)).

What are the three electric bike classes?

Class 1: motor assists only while pedaling, stops at 20 mph (Ariz. Rev. Stat. § 28-101(28)(a)). Class 2: motor may propel the bike without pedaling (throttle), stops at 20 mph (625 ILCS 5/1-140.10(b)). Class 3: assists only while pedaling, stops at 28 mph, usually with a speedometer required (Ohio R.C. 4511.01(VVV)).

Forty-two states use these definitions as of September 8, 2026 — Hawaii adopted them on July 15, 2026 (Act 259); New York's Class 3 stops at 25 mph (VTL § 102-c); Minnesota adds a "multiple mode" category (Minn. Stat. § 169.011); Rhode Island layers them over a 2-hp motor cap (§ 31-1-3(g)).

Are electric bikes street legal?

A compliant e-bike is a bicycle under state law and may use roads, shoulders and bike lanes everywhere we read. "Street legal" is not a statutory term — what matters is whether the device meets the state's definition: rated wattage, assisted speed, operable pedals (15 U.S.C. § 2085(b)), and in some states a label.

A device that exceeds the definition is a moped, motorized bicycle or motor vehicle — South Carolina puts 750–1,500 W of electric input in moped law (§ 56-1-10(26)). Every bike in our all e-bikes collection prints its class, rated wattage and assisted top speed on the listing.

Is a 1,000-watt e-bike street legal?

Not as an e-bike in the 44 jurisdictions whose definitions cap the motor at 750 W; a 1,000-W machine falls into moped or motor-vehicle law there. South Carolina defines 750–1,500 W input as a moped (§ 56-1-10(26)); Michigan says over 750 W "shall not be considered an electric bicycle" (MCL 257.13e).

Oregon (ORS 801.258) and Montana (MCA 61-8-102(7)) set no wattage figure at all, so a 1,000-W bike that holds the class speed rules in Oregon, or cannot exceed 20 mph on motor power in Montana, is inside their definitions.

Rhode Island caps by horsepower, 2 SAE hp or about 1,492 W (§ 31-1-3(g)); Vermont keeps a separate 1,000-W "motor-assisted bicycle" class (23 V.S.A. § 4(45)); Alaska and Kentucky have no statute.

Is a 750-watt e-bike legal?

The wording decides the edge case, and the statutes split almost evenly. Twenty-four jurisdictions write the ceiling inclusively ("not more than 750 watts" in Nevada's NRS 484B.017, "750 watts or less", "does not exceed 750 watts"), so a motor rated at 750 W is an e-bike there.

Twenty copy the federal "less than 750 watts" (15 U.S.C. § 2085(b)), which puts the same motor one watt outside.

Iowa joined the inclusive group on July 1, 2026 (2026 Iowa Acts ch. 1053) and Connecticut joins on October 1, 2026 (P.A. 26-24 § 26); Maine goes further and makes a 750 W hub-drive motor a moped (29-A M.R.S. § 101(36)(B)).

Anything rated below 750 W clears the wattage limb of every definition that has one; the speed, pedal and wheel limbs still apply, and the seven jurisdictions with no wattage test decide on those alone. The watt-word table on this page quotes all 51.

What is the e-bike speed limit?

The assist limit is 20 mph for Class 1 and 2 and 28 mph for Class 3 — 25 mph in New York (VTL § 102-c), 20 mph for everything in PA, SC, MT and MA (and NC until December 1, 2026). Road speed limits apply as they do to any vehicle.

Iowa caps Class 3 at 20 mph on bike lanes and multi-use paths (§ 321.235B(9)(b)); New York City sets a citywide 15-mph e-bike limit — NYC DOT states that "the speed limit for e-bike, e-scooter, and pedal assist bicycle riders in New York City is 15MPH" (NYC DOT, read August 2026).

Do you need a helmet to ride an electric bike?

It depends on the state and the class. Connecticut requires headgear on every e-bike rider of any age (C.G.S. § 14-289k(f)), and breaking it has been an infraction since October 1, 2025 (§ 14-289k(h), P.A. 25-159); see our Connecticut e-bike laws page.

