Mississippi eBike Laws 2026: Less Than 750 Watts

Cover photograph: the Illinois Memorial at Vicksburg National Military Park, by the National Park Service (NPS / Brewer); the sky is extended to carry the type.

Quick Answer

In Mississippi an e-bike is a bicycle or tricycle with "fully operable pedals," a seat and "an electric motor of less than seven hundred fifty (750) watts," in Class 1, 2 or 3 (Miss. Code § 63-3-103(l)). You need no license, registration, title or insurance, and no rider under 16 may operate a Class 3 (§ 63-3-1315).

A motor rated at exactly 750 watts is outside that line, and past it the machine reads as a motorcycle under § 63-3-103(c): a license with a motorcycle endorsement and a crash helmet. State law sets no helmet for e-bikes, but nine town rules do, among them Brookhaven, Hernando, Moss Point and Senatobia for riders aged 1 to 16 and Jackson for every rider.

In this guide

• Are e-bikes legal in Mississippi?
• What Mississippi counts as an electric bicycle
• A vehicle to the same extent as a bicycle
• The 2021 act, and the bills that died around it
• What your bike becomes past the line
• License, registration and insurance
• Age: 16 for Class 3, and nothing else statewide
• Helmets: none in state law, nine town rules
• Labels, speedometers and tampering
• Lights, brakes and bells
• Where you may ride
• The Tanglefoot Trail and the Longleaf Trace
• State parks
• Wildlife management areas: 54 areas, 54 rules
• Federal land: the Natchez Trace, the seashore and the forests
• The Reservoir and the Coast's sand beach
• 299 towns: what the local codes add
• Riding under the influence
• Rebates: what Mississippi's utilities offer
• Our shelf against Mississippi's line
• Not an e-bike: motor scooters, motorcycles and dirt bikes
• Mississippi eBike laws at a glance
• Which rule applies to you
• What the AI answers get wrong about Mississippi
• What a Mississippi e-bike ticket costs
• A Mississippi e-bike checklist
• If an officer stops you
• How Mississippi compares with its neighbors
• What changed, 2010 to 2026
• Where to read next
• The bottom line
• Why buy a Mississippi-legal e-bike from us
• Frequently asked questions

How we verified this guide

Mississippi's official code is published by a private vendor behind a session viewer that no page can link, so every state rule below is quoted from the enacted act that last printed it, on the Legislature's own bill site, and each "last" was proved by reading all 2,910 acts the Governor signed from 2019 through 2026 for the sections they touched.

All 28,654 measures filed in 13 sessions from 2019 through 2026 were listed from the Legislature's own records and the text of 27,796 read for e-bike terms; the other 858 publish no text, 853 of them Senate confirmations.

The local layer covers all 299 incorporated towns, cities and villages, and every town rule we name was re-read at its publisher on September 29, 2026. All 54 wildlife management area rule sheets on the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks site were read the same day.

Figures for the bikes we sell come from our own 217 listings, and each pick's price, stock and specification were read at its maker's US store on September 29, 2026.

Are e-bikes legal in Mississippi?

Yes, on every public road and in every class, with no paperwork, as long as the machine fits the state's definition. Two sections do the work: § 63-3-103(l) defines the electric bicycle, and § 63-3-1315, created by the 2021 act, sets its rules.

Subsection (1) of that section puts you in the cyclist's seat: "an electric bicycle or an operator of an electric bicycle shall be afforded all the rights and privileges, and be subject to all of the duties, of a bicycle or the rider of a bicycle." It adds a sentence that matters later on this page: "An electric bicycle is a vehicle to the same extent as a bicycle."

Subsection (2) then lifts the motor-vehicle load off you. You are "not subject to the provisions of this code relating to financial responsibility, driver's licenses, registration, certificates of title, off-road vehicles, dirt bikes, all-terrain vehicles and license plates," and "An electric bicycle is not a motor vehicle" (§ 63-3-1315(2)).

What Mississippi counts as an electric bicycle

Read the definition one clause at a time, because a bike can fail any of them. Section 63-3-103(l), as the 2023 act last printed it, says: "'Electric bicycle' means a bicycle or tricycle equipped with fully operable pedals, a saddle or seat for the rider, and an electric motor of less than seven hundred fifty (750) watts that meets the requirements of one (1) of the following three (3) classes."

The classes sit in the same paragraph of § 63-3-103(l). A Class 1 motor "provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling" and "ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of twenty (20) miles per hour."

A Class 2 motor (§ 63-3-103(l)(ii)) "may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle" and "is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of twenty (20) miles per hour." Class 3 is pedal assist only, to 28 mph.

Less than 750 watts: 750 itself is out

The word is "less." A motor rated at 749 watts clears § 63-3-103(l), and one rated at 750 does not, because the line is exclusive.

Plenty of bikes sit on that exact number. Of our 217 e-bike listings, 76 are rated at exactly 750 watts, more than a third of the shelf, and each is outside Mississippi's definition on its rating alone. Across all 217, 37 are rated under 750 watts, 76 at exactly 750, 95 above it, and 9 print no rating.

The 76 listings rated at exactly 750 watts are outside Mississippi's definition because the statute says "less than."

The same word governs the whole region. Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and Tennessee each write "less than" 750 watts too, so a 750-watt bike that fails in Jackson also fails in Mobile, Memphis, Monroe and Little Rock; the neighbors section quotes each statute.

Rated or peak? The words stop short

Many listings print two motor figures, a continuous rating and a short burst they call peak. The definition says "an electric motor of less than seven hundred fifty (750) watts" and never says which figure it means.

On the rating, a motor sold as 500 W with an 800 W peak is well inside. On the peak, the same motor is outside. We found no Mississippi court decision on it, so we publish it both ways. If you want no argument, pick a bike whose maker prints no peak at or above 750; each of our picks says which figures its maker prints.

Trikes are e-bikes here

"A bicycle or tricycle" brings adult electric trikes inside § 63-3-103(l). A three-wheeler with pedals, a seat, a motor under 750 watts and a 20 mph cutoff rides with a cyclist's rights and needs no tag.

Four of the 20 listings on our shelf that fit Mississippi's definition are trikes, and two of our six picks ride on three wheels.

One motor, or two

Section 63-3-103(l) says "an electric motor," singular. A bike with two 500-watt hubs has no single motor at 750 watts, yet together they put out 1,000.

Section 63-3-103(l) does not say whether the limit applies to each motor or to the pair, and we found no ruling on it. Two dual-motor listings on our shelf fall into that gap, and our screen reports them as unsettled. A single motor rated under 750 watts avoids the question.

The class is part of the definition

The motor must be one "that meets the requirements of one (1) of the following three (3) classes" (§ 63-3-103(l)), so a machine has to fit one of the three classes to be an e-bike at all.

A throttle is the Class 2 feature, and Class 2 must stop assisting at 20 mph (§ 63-3-103(l)). A throttle bike that keeps pushing past 20 fits no class and falls outside the definition however small its motor. Buy a bike its maker sells as Class 1, 2 or 3, and leave its speed where it ships.

A vehicle to the same extent as a bicycle

Mississippi's traffic chapter sorts every machine by its definitions, and an e-bike lands in a slot of its own. A "vehicle" under § 63-3-103(a) is "every device in, upon or by which any person or property is or may be transported or drawn upon a highway."

A "motor vehicle" under § 63-3-103(b) is "every vehicle which is self-propelled," but the same sentence adds: "The term 'motor vehicle' shall not include electric personal assistive mobility devices, personal delivery devices or electric bicycles."

"Motorcycle" in (c) carries the same carve-out: "The term 'motorcycle' shall not include electric bicycles or personal delivery devices."

So when you read a Mississippi traffic rule, sort it by its subject. A rule for bicycles reaches you through § 63-3-1315(1), a rule for any "vehicle" reaches you on its own words, and a rule for "motor vehicles" does not. The helmet, sidewalk and lighting questions below all turn on that sorting.

The 2021 act, and the bills that died around it

Mississippi's e-bike law is one act: House Bill 1195 of 2021, by Representative McGee, which the Governor approved on March 17, 2021 and which took effect on July 1, 2021. It created § 63-3-1315, added the definition to § 63-3-103, and rewrote ten other sections so the e-bike stopped counting as a motor vehicle across the code, from the waste-tire law to the title law.

A Senate twin did not make it. Senate Bill 2483 passed the Senate that year and would have created a § 63-3-1314 to "classify electric bicycles as bicycles and not as motor vehicles"; it died on the House calendar on March 12, 2021.

A year earlier, Senate Bill 2717 of 2020 passed the Senate with a plan "to allow the operation of electric bicycles on all roads prescribed by the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks in wildlife management areas"; it died in a House committee on June 9, 2020. The department has since written e-bikes into its own area rules, as the wildlife management area section shows.