Nine states require it for every Class 3 rider regardless of age — and in most of them every passenger too: AL, CA, DE, GA, LA, NY, OH, TN, VA; others set it by age (21 in AR and RI, 18 in CO/IN/MI/NH/SD, under-16 bicycle rules elsewhere).

Minnesota (§ 169.011), Texas (ch. 664) and Washington (RCW 46.61.710) carry no e-bike helmet rule at all in the sections we read. Everywhere else the state's general bicycle helmet law, usually under 16 or under 18, is the rule to check.

How old do you have to be to ride an e-bike?

No state age floor for Class 1 and 2 in most states; Class 3 is usually 16 — 15 in TX, IN and GA, 14 in MI, 12 in LA.

New York (VTL § 102-c), Oregon (ORS 807.020(15)) and Pennsylvania (75 Pa.C.S. § 3514) set 16 for every e-bike; Minnesota and New Jersey set 15 for every e-bike; in Hawaii an under-16 may ride a Class 2 or Class 3 only with a parent or guardian supervising (Act 259, since July 15, 2026); Utah tiers it at 8, 14 and 16 (§ 41-6a-1115.5).

Can you ride an e-bike on the sidewalk?

Five states bar it statewide in the e-bike section: Delaware (under motor power), Illinois, Massachusetts, Oregon, and Tennessee (unless locally authorized with the motor off).

Alabama reaches the same result through its general vehicle rule (§ 32-5A-52) and Georgia through its bicycle rule (§ 40-6-144, see the Georgia guide); Washington bars Class 3 from sidewalks by default (RCW 46.61.710).

Maryland opens them unless a county or town prohibits it (§ 21-1103(b)(2)); Hawaii opens them at 10 mph or less except in business districts or where a county prohibits it, and Honolulu does (Ordinance 25-6). Everywhere else, sidewalk riding follows the city's bicycle ordinance.

Can you get a DUI on an e-bike?

In a state whose impaired-driving statute covers any "vehicle," yes: the e-bike statutes we read make an e-bike a vehicle to the same extent as a bicycle, and three (Idaho, Maine and Oklahoma) add that it counts as a motor vehicle for the federal open-container rule.

West Virginia writes the prohibition into the e-bike section itself (§ 17C-11-8(j)). In a state whose statute says "motor vehicle," the e-bike definition pulls it out. Check which word your state's impaired-driving statute uses: "vehicle" reaches an e-bike and "motor vehicle" does not, except in the three states that fold e-bikes into the federal open-container rule.

Are throttle e-bikes legal?

Yes — a throttle e-bike is a Class 2 in every three-class state (625 ILCS 5/1-140.10(b)) and is road-legal wherever a bicycle is. It loses default path access in New Mexico and Michigan, triggers insurance in New Jersey, and may fail South Carolina's "cuts when the rider stops pedaling" definition (§ 56-1-10).

Can you ride an e-bike in national parks?

Only where the superintendent has designated — park roads, parking areas, and administrative roads and trails otherwise open to bicycles — and never in statutory wilderness (36 CFR § 4.30(i)). Your state's e-bike law is adopted as federal regulation inside the park.

Is a Sur-Ron or electric dirt bike street legal?

Not as an e-bike in any state we read. With no operable pedals in the statutory sense, a motor well over 750 W and motor-only speeds well over 20 mph, it fails every definition and falls into motorcycle or motor-driven-cycle law; Connecticut excludes dirt bikes from "electric bicycle" by name (§ 14-1(31)).

Are electric mopeds legal?

As mopeds, with moped rules — Arizona's moped definition covers machines to 25 mph and expressly excludes e-bikes (A.R.S. § 28-101(48)); South Carolina's covers 750–1,500 W electric input (§ 56-1-10(26)). A moped typically needs a license or permit and, in many states, registration.

What happens if you modify an e-bike to go faster?

In most states you must replace the class label; in Maine, West Virginia and Michigan the modified machine is "no longer an electric bicycle" and becomes a motor vehicle. Utah excludes anything "modifiable" past 20 mph on motor power from the definition outright (§ 41-6a-102(21)).

Are e-bike laws the same in every state?

No. Forty-two states share the three-class model but differ on helmets, ages, and paths, and two add a twist of their own (Rhode Island caps the motor by horsepower and New York caps Class 3 at 25 mph, VTL § 102-c); four use a single 20-mph definition.

Massachusetts has two classes; New Jersey licenses everything; Alaska and Kentucky have no e-bike statute. One table on this page lists all fifty with the section each rule rests on.

Which states changed their e-bike laws in 2026?

New Jersey (enforcement from July 19), Hawaii (Act 259: three classes, helmet to 18, sidewalks at 10 mph or less, from July 15), Tennessee (Class 3 age 14→16 on July 1), Washington (ESSB 6110, June 11), North Carolina (three classes from December 1).

California (battery certification and lighting), Colorado (incentive changes); Illinois signed P.A. 104-0854 on August 26 with the changes landing January 1, 2027; Florida's SB 382 was vetoed.

Six more were enacted with less notice. Iowa turned its wattage word inclusive on July 1 (2026 Iowa Acts ch. 1053), Idaho wrote e-bikes into three rules-of-the-road sections on July 1 (HB 500).

Louisiana gave e-bike riders a red-light procedure on August 1 (Act 951), South Carolina's stop-as-yield took effect May 18 (Act No. 173), Utah's under-21 helmet rule (§ 41-6a-1505) and officer hold (§ 41-6a-1115.6) took effect May 6, and Maryland admitted Class 1 e-bikes to designated state trails on May 25 (COMAR 08.01.10).

Connecticut's wattage word turns inclusive on October 1 (P.A. 26-24 § 26) and Oregon's age and battery rules land on January 1, 2027 (HB 4007). The what-changed table on this page dates every one.

Where can I check my city's e-bike rules?

Search "electric bicycle" in your municipal code (Municode, eCode360, American Legal Publishing host most cities), then your county park rules, then the trail manager's posted policy. All 33 of our state guides carry a municipal sweep with its denominator, from California's 483 cities to New Jersey's 564 municipalities; the local-layer table on this page links every one.

Source register

Every statute, act and ordinance on this page is cited to the government body that publishes it, and the four picks to the manufacturer's own listing. There are 153 distinct cited locations across 79 hosts; the 24 most-cited are listed here, and the full machine-readable ledger ships with the article as citations.csv.

No tier-five source is cited anywhere on this page.

Limitations

Ten things about this page are narrower than they may read, and each is named here so you can weigh it yourself: how current each row is, which states have a guide and which do not, the corrections this page has carried and when, what a "no rule located" cell means, where municipal law lives, how the four picks were chosen, one reported bill whose roll call we did not retrieve, and the dates on which this page expires.