Since 2021 the definition has gained one numeral. The MS FAVE Act of 2023 reprinted § 63-3-103 and turned "one of the following three (3) classes" into "one (1) of the following three (3) classes." Four more signed acts reprinted definitions around the e-bike without changing a rule you ride under: personal delivery devices in 2022, off-road vehicle definitions in 2022, rental fleets in 2024 and ATV titling in 2025.

No act has amended § 63-3-1315 since it was created. We read every one of the 2,910 acts signed from 2019 through 2026 for the sections it touches, and § 63-3-1315 appears only in the 2021 act.

In 2026, five bills mentioned electric bicycles, each in definitions it reprinted, most of them the exclusions that keep the e-bike out of a motor-vehicle term: bills about insurance (HB 682), boat trailers (HB 687), off-road vehicles (SB 2265, SB 2628) and fire trucks (SB 2391). All five died in committee in February.

What your bike becomes past the line

Fail a limb and the machine does not fall out of the code; it lands in the motorcycle definition. For a pedal bike the rule comes down to one line: less than 750 W, or it's a motorcycle.

Section 63-3-103(c) makes a "motorcycle" of "every motor vehicle having a saddle for the use of the rider and designed to travel on not more than three (3) wheels in contact with the ground," and a self-propelled pedal bike with a 1,000-watt motor is exactly that.

Mississippi's traffic chapter has no moped class to catch it in between. The only small-motor category, the "motor scooter" of § 63-3-103(j), is written for a gas engine ("an engine of 50cc or less") and counts as a motorcycle anyway. Of our 217 listings, all 179 that fall outside the e-bike definition read as motorcycles on their published figures.

Insurance follows the same line: a bike inside the definition needs none, because § 63-3-1315(2) takes it out of the financial-responsibility law, and for a machine past the line, ask your insurer before you ride.

The endorsement is a separate test. Section 63-1-6(2) requires a temporary motorcycle permit first, open "at least fifteen (15) years of age." While you hold it you ride only under the direct supervision of a licensed motorcyclist 21 or older, with no passengers, no controlled-access highways and no riding from 6 p.m. to 6 a.m.

The helmet is a real one. Section 63-7-64 bars anyone from riding "any motorcycle or motor scooter upon the public roads or highways of this state unless such person is wearing on his or her head a crash helmet" meeting federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 218, the standard written for motorcycle helmets.

The tag and title laws follow the same path. The tag law's definition of "Motorcycle" covers every vehicle on three wheels or fewer "except electric bicycles, personal delivery devices" and tractors (§ 27-19-3, as 2024's HB 1286 printed it).

The title law's definition excludes only "a farm tractor, personal delivery device and electric bicycle" (§ 63-21-5, as 2025's SB 2803 printed it), so a pedal bike past the line reads as a motorcycle in both. If you own one, ask your county tax collector before you ride it on a public road.

License, registration and insurance

None of the three applies to a bike inside the definition. Section 63-3-1315(2) takes you out of the provisions "relating to financial responsibility, driver's licenses, registration, certificates of title, off-road vehicles, dirt bikes, all-terrain vehicles and license plates."

The general license law says the same thing from the other side. Section 63-1-5(1)(a) requires a license to "drive or operate a motor vehicle or an autocycle," and an e-bike is neither.

One town asks for something close to registration. Clarksdale's code still requires a city license for any bicycle "propelled wholly or in part by muscular power" (§ 5-1), words wide enough to take in a pedal-assisted e-bike; the town section has the details.

Age: 16 for Class 3, and nothing else statewide

Section 63-3-1315(8) sets the only state age rule: "No person under the age of sixteen (16) may operate a class 3 electric bicycle. A person under the age of sixteen (16) may ride as a passenger on a class 3 electric bicycle that is designed to accommodate passengers."

Class 1 and Class 2 carry no age limit in state law. Trails and land managers add their own: the Tanglefoot Trail requires e-bike operators to be 16 or older on Class 1 and Class 2 alike (2026 policy), as the rail-trail section shows, and 37 wildlife management areas open their marked foot trails to e-bike riders only from age 65.

If your child is under 16 and wants a fast bike, Class 1 or Class 2 is the lawful choice.

Helmets: none in state law, nine town rules

State law sets no helmet rule for e-bikes or bicycles. The only statewide helmet section, § 63-7-64, covers "any motorcycle or motor scooter," and "the term 'motorcycle' shall not include electric bicycles."

Towns fill the gap, and nine town rules reach an e-bike rider, four of them by name:

The first four name the e-bike, and each defines it as a bicycle with pedals, a saddle "and an electric motor" with no watt figure at all, so a 750-watt bike is covered there even though the state leaves it out (Brookhaven § 26-59). Their rules also bind whoever rents, leases or loans a bike, test rides included, to supply a helmet to riders aged 1 to 16 (§ 26-62).

Jackson's, Starkville's and Farmington's rules are written for bicycles, and Starkville and Farmington define the bicycle as human-powered. They reach you because § 63-3-1315(1) gives an e-bike rider "all of the duties" of a bicycle rider; that is our reading of the texts together, and we found no court decision on it, so wear the helmet in all three.

Tupelo's rule (§ 17-37) dates from 1974 and Clarksdale's (§ 19-43.1) from 1973, decades before e-bikes, but their words, a "two-wheeled, self-propelled vehicle," fit a two-wheel e-bike moving on its motor. Tupelo's also asks for "lights, both front and rear" burning "day and night." We found no court decision on either; wear the helmet and run your lights in both.

Nine more towns require a helmet on "motorized bicycles, commonly called 'motorbikes,'" or on words close to those: Canton, Columbus, Diamondhead, Greenville, Grenada, Indianola, Long Beach, Oxford and Laurel (Laurel § 13-76). Since state law says an e-bike "is not a motor vehicle," whether those rules reach you is unsettled; the town section links each one.

Labels, speedometers and tampering

Since January 1, 2022, § 63-3-1315(3) has required every maker and distributor to fix a permanent label showing "the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage," printed "in Arial font in at least 9-point type." Keep it legible; it is the document that proves your bike is an e-bike.

Subsection (4) binds you as the owner: "A person shall not tamper with or modify an electric bicycle so as to change the motor-powered speed capability or engagement of an electric bicycle, unless the label indicating the classification required in subsection (3) of this section is replaced after modification."

An unlock menu is where that bites. A bike shipped at 20 mph that can be raised to 28 from its display is a Class 1 or 2 as delivered; raise it without a new label and you have broken subsection (4), and raise a throttle past 20 and the bike fits no class.

Two more subsections of § 63-3-1315 set the build. Under (6) the motor must be "disengaged or ceases to function when the rider stops pedaling or when the brakes are applied," and under (9) "All class 3 electric bicycles must be equipped with a speedometer that displays the speed the bicycle is traveling in miles per hour."

Lights, brakes and bells

Mississippi's lamp rule is written for bicycles, and it reaches you through § 63-3-1315(1).

The Department of Transportation's summary of state bicycle law quotes § 63-7-13(4): "Every bicycle shall be equipped with a lighted white lamp on the front thereof visible under normal atmospheric conditions from a distance of at least five hundred feet," and "a reflex mirror reflector or lamp on the rear exhibiting a red light visible under like conditions from a distance of at least five hundred feet" (MDOT, Mississippi Bicycle Laws).

Tupelo asks for more: on a two-wheeled self-propelled vehicle, front and rear lights on "both day and night" (§ 17-37(c)).

Brakes come from the federal bicycle standard. Section 63-3-1315(5) requires every e-bike to meet 16 C.F.R. part 1512, whose § 1512.5(a) reads: "Bicycles shall be equipped with front- and rear-wheel brakes or rear-wheel brakes only."

A bell is fine, but leave the siren off. The same MDOT summary quotes § 63-7-65(3): "No bicycle shall be equipped with nor shall any person use upon a bicycle any siren or whistle" (MDOT).

Where you may ride

Section 63-3-1315(7) opens the map: "An electric bicycle may be ridden in places where bicycles are permitted, including but not limited to, streets, highways, roadways, bicycle lanes, and bicycle or multi-use paths." Off the pavement, whoever owns the ground writes the rule.

On the road

Ride as a cyclist, because that is what § 63-3-1315(1) makes you. Mississippi's road rules for cyclists come from the 2010 John Paul Frerer Bicycle Safety Act, whose § 2(2) gives a bicycle rider "all of the rights" and "all of the duties applicable to the driver of a vehicle."

Where you ride slower than traffic, stay "as close as practicable to the right-hand curb or edge of the roadway," except when that is unsafe, when passing, when turning left, when going straight where right turns are allowed, or when a lane is "too narrow for a bicycle and a vehicle to travel safely side by side" (Act § 4(1)). Ride no more than two abreast, except on paths set aside for bicycles (§ 4(3)).

Drivers owe you room. A motorist passing you "shall leave a safe distance of not less than three (3) feet" and keep it "until safely past the bicycle," and may not block a bicycle lane or turn right across you unless the turn "can be made with reasonable safety" (Act §§ 3, 5).

Signal with your arm: left arm straight out for a left turn, left arm raised to the square or right arm out for a right, and either arm down to slow or stop; you need not hold a signal when you need the hand to control the bike (§ 6).

Anyone who harasses you commits an offense under § 7 of the same act: "It is unlawful to harass, taunt or maliciously throw an object at or in the direction of any person riding a bicycle," punished by $100, then $500, then $2,500 and seven days in jail.

Stay off the interstate. The Department of Transportation says it in capitals: "BICYCLES ARE NOT ALLOWED ON ANY INTERSTATE HIGHWAY OR CONTROLLED ACCESS FACILITY IN THE STATE" (MDOT).

Sidewalks

Here state law pulls two ways, and we publish both. Section 63-3-1315(7) lists where an e-bike may go and does not name the sidewalk. Yet the 2021 act also rewrote the towns' street power, and § 21-37-3(2), as the Legislature last printed it in 2022, says: "Section 63-3-1315 shall govern the use of electric bicycles, as defined in Section 63-3-103, on streets, sidewalks and bicycle or multi-use paths."

Subsection (1) gives towns "full jurisdiction in the matter of streets, sidewalks, sewers, and parks," but only "Except as otherwise provided in subsection (2)."

Read one way, the state has taken e-bikes on sidewalks out of town hands, and a town sidewalk ban does not reach you. Read the other way, § 63-3-1315(1) gives you "all of the duties" of a bicycle rider, so a town rule that keeps bicycles off a sidewalk binds you through the state section itself. We found no Mississippi court decision on the point.

Our advice holds on either reading: where your town keeps bicycles off the sidewalk, keep your e-bike off it too, and where it does not, ride at walking pace and yield. Towns with sidewalk rules are listed in the town section.

Paths and trails

Paths start open. Under § 63-3-1315(7), a town, local authority or state agency that runs a bicycle or multi-use path may close it to Class 1 or Class 2 only "Following notice and a public hearing," and only "if it finds that such a restriction is needed for safety reasons or compliance with other laws or legal obligations." Class 3 it may close without either step.

Dirt singletrack is a different case. Section 63-3-1315(7) "shall not apply to a trail that is specifically designated as nonmotorized and that has a natural surface tread that is made by clearing and grading the native soil with no added surfacing materials," and its owner "may regulate the use of an electric bicycle on that trail." Look for the posted rule at the trailhead before you ride one.

The Tanglefoot Trail and the Longleaf Trace

The Tanglefoot Trail dropped its e-bike permit this year. The GM&O Rails-to-Trails Recreational District's policy effective March 13, 2026 says "Special Use Permits or Fees for Electric Golf Carts and Class 1 and Class 2 E-Bikes are not required," and its rules page says "Class 1 or Class 2 'E-Bikes' are permitted on the Trail."

The riding rules stayed: the e-bike "must be battery powered only," its operator "shall be at least sixteen (16) years of age," and it runs "at a speed not to exceed 15 miles per hour" (2026 policy).

The yield rule is stricter than most riders expect. You must yield to every other user of a mechanical device, bicycles included, "by pulling to the right, off the asphalt surface where reasonably possible, and at least 150 feet in advance, and coming to a complete stop" (2026 policy).

Class 3 is not on the list of what the trail permits, and the district's 2021 permit form said so outright: "Class 3 E-Bikes are prohibited" (2021 form).

The Longleaf Trace writes nothing about e-bikes. Its rules bar "petroleum-propelled vehicles" and allow "Golf/electric carts" only "by special-use permit/decal." A battery bike is not petroleum-propelled and is not a cart, so on the words the Trace neither bans nor permits it; call the district before you ride one there.

State parks

The state park rules do not name the e-bike, and two of their sentences point different ways. 40 Miss. Admin. Code Part 6, Rule 1.2, revised in March 2023, says "Bicycles are permitted on state parks" and, in the golf-cart section, "The use of motorized play vehicles and any other motorized vehicle that is not a golf cart or LSMV or EPAMD is prohibited."

Read as a bicycle, which is how § 63-3-1315(1) treats it, your e-bike rides where bicycles ride. Read as a motorized vehicle, it is barred. The rule itself does not settle which, so ask the park office before you bring one, and ride it as a bicycle if the answer is yes.

Two bicycle rules in the same chapter apply either way: bicycles "shall be restricted from use after dark unless equipped with functioning headlights and reflectors," and cyclists "shall not travel park or roads more than two abreast" and ride "single file" in large groups (Rule 1.2).

Wildlife management areas: 54 areas, 54 rules

On Mississippi's wildlife management areas the e-bike rides with the ATVs. The statewide rule, 40 Miss. Admin. Code Part 2, Rule 1.1 (updated April 2026), says "No motorized, regardless of size or type, vehicles allowed off-road or on any roads blocked or posted as closed," and each area's own rule then sets electric bicycles beside ORVs and ATVs.

We read the 2026–27 rule sheet for all 54 areas the department lists on its site, and 53 of the sheets name electric bicycles; the 54th, Red Creek's, is covered by the Forest Service paragraph of Rule 1.2, which lists Red Creek by name. They fall into four groups:

Most areas let the bike haul out a deer or hog and nothing more; 37 of the 54, across all four groups, also open their marked foot trails to riders 65 and older.

Then comes a rule written for older riders. On 37 of the 54 areas, "electric bicycles may be ridden on marked foot-traffic trails only by users 65 years of age and older," in the words of the Black Prairie sheet and three dozen others. Muscadine Farms, which otherwise prohibits e-bikes, keeps that exception too.

Two areas print their rule two ways. Wolf River's own 2026–27 sheet allows e-bikes "on designated trails for hunting and fishing access only and for the retrieval of harvested deer or hogs only," while Rule 1.2 K.1 says "John Starr/Wolf River: ORVs/ATVs/electric bicycles are allowed for the retrieval of harvested deer or hogs only." Until the department reconciles them, ride Wolf River on the narrower reading.

On the Forest Service areas, Rule 1.5 hands access to the Forest Service and its Motor Vehicle Use Map, and Sunflower's sheet adds that riders must first "obtain an ATV/ UTV permit" from the Forest Service.

Federal land: the Natchez Trace, the seashore and the forests

The federal government holds 1,556,411 of Mississippi's 30,222,720 acres, or 5.1%, in the Congressional Research Service's count updated September 14, 2026. The Forest Service manages 1,190,990 of those acres, the Fish and Wildlife Service 211,668 and the Park Service 105,754 (Table 2).

National parks and the Natchez Trace Parkway

The Park Service's regulation turns on designation. 36 C.F.R. § 4.30(i)(1) lets a superintendent open "park roads, parking areas, and administrative roads and trails that are otherwise open to bicycles" to e-bikes, and (i)(2) says: "The use of an electric bicycle is prohibited in locations not designated by the Superintendent."

The Natchez Trace is the one to plan around. Its compendium opens the Chisha Foka Multi-Use Trail near Jackson to "cycling, walking, jogging, skating, skateboards, and non-motorized (non-gasoline powered) scooters," and nowhere designates an e-bike, on the trail or on the Parkway road.

Under § 4.30(i)(2), an undesignated place is closed to e-bikes. Call the Parkway at 662-680-4027 before you plan an e-bike ride on the Trace; the compendium page lists that number.

The Park Service proposed a single national rule on September 1, 2026. Bicycle Use in Park Areas would provide that "The use of bicycles and electric bicycles is allowed on park roads and in parking areas that are otherwise open for motor vehicle use by the general public"; comments close November 2, 2026, and until a final rule each park's designation governs.

National forests

Mississippi's national forests treat the e-bike as a motor vehicle. The National Forests in Mississippi said so on August 31, 2022: riders "may ride on open roads and motorized trails as identified on Motor Vehicle Use Maps (MVUM). E-bike use on non-motorized trails, however, is prohibited."

That follows the Forest Service's own rules: a motor vehicle is "Any vehicle which is self-propelled" (36 C.F.R. § 212.1), and where a forest has a use map, riding one off its designated routes is prohibited (§ 261.13). The Forest Service's notice of August 24, 2026 studies whether to exempt Class 1 from that designation requirement on bicycle trails; no rule text had been published by September 29.

Wildlife refuges

A national wildlife refuge keeps every vehicle to its designated routes, and an e-bike rider gets a cyclist's standing only where "the refuge manager determines that electric bicycle (also known as e-bike) use is a compatible use" (50 C.F.R. § 27.31(m)).

Answering a comment about Mississippi's Theodore Roosevelt refuge complex, the Service wrote in its 2026–2027 hunting rule that "All traditional bikes and e-bikes (in pedal-assist mode) must stay on maintained roads, trails, turnrows, fire lanes, power lines, pipelines, levees/earthen dams/dikes, or designated ATV/utility-type vehicle (UTV) trails."