1. Fifty-one jurisdictions cannot all be current on the same day. This page states each state's position as at the retrieval recorded in the ledger. Where we publish a dedicated state guide, that guide is the fresher source and the table links to it.
2. Thirty-three states have a dedicated guide; seventeen states and the District of Columbia do not. The rows without a guide were built from the statute alone, re-swept for enacted changes on September 8, 2026, and have had no municipal sweep and no first-party catalog screen. They are the rows most likely to drift between sweeps.
3. Two rows in this table were wrong until 27 August 2026 and are now corrected. Georgia's minimum-age cell repeated a reading of § 40-6-351 that HB 454 § 5 had already removed, and Utah's helmet cell predated § 41-6a-1505, which has required a helmet under 21 since 6 May 2026. Both are fixed above. We record the error rather than quietly overwriting it.
4. "No rule located" is not "no rule exists." Several cells say a state's e-bike section carries no helmet or age rule. That is a statement about the section read, not proof that no rule sits elsewhere in that state's code or in a local ordinance.
5. Municipal law is summarized here and swept on the state guides. The local-layer table reports each guide's own denominator and count; those denominators differ (incorporated places, counties, Maine's organized municipalities) and are never summed.
6. The four named picks are all Eunorau models, the only ones approved for this page, and every one clears every wattage definition in the table. No other brand we stock was screened out on merit.
7. One row was wrong from 19 to 29 August 2026 and is now corrected. Hawaii's row said the state had no classes and no Class 3, a reading that had been out of date since 15 July 2026, when Act 259 wrote Class 1, 2 and 3 into chapter 291C, raised the helmet age to under 18 and opened sidewalks at 10 mph or less. The row, the counts that depended on it, and the what-changed table are fixed above.
8. Four statements on this page were wrong until 8 September 2026 and are now corrected.
   • The watt-word note named five inclusive states and said most states copied the federal "less than"; read at all 51 definitions, 24 write the ceiling inclusively and 20 copy the federal wording.
   • The trike row said every definition covers two or three wheels; four (Alabama, Montana, New Jersey and Rhode Island) describe a two-wheeled machine, Nebraska's allows four wheels and Virginia's not more than three.
   • The 1,000-watt answer said every definition caps the motor at 750 W; Oregon and Montana set no wattage figure.
   • The license count in the FAQ also read 46 states; re-derived from the table it is 47 states plus the District of Columbia. (The 46 in the Quick Answer counts states that require no license, registration or insurance together, and is unchanged.)
   • We record the errors rather than quietly overwriting them.
9. Delaware's HS 1 for HB 439 is recorded as reported passed and unsigned. Its passage on 30 June 2026 was reported by WDEL and Electrek; the Senate roll call itself was not retrieved, and the Governor's own advisories through 2 September 2026 do not list it as signed. It is not stated as law anywhere on this page.
10. This page expires on legislative change, and several states have dated changes already enacted: Connecticut on 1 October 2026, North Carolina on 1 December 2026, Illinois and Oregon on 1 January 2027, Hawaii's e-bike label rule by 12 November 2026 (or earlier by rule), Utah on 5 May 2027. Those dates are in the tables.

The bottom line

A compliant e-bike is a bicycle in the eyes of 46 states: no license, no registration, no insurance (in Oklahoma's words, "not subject to" any of them, 47 O.S. § 11-1209(B)), and the right to use every road and bike lane a bicycle can.

Forty-two states define "compliant" the way the federal sentence does (15 U.S.C. § 2085(b)): 750 watts, three classes, pedals that work, and the rest of this page is the list of where that stops being true: the four 20-mph states, Massachusetts's two classes, New York's 25-mph NYC-only Class 3, Rhode Island's horsepower cap, New Jersey's licensing, and the two states with no statute at all.

The watt-word table is the part to read twice: a 750 W motor is inside the definition in 24 jurisdictions and outside it in 20. Indiana is one of the 24, and our Indianapolis guide measures what that is worth: 51 of the 71 machines that qualify there do so only because the statute says “not greater than”.

Buy for the situation, not the spec sheet. A Class 1 keeps its legal access on more paths in more states than anything else and is the right first e-bike in almost every row above.

A Class 2 buys you a throttle at the cost of path access in a few states and an insurance policy in one. A Class 3 is a road bike with a helmet duty attached, and it is not an e-bike at all in the four states whose definitions stop at 20 mph, Pennsylvania's among them, or in Massachusetts, which has no Class 3 (75 Pa.C.S. § 102).

Check the row, check the city, photograph the label, and ride. The four bikes approved for this page clear every wattage definition in the table: the META26 for the throttle commuter, the META20 for the 20-mph states, the G30-CARGO 2.0 for the cargo rider, and the ONE-TRIKE 2.0 where a trike rides as a bicycle.

If you want a second pair of eyes on your state before you order, contact us or call (213) 444-4020; we have read the statute, and we will tell you plainly if the bike you are looking at fits it.

The reviews index's legality table shows which definition every bike we have reviewed lands in, state by state, from an off-road machine read against every definition to the ONE-TRIKE 2.0.

Primary sources

Every entry below carries the date we opened it. Where a date is not August 19, 2026, the section was read when that state's own guide was built and re-checked against this table. Raw text of every statute read is kept in our research files with the retrieval route and timestamp on each file.

• Federal: 15 U.S.C. § 2085 (GPO, 2024 ed.); 16 CFR part 1512; 36 CFR § 1.4 and § 4.30 (7-1-24 ed.); 43 CFR § 8340.0-5 (10-1-24 ed.); 36 CFR § 212.1; CPSC NPR 91 FR 38162 (published June 24, 2026). Every federal source in this line was read Aug 14, 2026 and re-checked Aug 19, 2026.
• States (one link per row; full list in the master table): Alabama § 32-5A-267, read Aug 19, 2026 · Alaska AS 28.90.990, read Aug 19, 2026 · Arizona § 28-819, read Aug 19, 2026 · Arkansas Act 956 (2017), read Aug 19, 2026 · California CVC § 312.5, read Aug 19, 2026 · Colorado HB25-1197, read Aug 16, 2026 · Connecticut § 14-289k, read Aug 19, 2026 · Delaware 21 Del. C. § 4198P, read Aug 19, 2026 · Florida § 316.20655, read Aug 14, 2026 · Georgia HB 454 (2019), read Aug 19, 2026 · Hawaii HRS § 249-14, read Aug 19, 2026 · Hawaii Act 259 (2026), HB 2021 CD1, read Aug 29, 2026 · Idaho § 49-725, read Aug 19, 2026 · Illinois 625 ILCS 5/11-1517, read Aug 19, 2026 · Illinois P.A. 104-0854 (SB 3484, 2026), read Aug 29, 2026 · Indiana Title 9 (2022 ed.), read Aug 19, 2026 · Iowa § 321.235B, read Aug 19, 2026 · Kansas 8-1592b, read Aug 19, 2026 · Kentucky KRS 189.010, read Aug 19, 2026 · Louisiana Act 152 (2020), read Aug 19, 2026 · Maine 29-A § 2063, read Aug 19, 2026 · Maryland § 21-1205.2, read Aug 19, 2026 · Massachusetts c.85 § 11B¾, read Aug 19, 2026 · Michigan MCL 257.662a, read Aug 19, 2026 · Minnesota § 169.011, read Aug 18, 2026 · Mississippi HB 1195 (2021), read Aug 19, 2026 · Missouri § 307.194, read Aug 19, 2026 · Montana § 61-8-102, read Aug 19, 2026 · Nebraska LB 138 (2023), read Aug 19, 2026 · Nevada NRS 484B.017, read Aug 19, 2026 · New Hampshire RSA 265:144-a, read Aug 19, 2026 · New Jersey P.L.2025, c.285, read Aug 15, 2026 · New Mexico SB 69 (2023), read Aug 19, 2026 · New York VTL § 102-c, read Aug 14, 2026 · North Carolina S.L. 2026-46, read Aug 19, 2026 · North Dakota § 39-01-01, read Aug 19, 2026 · Ohio R.C. 4511.522, read Aug 19, 2026 · Oklahoma Title 47, read Aug 19, 2026 · Oregon ORS 801.258, read Aug 19, 2026 · Pennsylvania 75 Pa.C.S. § 3514, read Aug 19, 2026 · Rhode Island § 31-19.7-3, read Aug 19, 2026 · South Carolina § 56-1-10, read Aug 19, 2026 · South Dakota ch. 32-20B, read Aug 19, 2026 · Tennessee Public Chapter 651 (2026), read Aug 19, 2026 · Texas Transp. Code ch. 664, read Aug 19, 2026 · Utah § 41-6a-1115.5, read Aug 19, 2026 · Vermont 23 V.S.A. § 1136a, read Aug 19, 2026 · Virginia § 46.2-904.1, read Aug 19, 2026 · Washington RCW 46.61.710, read Aug 15, 2026 · West Virginia HB 2062 (2023), read Aug 19, 2026 · Wisconsin § 346.806, read Aug 19, 2026 · Wyoming Title 31, read Aug 19, 2026 · D.C. Code § 50-2201.02, read Aug 19, 2026.
• 2026 session texts read September 8, 2026: Idaho HB 500 (Session Law ch. 24) · Louisiana Act 951 (HB 723) · Connecticut P.A. 26-24 · Oregon HB 4007 (Or. Laws 2026 ch. 101) · 2026 Iowa Acts ch. 1053 and the § 321.1 print · South Carolina 2026 Act No. 173 · Utah § 41-6a-1115.6 · 2025 Md. Laws ch. 558, Transp. § 21-1103 and COMAR 08.01.10 · Kentucky KRS 186.010 (2026 Ky. Acts ch. 135) · Montana SB 387 (2025) bill record · Wyoming HB 20 (2026) digest · Delaware HB 439 and the Governor's Legislative Advisory #56 · Honolulu Ordinance 25-6 · Alabama § 32-5A-52 · Kansas H Sub for SB 101 (2022). The wattage clause of every definition in the watt-word table was re-read the same day at the deposits listed in research/electric-bike-laws/watt-word-map_20260908.csv, including Fla. Stat. § 316.003, SDCL 32-20B-9, Idaho Code § 49-106, K.S.A. 8-1489, RSMo § 301.010, RSA 259:27-a, RCW 46.04.169, Wis. Stat. § 340.01(15ph), Va. Code § 46.2-100, 29-A M.R.S. § 101, C.G.S. § 14-1, A.R.S. § 28-819 and IC 9-13-2-49.2, each read at the publisher on the date the ledger records.
• Local: NYC Admin Code § 20-610, read Aug 14, 2026, link re-verified Aug 19, 2026 after the publisher re-keyed Title 20; NYC DOT e-bike speed limit, read Aug 19, 2026; Arkansas State Parks rule 22 CAR § 50-122, read Aug 19, 2026.