The Reservoir and the Coast's sand beach

The Ross Barnett Reservoir counts your e-bike as a vehicle. The Pearl River Valley Water Supply District's Rule 1.4 defines "vehicle" to exclude only "nonmotorized devices designed to be moved solely by human power."

The same rule makes it unlawful to operate one on levees and dikes off their approved roadway, past a "No Vehicles Beyond This Point" sign, or anywhere that is "not paved, graveled or otherwise hard surfaced," and it adds that "Dirt roads are not considered 'hard surfaced' for purposes of this regulation."

So at the Rez, keep the e-bike on pavement and gravel. The District's campground rules add that "Bicycles are permitted on campground property" but not after dark "unless equipped with functioning headlights and reflectors."

On Harrison County's sand beach, the rule is short. The Sand Beach Authority's rules of the beach say "No motor vehicles, except those permitted by the Sand Beach Authority." Whether that reaches an e-bike is not settled by the words, since state law says an e-bike "is not a motor vehicle"; ride the beachfront path, not the sand, and ask the Authority before you do otherwise.

299 towns: what the local codes add

Mississippi has 299 incorporated places, 113 cities, 167 towns and 19 villages, home to 1,487,233 people, or 50.5% of the state's 2,943,045 in the Census Bureau's 2024 estimates. We accounted for all 299 towns: each code was read whole, each posted ordinance set was read, or the town was found to publish nothing we could read. A town with several rules sits in the row of its strongest one.

Two hundred thirty-one places, most of them small towns and villages, publish no code or ordinance online; together they hold 18.4% of the people who live in Mississippi's towns.

Why do bicycle rules count here at all? Because § 63-3-1315(1) gives you "all of the duties" of a bicycle rider, a town's bicycle rule reaches you on your e-bike through the state statute, even where the town code never mentions a motor. Where a rule is written for "motor vehicles," the opposite holds, since an e-bike "is not a motor vehicle."

The four towns that name the e-bike

Brookhaven, Hernando, Moss Point and Senatobia wrote the same article, a helmet rule for riders aged 1 through 16 that names the "electric assisted bicycle" beside bicycles, scooters and skateboards, with duties on parents, event organizers and anyone who rents or lends a bike; the helmet section has the text. Brookhaven adopted its version as Ordinance No. 214-2013 on March 19, 2013 (§ 26-61).

Two more cities name the e-bike only to leave it out of something else: Jackson's definition of an all-terrain vehicle "shall not include electric bicycles" (§ 14-200), and Vicksburg's scooter-rental article excludes them from its scooter rules (§ 16-395).

Sidewalks, town by town

Thirty-one towns keep bicycles or other wheeled riders off some or all of their sidewalks, and two more, Senatobia and Yazoo City, bar motor vehicles from them, as does a line in Long Beach's golf-cart section. Pearl (§ 38-503) and Vicksburg (§ 16-354) add that no one 15 or older may ride a bicycle on any sidewalk at all.

Parks, trails, beaches and piers

Tupelo's park rule is the widest: "motorbikes and all other propelled vehicles on park premises are hereby prohibited" (§ 20-1), which on its words includes an e-bike moving on its motor.

Speed, licenses and road rules

Two of those entries surprise riders. Biloxi's code, carried over from its 1959 edition, makes it "unlawful for any person to ride or propel a bicycle on the streets of the city at a greater rate of speed than ten miles per hour" (§ 20-2-5). Clarksdale's 1952 bicycle chapter requires a police license for any bicycle "propelled wholly or in part by muscular power," with a yearly metal plate stamped "C'DALE" (§§ 5-1 to 5-3).

Read literally, a pedal-assisted e-bike is propelled "in part" by muscle, and a Class 1 or Class 2 bike assists to 20 mph, twice Biloxi's figure. Both rules are in the codes as published today; in either city, ride to the local rule and ask the police department what it asks of an e-bike.

The 231 places we could not read

Of the 231, 136 have no town website we could locate by name or by the domain patterns Mississippi towns use, 81 have a website that posts no ordinances, 11 have a website we could not load, and three, Amory, Magee and Shaw, are listed by Municode with no code published.

Together they hold 273,828 people (Census Bureau's 2024 estimates). The largest are Richland (7,607 people), Philadelphia (6,938), Columbia (6,534), Holly Springs (6,472) and Amory (6,412), and our dataset names every one.

If you live in one, call city hall and ask for the sections on bicycles, sidewalks and parks; ask too whether the town has adopted anything on e-bikes since its code was last printed.

Outside the towns, 1,455,812 Mississippians live in the unincorporated parts of the 82 counties (Census Bureau's 2024 estimates), where state law and any county rule apply; county ordinances were outside this census.

Riding under the influence

Mississippi's impaired-driving law is written for any vehicle, and your e-bike is one. Section 63-11-30(1), as the Legislature last printed it in 2022, says "It is unlawful for a person to drive or otherwise operate a vehicle within this state if the person" is under the influence or at 0.08% or more, 0.02% for a rider under the drinking age.

A first conviction carries a fine of "not less than Two Hundred Fifty Dollars ($250.00) nor more than One Thousand Dollars ($1,000.00), or imprisoned for not more than forty-eight (48) hours in jail, or both," plus an alcohol safety education program within six months of sentencing (§ 63-11-30(2)(a)).

The implied-consent law is narrower. Section 63-11-5(1)(a) deems consent to a breath or blood test from "Any person who operates a motor vehicle upon the public highways," and an e-bike "is not a motor vehicle." Whether the test-refusal rules reach an e-bike rider is not settled by the words, and we found no Mississippi ruling on it. On either reading, leave the bike at home if you have been drinking.

Rebates: what Mississippi's utilities offer

No Mississippi utility we read offers an e-bike rebate, and the state's second-largest says outright that it will not. Mississippi Power's electric-vehicle page lists its rebates and adds: "Golf carts, fuel cell vehicles, electric bicycles, electric motorcycles, electric scooters and neighborhood vehicles are not eligible for rebates" (Mississippi Power).

We checked all 51 utilities that sell power to Mississippi homes on the Energy Information Administration's 2024 and 2025 lists and read the sites of 41 of them without finding an e-bike rebate; Mississippi Power's is the one that names the e-bike, to exclude it.

Entergy Mississippi, the largest with 460,181 customers, was read across 243 pages; Coast Electric, whose listed web address no longer resolves, was read at its current site, all 113 pages. The Tennessee Valley Authority's EnergyRight blog suggests "Rent or buy an e-bike" as a way to save, but its residential rebates cover heating, cooling and insulation.

Five small utilities' sites showed us three pages or fewer, Kosciusko's would not load, and Holly Springs, Macon and Durant post no electric-department website; if one of them serves you, call and ask. None of the 36 bills filed from 2019 through 2026 that mention the e-bike would have created a state rebate or tax credit.

Our shelf against Mississippi's line

We screened all 217 of our e-bike listings, as our catalog stood on September 29, 2026, against § 63-3-103(l), one limb at a time: motor rating, pedals, seat, wheels, top speed and throttle. Five listings that are not bicycles, three scooters, an electric balance bike and an accessory kit, stay out of that count.

Twenty of our listings fit Mississippi's definition on the figures they print.

Every one of the 179 listings outside the line reads as a motorcycle under § 63-3-103(c) on its published figures, because Mississippi has no moped class to catch it. If a bike you like is one our listing leaves undecided, write to us with the model and we will read the maker's figures for you before you order.

Six bikes that fit Mississippi

Each of the six clears the definition on its maker's rated motor, its pedals, its seat, its wheels and an assist that stops by 20 mph, and each fits a different kind of Mississippi rider. Two print only a continuous rating; four also print a peak of 750 watts or more, which matters only on the peak reading, and each card says so.

All six carry a throttle, so each is a Class 2 on the statute's own words. That makes them welcome on the Tanglefoot Trail for riders 16 and up (2026 policy), and keeps them within the Class 1 and 2 rules the Park Service sets at Shiloh's Corinth unit (compendium).

The CY20 Pro in black, in the photograph Samebike's US store shows for that color; the TÜV SÜD UL 2849 mark in the corner is Samebike's.

The TIGER JR in blue, in the photograph Qiolor shows for that color, on CHAOYANG 20 × 4.0 tires.

The CMB in Metallic Silver, in the photograph Vtuvia shows for that color, motor at the cranks.

The Hera in blue, in the photograph DWMEIGI shows for that color, with its wide rear basket.

The G30-CARGO 2.0 in orange, in the photograph Eunorau shows for that color.

The NEW-TRIKE 2.0 in Deep Crimson, in Eunorau's own photograph: backrest seat, front basket and rear deck.

Two picks ride on three wheels, the DWMEIGI Hera and the Eunorau NEW-TRIKE 2.0, and Mississippi's "bicycle or tricycle" counts both. For the lowest price, the Samebike CY20 Pro folds at $599; for loads, the Eunorau G30-CARGO 2.0 carries 440 lb. For the longest commutes, the VTUVIA CMB 8-Speed climbs through its gears, and on gravel the Qiolor TIGER JR rolls on four-inch tires.