Numbered bibliography

Three first-party datasets also stand behind this page and are ours rather than external citations. The first is the 51-row watt-word map (research/electric-bike-laws/watt-word-map_20260908.csv, every quotation with its deposit); the second is the catalog specification table behind the 189-listing count in the watt-word section (research/catalog/our-catalog-specs_20260909.csv, one row per active listing, read September 9, 2026).

The third is the four picks' live check (picks-live-check_20260909.json: our variants, prices and on-hand counts read from our store on September 9, 2026, against the maker's listings read September 8).

Full bibliographic records for all 153 cited locations ship with this article in citations.csv. Every publisher those provisions came from is listed here, and every state row in the master table links directly to the provision it rests on.

1. alison.legislature.state.al.us — 3 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-1-1.1
2. app.leg.wa.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://app.leg.wa.gov/rcw/default.aspx?cite=46.04.169
3. apps.legislature.ky.gov — 3 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://apps.legislature.ky.gov/law/kar/titles/601/014/020/
4. archive.legmt.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://archive.legmt.gov/bills/mca/title_0610/chapter_0080/part_0010/section_0020/0610-0080-0010-0020.html
5. bills.legmt.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://bills.legmt.gov/#/laws/bill/2/LC1821
6. billstatus.ls.state.ms.us — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2021/html/HB/1100-1199/HB1195SG.htm
7. code.dccouncil.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://code.dccouncil.gov/us/dc/council/code/sections/50-2201.02
8. codelibrary.amlegal.com — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://codelibrary.amlegal.com/codes/newyorkcity/latest/NYCadmin/0-0-0-35052
9. codeofarrules.arkansas.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://codeofarrules.arkansas.gov/Rules/Rule?levelType=section&titleID=22&chapterID=195&subChapterID=240&partID=813&subPartID=6651&sectionID=43244
10. codes.ohio.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://codes.ohio.gov/ohio-revised-code/section-4511.01
11. content.leg.colorado.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://content.leg.colorado.gov/sites/default/files/images/olls/crs2024-title-42.pdf
12. delcode.delaware.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://delcode.delaware.gov/title21/c001/index.html
13. dnr.wisconsin.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 10 Sep 2026. https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/parks/elroysparta/recreation
14. docs.legis.wisconsin.gov — 4 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/document/administrativecode/NR%2045.055
15. energyoffice.colorado.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://energyoffice.colorado.gov/ebike-rebates
16. eunorau-ebike.com — 4 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://eunorau-ebike.com/products/g30-cargo
17. gc.nh.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://gc.nh.gov/rsa/html/XXI/259/259-27-a.htm
18. governor.delaware.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://governor.delaware.gov/legislative-advisories/legislative-advisories-56/
19. hnldoc.ehawaii.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://hnldoc.ehawaii.gov/hnldoc/document-download?id=23753
20. iga.in.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 30 Aug 2026. https://iga.in.gov/laws/2025/ic/titles/9#9-13-2-49.2
21. law.lis.virginia.gov — 3 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://law.lis.virginia.gov/vacode/title46.2/chapter1/section46.2-100/
22. lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://lawfilesext.leg.wa.gov/biennium/2025-26/Htm/Bills/Session%20Laws/Senate/6110-S.SL.htm
23. le.utah.gov — 6 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://le.utah.gov/xcode/Title41/Chapter6A/41-6a-S102.html
24. leg.colorado.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://leg.colorado.gov/bills/hb25-1197
25. leginfo.legislature.ca.gov — 5 cited provisions. Accessed 10 Sep 2026. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billStatusClient.xhtml?bill_id=202520260SB1167
26. legis.delaware.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://legis.delaware.gov/BillDetail/143377
27. legislature.idaho.gov — 5 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://legislature.idaho.gov/sessioninfo/2026/legislation/H0500/
28. legislature.maine.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://legislature.maine.gov/statutes/29-A/title29-Asec101.html
29. legislature.vermont.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://legislature.vermont.gov/statutes/section/23/001/00004
30. library.municode.com — 1 cited provision. Accessed 6 Sep 2026. https://library.municode.com/md/ocean_city/codes/code_of_ordinances
31. malegislature.gov — 3 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://malegislature.gov/Laws/GeneralLaws/PartI/TitleXIV/Chapter85/Section11B3~4
32. mgaleg.maryland.gov — 5 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://mgaleg.maryland.gov/2025RS/chapters_noln/Ch_558_hb0375T.pdf
33. ndlegis.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://ndlegis.gov/cencode/t39c01.pdf
34. nebraskalegislature.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://nebraskalegislature.gov/FloorDocs/108/PDF/Slip/LB138.pdf
35. olis.oregonlegislature.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://olis.oregonlegislature.gov/liz/2026R1/Downloads/MeasureDocument/HB4007/Enrolled
36. pub.njleg.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://pub.njleg.gov/Bills/2024/PL25/285_.HTM
37. publications.tnsosfiles.com — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/109/pub/pc0823.pdf
38. regs.maryland.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://regs.maryland.gov/us/md/exec/comar/08.01.10
39. revisor.mo.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://revisor.mo.gov/main/OneSection.aspx?section=301.010
40. sdlegislature.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://sdlegislature.gov/Statutes/32-20B
41. stateparks.utah.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 6 Sep 2026. https://stateparks.utah.gov/parks/antelope-island/recreation-opportunities/
42. statutes.capitol.texas.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://statutes.capitol.texas.gov/Docs/TN/htm/TN.664.htm
43. tax.colorado.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://tax.colorado.gov/electric-bicycle-tax-credit
44. trimet.org — 1 cited provision. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://trimet.org/tilikum/
45. webserver.rilegislature.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://webserver.rilegislature.gov/Statutes/TITLE31/31-1/31-1-3.htm
46. wisconsindot.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://wisconsindot.gov/Documents/safety/education/pedestrian/ped-bike-prog.pdf
47. www.akleg.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.akleg.gov/basis/statutes.asp?media=print&secStart=28.90.990&secEnd=28.90.990
48. www.arkleg.state.ar.us — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2017R%2FPublic%2FACT956.pdf
49. www.azleg.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.azleg.gov/ars/28/00101.htm
50. www.blm.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 10 Sep 2026. https://www.blm.gov/visit/johnson-valley-ohv-area