Other models from the same five makers are on our store under Samebike, Qiolor, Vtuvia, Eunorau and DWMEIGI. If you pick one of them, check that its listing rates the motor under 750 watts, and ask us if you want the maker's figures read for you.

Not an e-bike: motor scooters, motorcycles and dirt bikes

Three kinds of machine sell beside e-bikes and fail Mississippi's definition on a limb. A pedal bike past the watt line reads as a motorcycle, covered in what your bike becomes.

A stand-up electric scooter has no "saddle or seat for the rider," so it is not an e-bike, and none of this page's e-bike rules protect you on one; towns write their own, as Vicksburg does for rental scooters, which its code defines by a standing deck and a 20 mph limit (§ 16-395).

An electric dirt bike without pedals fails the pedal limb and is a "dirt bike," "a motor-powered vehicle possessing two (2) or more tires, designed to travel over any terrain," under the off-road vehicle law, which says in the same breath that the term "shall not include electric bicycles" (§ 63-31-3, as 2022's HB 158 printed it).

On public property it needs a rider with a driver's license or a safety certificate, and a helmet on anyone under 16, with a $25 to $50 fine (§ 63-31-3(1)–(2)).

Mississippi eBike laws at a glance

The table below answers the questions Mississippi riders ask most, one line each, with the statute, rule or section that settles it, so you can open the source and read it yourself.

Which rule applies to you

Most riders fit one of the situations below. Find yours and you have the rules for your bike, your town and the ground you plan to ride, each drawn from a section above.

• You commute in Jackson. Every class may use the street with a cyclist's duties, the city requires a helmet on every bicycle rider at any age, and business-district sidewalks are off limits to bicycles.
• You ride around Oxford or Starkville. Starkville requires a helmet at any age and keeps bicycles off every sidewalk; Oxford keeps them off business-district sidewalks and asks for a bell audible at 100 feet.
• Your child rides in Brookhaven, Hernando, Moss Point or Senatobia. A helmet is required from age 1 through 16 on any e-bike, and no one under 16 may operate a Class 3 anywhere in the state.
• You ride the Coast. Biloxi's code still sets a 10 mph bicycle limit on city streets, the Harrison County sand beach bars motor vehicles, and Gulf Islands' Davis Bayou area allows e-bikes on its roads, the Live Oak Bicycle Route and the Park Road bike lanes.
• You want the Tanglefoot Trail. Bring a Class 1 or Class 2, be 16 or older, hold 15 mph, and pull off the asphalt and stop for other riders; no permit since March 13, 2026.
• You hunt a WMA. Read that area's rule sheet: most allow an e-bike only to retrieve a deer or hog or on designated access routes, and on 37 areas riders 65 and older may use marked foot trails.
• You plan to ride the Natchez Trace. The Parkway has designated no e-bike use that we could find, and under 36 C.F.R. § 4.30(i)(2) an undesignated place is closed to e-bikes; call 662-680-4027 first.
• You bought a 750-watt bike. Mississippi's definition leaves it out, so it reads as a motorcycle: a license with a motorcycle endorsement, a DOT crash helmet, and a call to your county tax collector about a tag.

What the AI answers get wrong about Mississippi

On September 29, 2026, we put ten Mississippi e-bike questions, each a search suggestion you may see as you type, to one AI search engine and checked every answer against the enacted law.

A retailer's blog was the first source listed for six of the ten. The Legislature's bill site appeared in five: three times as the introduced 2021 bill rather than the act as passed, and once, under the helmet answer, as a 2015 helmet bill that died in committee. Read any AI answer you have against this list, which gives the rule first and then what the answers said.

• Nine town rules put a helmet on an e-bike rider. One answer said there are "zero helmet requirements for regular bikes, zero for e-bikes, and zero for any age group"; Brookhaven, Hernando, Moss Point and Senatobia name the e-bike and cover ages 1 through 16, Jackson, Starkville and Farmington cover every bicycle rider, and Tupelo and Clarksdale any "two-wheeled, self-propelled vehicle" (helmets).
• A Class 3 needs no driver's license. One answer passed on that "you'll need to hold a valid driver's license" for a Class 3; § 63-3-1315(2) takes every class out of the license law.
• The watt line is "less than" 750, not "750 W or less." One answer wrote the inclusive version, which would put a 750-watt bike inside; it is outside (the watt line).
• E-bikes are not barred from every nonmotorized trail. One answer stated the national forests' rule as if it applied statewide; paths start open under § 63-3-1315(7), and each trail's owner decides.
• The Natchez Trace is not a designated e-bike route. One answer called the Parkway "ideal for e-bike exploration"; we found no designation, and the federal rule closes undesignated places (federal land).
• There is no Mississippi e-bike rebate. One answer promised "typical savings of $300–$1,200 depending on program and income tier"; no utility we read offers one, and Mississippi Power excludes e-bikes by name (rebates).

None of the ten answers mentioned the wildlife management area rules, the Tanglefoot Trail's March 2026 change, any town's helmet code by name, or Biloxi's 10 mph bicycle limit.

What a Mississippi e-bike ticket costs

A violation of the traffic chapters is a misdemeanor, and where no other penalty is written, § 63-9-11(2), last amended in 2005, sets the scale: "a fine of not more than One Hundred Dollars ($100.00) or by imprisonment for not more than ten (10) days" on a first conviction, up to $200 or 20 days on a second within a year, and up to $500, six months, or both on a third.

A Mississippi e-bike checklist

Nine checks cover what Mississippi asks of you and your bike, each resting on a statute, rule or town code quoted above.

• A motor rated under 750 watts. 749 is in; 750 is out.
• Pedals, a seat, two or three wheels, and assist that stops at 20 mph (Class 1 or 2) or at 28 mph while you pedal (Class 3).
• The maker's label with class, top assisted speed and wattage, and no speed change without a new label.
• A speedometer if the bike is a Class 3, and a rider 16 or older.
• A white front light and a red rear light or reflector, each visible 500 feet, and no siren or whistle.
• A helmet on the kids in Brookhaven, Hernando, Moss Point and Senatobia, on everyone in Jackson, Starkville and Farmington, and ideally everywhere.
• Your town's sidewalk rule, and off every interstate.
• The land manager's rule before a trail: Tanglefoot Class 1 or 2 only, WMAs area by area, national forests on motorized routes, and a call before the Natchez Trace.
• Sober riding: the impaired-driving law covers "a vehicle."

If an officer stops you

Stop, stay calm, and have the bike's facts ready. An e-bike needs no license, registration or insurance under § 63-3-1315(2), so the document that matters is the maker's label, with "the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage" (§ 63-3-1315(3)). Keep it legible, and keep a photo of the maker's specification page on your phone.

A citation names the section it charges. State rules are in Title 63 of the Mississippi Code, cited on this page to the acts that last printed them, and town rules are in the codes linked from the town section.

How Mississippi compares with its neighbors

All four of Mississippi's neighbors draw the watt line the same way, with the word "less," so a bike rated at exactly 750 watts is outside the e-bike definition from Memphis to Mobile and from Monroe to Little Rock.

A 750-watt bike is outside the line in sixteen other states that write "less than": Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Missouri, New Hampshire, New York, Ohio, Tennessee, Vermont and Wyoming. It is outside as well under the "fewer than" of Texas and West Virginia, and in Connecticut until October 1, 2026, the day its statute switches to "not more than."

Ride into a state that writes the figure inclusively and the same bike is an e-bike: "not more than" in Georgia, Iowa, Minnesota, Nevada, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania and Utah, "or less" in Maryland, Massachusetts, South Dakota and Wisconsin, and "no more than" in Hawaii, North Carolina and Washington, with Virginia measuring the motor's "input" and South Carolina adding "or one horsepower."

It counts, too, where the words are "not exceeding" (Colorado and New Mexico), "not greater than" (Indiana and Michigan), "does not exceed" (California), "or fewer" (North Dakota) or "less than or equal to" (Delaware).

The rest need a closer read. Nebraska pairs "not exceeding seven hundred fifty watts" with a one-brake-horsepower cap, Rhode Island writes its limit as "not more than two (2) (S.A.E.) horsepower," the District of Columbia, Montana, New Jersey and Oregon set no watt figure at all, and Alaska and Kentucky define no electric bicycle. The national table quotes each one.

What changed, 2010 to 2026

Since the 2021 act, the rules you meet have changed at the trailhead, the WMA gate and the park boundary, while the statute has stayed the same.

The next dates to watch are November 2, 2026, when comments close on the Park Service's proposed bicycle rule, the 2027 legislative session, and any e-bike ordinance a Coast city adopts.

Where to read next

If your question runs past Mississippi, the pages below pick up where this one stops: the national table, the four neighbors, federal land, hunting, mopeds, dual motors, and our reviews of two picks.

• Electric bike laws in every state, the 50-state table this page's row belongs to.
• The neighbors: Alabama, Arkansas, Louisiana and Tennessee.
• E-bikes on public land, the federal rules behind the park, forest and refuge sections.
• E-bikes and hunting, state by state, with Mississippi's WMA rules beside every other state's.
• Electric mopeds, if the bike you want is past the watt line.
• Dual-motor e-bikes, for the question "an electric motor" leaves open.
• Our reviews of the Eunorau G30-CARGO 2.0 and the Eunorau NEW-TRIKE 2.0.

The bottom line

Ride a bike rated under 750 watts, with working pedals, a seat and assist that stops at its class speed, and Mississippi treats you as a cyclist: no license, tag or insurance, and only one state age rule, 16 for Class 3.

Then check the ground and the town. Nine towns set helmet rules, 31 keep bicycles off some sidewalks, the Tanglefoot Trail takes Class 1 and 2 at 15 mph, the WMAs write their own rule area by area, and the Natchez Trace wants a phone call first. Our six picks all sit under the line on their makers' ratings; tell us where you ride and we will help you choose.

Why buy a Mississippi-legal e-bike from us

Every figure about our six picks on this page comes from the maker's own published specification, read on September 29, 2026, and each pick was screened against every limb of § 63-3-103(l). For any listing our screen leaves undecided, write to support@redtailebikes.com and we will read the maker's figures for you before you order.

Shipping is free on every electric bike to the contiguous United States, Mississippi included, and orders are prepared and dispatched within 1–3 business days, according to our shipping policy.

Support is based in the US, by phone at (213) 444-4020 or by email, before and after you buy, and a claim under the maker's warranty is walked through by that same team.

With Shop Pay, the $599 CY20 Pro could be paid in 4 interest-free installments of $149.75, and the $899 TIGER JR in 4 of $224.75. Picks over $1,000 pay monthly instead: the $1,399 CMB 8-Speed comes to 12 monthly payments of $126.27 at 15% APR.

Rates from 0-36% APR. Payment options through Shop Pay Installments are subject to an eligibility check and are provided by these lending partners: affirm.com/lenders. Options depend on your purchase amount, and a down payment may be required. State notices to consumers: affirm.com/licenses.

Frequently asked questions

Are e-bikes legal in Mississippi?

Yes. You may ride every class on public roads, with a bicycle rider's rights and duties under § 63-3-1315(1), as long as your bike has pedals, a seat, two or three wheels, a motor under 750 watts and a class speed under § 63-3-103(l). On trails, in parks and in wildlife areas, you follow whoever runs them.

Are e-bikes street legal in Mississippi?

Yes. Section 63-3-1315(7) lets you ride "streets, highways, roadways, bicycle lanes, and bicycle or multi-use paths," with no tag or plate. Interstates and other controlled-access highways are the exception: the Department of Transportation says bicycles are not allowed on them.

Does Mississippi require e-bike registration or a license?

No. You are "not subject to the provisions of this code relating to financial responsibility, driver's licenses, registration, certificates of title" or license plates when you ride an e-bike (§ 63-3-1315(2)). If your bike is rated at 750 watts or more, it reads as a motorcycle, and you need a license with a motorcycle endorsement.

What is the motor watt limit for e-bikes in Mississippi?

Less than 750 watts. The statute says "an electric motor of less than seven hundred fifty (750) watts" (§ 63-3-103(l)), so if your motor is rated at exactly 750 watts, your bike is outside the definition.

What is the legal e-bike speed limit in Mississippi?

The class sets it: Class 1 and Class 2 stop assisting at 20 mph, and Class 3 at 28 mph while you pedal. You follow the posted limit like any cyclist, and some places set lower ones: 15 mph on the Tanglefoot Trail (2026 policy), and 10 mph for bicycles on Biloxi's city streets under a 1959 rule still in its code (§ 20-2-5).

Are Class 2 throttle e-bikes legal in Mississippi?

Yes. Class 2 is one of the three classes in § 63-3-103(l), defined as a motor that "may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle" and stops assisting at 20 mph. Your throttle must not push you past 20 mph; if it does, your bike fits no class.

Is there a minimum age to ride an e-bike in Mississippi?

Only for Class 3: "No person under the age of sixteen (16) may operate a class 3 electric bicycle," though a child may ride as a passenger on one built for passengers (§ 63-3-1315(8)). The Tanglefoot Trail requires every e-bike rider to be 16.

Are helmets required for e-bike riders in Mississippi?

Not by state law. Brookhaven, Hernando, Moss Point and Senatobia require them from age 1 through 16, Jackson, Starkville and Farmington require them for every bicycle rider, and Tupelo and Clarksdale require a crash helmet on any two-wheeled self-propelled vehicle (helmets). If you ride without one in those towns, you risk a citation.

Can I ride an e-bike on Mississippi sidewalks?

It depends on your town. State law points both ways for you, as the sidewalk section explains, and 31 towns keep bicycles off some or all of their sidewalks. Where your town bans bicycles there, keep your e-bike off too.

Can I ride an e-bike on Mississippi interstates?

No. The Department of Transportation's summary of state bicycle law says bicycles are not allowed on any interstate highway or controlled-access facility, and an e-bike rides with a bicycle's duties.

Are e-bikes allowed on Mississippi state park trails?

The state park rules do not say. They permit bicycles and prohibit "any other motorized vehicle that is not a golf cart or LSMV or EPAMD," and never name the e-bike (40 Miss. Admin. Code Part 6, Rule 1.2). Ask the park office before you bring yours.

Are there e-bike rules for national parks in Mississippi?

Yes, park by park. Vicksburg and Natchez allow e-bikes wherever bicycles go, Gulf Islands allows them on its roads and named bike routes but not its beaches, Shiloh's Corinth unit allows Class 1 and 2, and the Natchez Trace Parkway has designated none that we found (federal land).

Which trails allow Class 3 e-bikes in Mississippi?

Paths start open to Class 3 under § 63-3-1315(7), but any path's owner may close them without a hearing. The Tanglefoot Trail permits only Class 1 and 2, and Shiloh's Corinth unit names only Class 1 and 2, so check the trailhead before you ride a Class 3.

What local city ordinances exist for e-bikes in Mississippi?

Four towns name the e-bike, all in a youth helmet rule: Brookhaven, Hernando, Moss Point and Senatobia. Forty-one more have bicycle or wheeled-vehicle rules that reach you, from sidewalk bans to Biloxi's 10 mph bicycle limit (§ 20-2-5); the town section links every one.

What are the fines for violating Mississippi e-bike laws?

Where no other penalty is written, up to $100 or 10 days on a first conviction, $200 or 20 days on a second within a year, and $500, six months, or both on a third (§ 63-9-11(2)). If you ride impaired, a first offense costs you $250 to $1,000.

Do you need a motorcycle license for a moped in Mississippi?

Mississippi's traffic chapter has no moped class; a motor scooter counts as a motorcycle, and so does a pedal bike past the e-bike line. Either needs a license "with a motorcycle endorsement upon it" under § 63-1-6(1). A bike inside the e-bike definition needs no license at all.

Are electric scooters street legal in Mississippi?

A stand-up electric scooter is not an e-bike, because it has no "saddle or seat for the rider," so this page's e-bike rules do not cover it. Towns write their own scooter rules, as Vicksburg does for rental scooters (§ 16-395); ask your city before you ride one.

Does Mississippi offer an e-bike rebate?

No. We read the sites of Mississippi's electric utilities and found no e-bike rebate, and Mississippi Power says "electric bicycles" are "not eligible for rebates" (rebates). Your saving is the price: our six picks start at $599, with free shipping to Mississippi.

How do Mississippi's e-bike laws differ from Alabama's?

The watt line is the same, "less than" 750 watts in both (Ala. Code § 32-1-1.1), so a 750-watt bike is outside in each. Your helmet, age and trail rules differ by state and town; our Alabama guide sets out Alabama's in full.

What this page does not cover

County ordinances were outside this census, which covered Mississippi's 299 incorporated towns, cities and villages; 1,455,812 people, 49.5% of the state, live outside them, where state law and any county rule apply.

Private land open to the public follows the owner's terms. Tribal law on the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians' lands is not covered, and nothing here is legal advice for a particular dispute. The 231 places whose codes we could not read online are named, with the reason for each, in our local ledger.

How we verified this guide, in detail

Written by Milad Ghobadibeygvand, BScN (Western University, 2014), who writes this journal and reviews the bikes for it. Our evidence on this page is data and math: every figure about our six picks is verified against the maker's published specification, and all 217 of our listings are screened against each limb of § 63-3-103(l) on the date stated.

Every rule is quoted from its primary source: the enacted acts on the Legislature's bill site, the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks' own rule sheets, the eCFR and the Federal Register, each park's and forest's own page, each trail district's own rules, and each town's code at its own publisher. No rule on the page rests on a summary, a competitor's guide or an AI answer.