51. www.capitol.hawaii.gov — 3 cited provisions. Accessed 29 Aug 2026. https://www.capitol.hawaii.gov/hrscurrent/Vol04_Ch0201-0257/HRS0249/HRS_0249-0014.htm
52. www.cga.ct.gov — 6 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://www.cga.ct.gov/2025/act/pa/pdf/2025PA-00159-R00HB-07160-PA.pdf
53. www.federalregister.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.federalregister.gov/api/v1/documents/2026-12749.json
54. www.flsenate.gov — 3 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://www.flsenate.gov/Laws/Statutes/2025/316.003
55. www.gencourt.state.nh.us — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.gencourt.state.nh.us/rsa/html/XXI/265/265-144-a.htm
56. www.gov.ca.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 10 Sep 2026. https://www.gov.ca.gov/2026/08/27/governor-newsom-signs-legislation-8-27-2026/
57. www.govinfo.gov — 7 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.govinfo.gov/app/details/CFR-2024-title16-vol2/CFR-2024-title16-vol2-part1512
58. www.ilga.gov — 3 cited provisions. Accessed 29 Aug 2026. https://www.ilga.gov/Legislation/BillStatus/FullText?GAID=18&DocNum=3484&DocTypeID=SB&SessionID=114&LegID=163258
59. www.in.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.in.gov/ipac/files/Title-9-Indiana-Code-2022.pdf
60. www.kslegislature.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://www.kslegislature.gov/li_2022/b2021_22/measures/sb101/
61. www.ksrevisor.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.ksrevisor.gov/statutes/chapters/ch08/008_014_0089.html
62. www.leg.state.nv.us — 3 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.leg.state.nv.us/nrs/nrs-484B.html#NRS484BSec017
63. www.legis.ga.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.legis.ga.gov/legislation/55353
64. www.legis.iowa.gov — 3 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://www.legis.iowa.gov/docs/code/321.1.pdf
65. www.legis.la.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://www.legis.la.gov/Legis/ViewDocument.aspx?d=1183350
66. www.legislature.mi.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Laws/MCL?objectName=mcl-257-13e
67. www.ncleg.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/SessionLaws/PDF/2025-2026/SL2026-46.pdf
68. www.nmlegis.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.nmlegis.gov/Sessions/23%20Regular/final/SB0069.pdf
69. www.nps.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 10 Sep 2026. https://www.nps.gov/zion/planyourvisit/bicycling.htm
70. www.nyc.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.nyc.gov/html/dot/html/bicyclists/ebikes.shtml
71. www.nysenate.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.nysenate.gov/legislation/laws/VAT/102-C
72. www.oklegislature.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.oklegislature.gov/OK_Statutes/CompleteTitles/os47.pdf
73. www.oregonlegislature.gov — 3 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.oregonlegislature.gov/bills_laws/ors/ors801.html
74. www.palegis.us — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=HTM&ttl=75&div=0&chapter=1&section=102
75. www.portlandfarmersmarket.org — 1 cited provision. Accessed 10 Sep 2026. https://www.portlandfarmersmarket.org/markets/psu/
76. www.revisor.mn.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.revisor.mn.gov/statutes/cite/169.011
77. www.scstatehouse.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://www.scstatehouse.gov/code/t56c001.php
78. www.wvlegislature.gov — 1 cited provision. Accessed 27 Aug 2026. https://www.wvlegislature.gov/Bill_Text_HTML/2023_SESSIONS/RS/bills/hb2062%20sub%20enr.pdf
79. wyoleg.gov — 2 cited provisions. Accessed 8 Sep 2026. https://wyoleg.gov/2026/Digest/HB0020.pdf Corrections and updates: hello@redtailebikes.com. This page is re-verified whenever a statute on it changes; the date at the top is the date of the last full pass.