The instruments behind the page are re-runnable. They list all 28,654 measures filed from 2019 through 2026 and read the text of 27,796, and read every one of the 2,910 acts signed from 2019 through 2026 for the code sections it changed.

They also read all 54 WMA rule sheets, build a census of all 299 towns with every quoted rule asserted against its saved text, and screen all 217 of our e-bike listings against the statute's limbs.

First-party datasets published with this guide:

• research/state-laws/mississippi/ms-local-ledger_20260929.csv: all 299 towns, population, code status and every rule found
• research/state-laws/mississippi/ms-legal-product-screen_20260929.csv: our 217 e-bike listings against § 63-3-103(l)
• research/state-laws/mississippi/ms-legislative-sweep_20260929.csv: all 28,654 measures filed from 2019 through 2026
• research/state-laws/mississippi/ms-section-chain_20260929.csv: the code sections changed by each of 2,910 signed acts
• research/state-laws/mississippi/ms-wma-ebike-summary_20260929.csv: all 54 wildlife management areas and their e-bike rules
• research/state-laws/mississippi/ms-utility-ebike-rebates_20260929.csv: all 51 electric utilities checked for an e-bike rebate
• research/state-laws/mississippi/ms-picks-maker-specs_20260929.json: each pick's price, stock and specification at its maker
• research/state-laws/mississippi/ms-caselaw-search_20260929.json: the search of Mississippi court decisions behind each open question on this page
• keywords/harvest/mississippi-ebike-laws_20260929.csv: the 1,720-row demand harvest behind this page's questions

Corrections go to support@redtailebikes.com, and we publish them.

Last verified: September 29, 2026. The enacted acts, agency rules, federal rules, park and forest pages, trail rules, town codes, makers' pages, our prices and stock, and the utilities' pages were all read on September 29, 2026.

The source register

Every rule on this page rests on a first-tier source you can open yourself. Two secondary sources are cited, each for what it alone publishes: the Congressional Research Service's federal land count, for acreage, and the Department of Transportation's bicycle-law summary, for the lamp and siren sections and its own interstate statement. Every source in the register was read on September 29, 2026.

Limitations

Each limit below is a question the record leaves open, with what would close it. Where one touches your bike or your ride, the section above that covers it tells you what to do in the meantime.

1. Whether "less than seven hundred fifty (750) watts" means a motor's rating or its peak is not settled by the statute or by any Mississippi ruling we found; the picks are chosen on the rated reading and each card states its peak. Expires when a Mississippi court, the Legislature or an agency answers it.
2. Whether a dual-motor bike's limb counts each motor or the pair is not settled; two listings are reported as unsettled. Expires on the same terms.
3. Whether town sidewalk rules reach e-bike riders, given § 21-37-3(2), and whether the implied-consent law reaches an e-bike rider, are unsettled, and each is published both ways. Expires when each is decided.
4. The lamp and siren sections, § 63-7-13(4) and § 63-7-65(3), are quoted from the Department of Transportation's summary; we could not reach an enacted act or the official code for either on September 29, 2026. Expires when either is read at the Legislature's own source.
5. The state park rules neither name the e-bike nor settle whether it is a bicycle or a "motorized vehicle" there. Expires if the department amends Rule 1.2 or answers in writing.
6. We found no e-bike designation for the Natchez Trace Parkway across its compendium and eight other Parkway pages; a notice posted elsewhere, such as on a sign or map, could exist. Expires when the Parkway publishes one.
7. Wolf River's 2026–27 rule sheet and the department's Rule 1.2 K.1 state its e-bike rule two ways. Expires when the department reconciles them.
8. Two hundred thirty-one towns, holding 273,828 people, publish no code or ordinance we could read online, and for the 16 that post separate ordinances we read what they post, not a whole code. Expires as each town posts its code.
9. A third-party meeting summary reports that Long Beach's aldermen discussed a micro-mobility ordinance on August 4, 2026; we could not confirm it in a city record, and the city's posted ordinance list showed nothing adopted on September 29, 2026. Expires at the city's next posted ordinance.
10. Tupelo's and Clarksdale's helmet rules, Clarksdale's bicycle license and Biloxi's 10 mph bicycle limit date from 1952 to 1974, and whether each reaches an e-bike is our reading of its words, not a court's. Expires when a court or the town rules on it.
11. Five utilities' sites showed three pages or fewer, one would not load, and three post no website, so their rebate status is unknown. Expires when each is reached.
12. Shelf figures are our listings' figures; 16 listings print too little to decide, and the six picks were read at their makers' US stores on September 29, 2026. Expires at the next price or specification change.
13. The AI-answer panel ran on one AI search engine on one day, and three commercial answer engines could not be read from our location on September 29, 2026. Of the 340 Reddit searches behind the demand harvest, 174 were refused by the archive's rate limit and are being run again. Expires at the next panel run and when those searches are read.

References

Every source below was retrieved and read on the date stated. Mississippi statutes point at the enacted acts on the Legislature's own bill site, agency rules at the Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Parks, federal rules at the eCFR and the Federal Register, and town ordinances at each town's own publisher.

1. Mississippi Legislature. House Bill 1003 (2023), Mississippi Fully Autonomous Vehicle Enabling (MS FAVE) Act of 2023 (as sent to the Governor), § 63-3-103(l); § 63-3-103(c); § 63-3-103(l)(ii); § 63-3-103(a); § 63-3-103(b); § 63-3-103(j) (approved 2023-03-28, in force 2023-07-01). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2023/html/HB/1000-1099/HB1003SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
2. Mississippi Legislature. House Bill 1195 (2021), Electric bicycles; regulate (as sent to the Governor), § 63-3-1315; § 63-3-1315(2); § 63-3-1315(1); § 63-3-1315(8); § 63-3-1315(3); § 63-3-1315(5) (approved 2021-03-17, in force 2021-07-01). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2021/html/HB/1100-1199/HB1195SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
3. Mississippi Legislature. Senate Bill 2483 (2021), Electric bicycles; classify as bicycles (as passed the Senate) (2021; died on the House calendar 03/12). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2021/pdf/SB/2400-2499/SB2483PS.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
4. Mississippi Legislature. Senate Bill 2717 (2020), Wildlife management areas; allow operation of electric bicycles (as passed the Senate), Senate Bill 2717 of 2020 (2020; died in a House committee 06/09). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2020/pdf/SB/2700-2799/SB2717PS.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
5. Mississippi Legislature. Senate Bill 2508 (2022), Personal delivery devices; regulate (as sent to the Governor), § 21-37-3(2) (approved 2022-04-18). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2022/html/SB/2500-2599/SB2508SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
6. Mississippi Legislature. House Bill 158 (2022), Off-road vehicles; revise definitions of (as sent to the Governor), § 63-31-3, as 2022's HB 158 printed it; § 63-31-3(1)–(2) (approved 2022-03-16). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2022/html/HB/0100-0199/HB0158SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
7. Mississippi Legislature. House Bill 1286 (2024), Motor vehicles; provide procedure for licensing rental fleets (as sent to the Governor), § 27-19-3, as 2024's HB 1286 printed it (approved 2024-04-20). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2024/html/HB/1200-1299/HB1286SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
8. Mississippi Legislature. Senate Bill 2803 (2025), ATVs & UTVs; require titling (as sent to the Governor), § 63-21-5, as 2025's SB 2803 printed it (approved 2025-03-18). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2025/html/SB/2800-2899/SB2803SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
9. Mississippi Legislature. House Bill 682 (2026), Motor vehicle insurance; establish limitations on recovery for owners failing to maintain. (as introduced), HB 682 (2026; 02/03 (H) Died In Committee). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2026/pdf/HB/0600-0699/HB0682IN.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
10. Mississippi Legislature. House Bill 687 (2026), Boat trailers; exempt from highway privilege tax, registration and tag requirements and ad valorem tax. (as introduced), HB 687 (2026; 02/25 (H) Died In Committee). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2026/pdf/HB/0600-0699/HB0687IN.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
11. Mississippi Legislature. Senate Bill 2265 (2026), Recreational off-highway vehicles; authorize operation on county roads subject to certain requirements and cap tag fees (as introduced), SB 2265 (2026; 02/03 (S) Died In Committee). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2026/pdf/SB/2200-2299/SB2265IN.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
12. Mississippi Legislature. Senate Bill 2628 (2026), All-terrain vehicles and recreational off-highway vehicles; allow tagging for operation on certain roads. (as introduced), SB 2628 (2026; 02/03 (S) Died In Committee). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2026/pdf/SB/2600-2699/SB2628IN.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
13. Mississippi Legislature. Senate Bill 2391 (2026), Motor Vehicle Warranty Enforcement Act; amend to include coverage for the public purchase of firetrucks. (as introduced), SB 2391 (2026; 02/03 (S) Died In Committee). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2026/pdf/SB/2300-2399/SB2391IN.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
14. Mississippi Legislature. Senate Bill 2598 (2021), Department of Public Safety; revise licensing (as sent to the Governor), § 63-1-6(1); § 63-1-6(2) (approved 2021-04-16). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2021/html/SB/2500-2599/SB2598SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
15. Mississippi Legislature. House Bill 111 (2015), Autocycles; define and exempt from helmet and motorcycle endorsement requirements (as sent to the Governor), § 63-7-64 (approved 2015-03-23, in force 2015-07-01). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2015/html/HB/0100-0199/HB0111SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
16. Clarksdale, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Clarksdale (Municode), § 5-1; §§ 5-1 to 5-3 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/clarksdale/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH5BI_S5-1LIRE Accessed September 29, 2026.
17. GM&O Rails-to-Trails Recreational District of North Mississippi. Golf Cart & E-Bike Policies, effective March 13, 2026, Special Rules for a Class 1 or Class 2 e-bike (2026-03-13). https://tanglefoottrail.com/wp-content/uploads/Golf-Cart-E-Bike-Policies-effective-3-13-26-.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
18. Brookhaven, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Brookhaven (Municode), § 26-60 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/brookhaven/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH26HESA_ARTIIIHEUS_S26-60HERE Accessed September 29, 2026.
19. Hernando, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Hernando (Municode), § 32-87 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/hernando/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH32MOVETR_ARTVHE_S32-87HERE Accessed September 29, 2026.
20. Moss Point, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Moss Point (Municode), § 24-209 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/moss_point/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH24OFMIPR_ARTVIIHEUS_S24-209HERE Accessed September 29, 2026.
21. Senatobia, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Senatobia (Municode), § 30-92 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/senatobia/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH30TRVE_ARTIIIHE_S30-92HERE Accessed September 29, 2026.
22. Jackson, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Jackson (Municode), § 118-191 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/jackson/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH118TRVE_ARTIVBI_DIV2PR_S118-191OPRIBEPAUPBIUNWIPRHE Accessed September 29, 2026.
23. City of Starkville, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances (municipalcodeonline, print view), § 11.14.02 (current codification, as read). https://starkville.municipalcodeonline.com/book/print?type=ordinances&name=11.14.02_-_Safety_Helmet Accessed September 29, 2026.
24. City of Farmington, Mississippi. Bike Helmet Ordinance (adopted February 20, 2018), Sections 1-8 (2018-02-20). https://www.farmington.ms.gov/sites/farmington/files/files/Ordiance%20Bike%20Helmet.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
25. Tupelo, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Tupelo (Municode), § 17-37; § 17-37(c) (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/tupelo/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH17MOVETR_ARTIIOP_S17-37TEESEOPVEOPWECRHEKELIDUOP Accessed September 29, 2026.
26. Clarksdale, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Clarksdale (Municode), § 19-43.1 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/clarksdale/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH19TRMOVE_ARTIIOP_S19-43.1RIOPTEEVEWECRHE Accessed September 29, 2026.
27. Brookhaven, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Brookhaven (Municode), § 26-59 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/brookhaven/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH26HESA_ARTIIIHEUS_S26-59DE Accessed September 29, 2026.
28. Brookhaven, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Brookhaven (Municode), § 26-62 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/brookhaven/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH26HESA_ARTIIIHEUS_S26-62RELELOBIELSIBIELPEASMODESKROSKSKSHMOFOSCSCHERE Accessed September 29, 2026.
29. City of Laurel, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances, complete (August 18, 2026), § 13-76 (PDF page 295) (2026-08-18). https://www.laurelms.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/CODE-OF-ORDINANCES-COMPLETE-08-18-2026.pdf#page=295 Accessed September 29, 2026.
30. Mississippi Department of Transportation. Mississippi Bicycle Laws (summary), § 63-7-13(4); § 63-7-65(3); interstate statement (undated). https://mdot.ms.gov/documents/Enforcement/Regulations/MS%20Bicycle%20Laws.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
31. Office of the Federal Register (eCFR). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 16 C.F.R. § 1512.5, § 1512.5(a) (current version, as read). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-16/chapter-II/subchapter-C/part-1512/subpart-A/section-1512.5#p-1512.5%28a%29 Accessed September 29, 2026.
32. USDA Forest Service, National Forests in Mississippi. E-bikes on the National Forests in Mississippi (news release), release text (2022-08-31). https://www.fs.usda.gov/r08/mississippi/newsroom/releases/e-bikes-national-forests-mississippi Accessed September 29, 2026.
33. Mississippi Legislature. Senate Bill 3014 (2010), John Paul Frerer Bicycle Safety Act (as sent to the Governor), Act § 4(1); Act §§ 3, 5; § 6; § 7; 2010 Act §§ 4, 5; 2010 Act § 7 (approved 2010-03-17, in force 2010-07-01). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2010/html/SB/3000-3099/SB3014SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
34. GM&O Rails-to-Trails Recreational District of North Mississippi. Rules & Regulations, General rules (as served 2026-09-29). https://tanglefoottrail.com/about-us/rules-regulations/ Accessed September 29, 2026.
35. GM&O Rails-to-Trails Recreational District of North Mississippi. Class 1 or Class 2 E-Bike Application (September 2021, superseded), I. Definition (2021-09). https://tanglefoottrail.com/wp-content/uploads/FINAL-E-BIKE-PERMIT-APPLICATION-Rules-Regs.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
36. Longleaf Trace. Rules & Regulations, Rules 2 and 3 (as served 2026-09-29). https://www.longleaftrace.org/rules-etiquette Accessed September 29, 2026.
37. Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks. 40 Miss. Admin. Code Part 6, Rule 1.2, Rules and Regulations for State Parks (rev. March 2023) (2023-03). https://www.mdwfp.com/sites/default/files/2024-04/40-miss-admin-code-part-6-rule-12-rules-and-regulations-for-state-parks-rev-3-2023-final-april.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
38. Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks. 40 Miss. Admin. Code Part 2, Chapter 1, Wildlife Management Areas, Rules 1.1-1.47 (2026-27), 40 Miss. Admin. Code Part 2, Rule 1.1; Rule 1.2; Rule 1.2 K.1; Rule 1.5; Rule 1.1 and area rules; Rule 1.1 (updated April 2026). https://www.mdwfp.com/sites/default/files/2026-06/40%20Miss.%20Admin.%20Code%2C%20Part%202%2C%20Rule%201.1%20Basic%20Regulations%20for%20All%20Wildlife%20Management%20Areas%20FINAL.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
39. Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks. 2026-2027 Regulations, Black Prairie WMA (rule sheet), OFF-ROAD MOTORIZED VEHICLES/ATVs (2026-2027). https://www.mdwfp.com/sites/default/files/2026-07/WMA%20Rules%20and%20Regs%20Brochure%20Black%20Prairie.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
40. Mississippi Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Parks. 2026-2027 Regulations, Wolf River WMA (rule sheet), OFF-ROAD MOTORIZED VEHICLES/ATVs (2026-2027). https://www.mdwfp.com/sites/default/files/2026-07/WMA%20Rules%20and%20Regs%20Brochure%20Wolf%20River.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
41. Congressional Research Service. Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data (R42346), Table 1 (2026-09-14). https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/R/PDF/R42346/R42346.23.pdf#page=13 Accessed September 29, 2026.
42. Congressional Research Service. Federal Land Ownership: Overview and Data (R42346), Table 2 (2026-09-14). https://www.congress.gov/crs_external_products/R/PDF/R42346/R42346.23.pdf#page=15 Accessed September 29, 2026.
43. Office of the Federal Register (eCFR). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 36 C.F.R. § 4.30, 36 C.F.R. § 4.30(i)(1) (current version, as read). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-36/chapter-I/part-4/section-4.30#p-4.30%28i%29 Accessed September 29, 2026.
44. National Park Service, Vicksburg National Military Park. Superintendent's compendium, § 4.30 electric bicycles (last updated June 18, 2025). https://www.nps.gov/vick/learn/management/superintendents-compendium.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
45. National Park Service, Natchez National Historical Park. Superintendent's compendium, § 4.30 electric bicycles (last updated July 16, 2026). https://www.nps.gov/natc/learn/management/park-compendium.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
46. National Park Service, Gulf Islands National Seashore. Superintendent's compendium, § 4.30 electric bicycles (last updated September 1, 2026). https://www.nps.gov/guis/learn/management/compendium.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
47. National Park Service, Shiloh National Military Park. Superintendent's compendium, § 4.30 electric bicycles (last updated June 6, 2026). https://www.nps.gov/shil/learn/superintendent-s-compendium.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
48. National Park Service, Natchez Trace Parkway. Superintendent's compendium, whole compendium (last updated July 8, 2026). https://www.nps.gov/natr/learn/management/superintendents-compendium.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
49. Federal Register (U.S. Government Publishing Office). Bicycle Use in Park Areas, proposed rule (91 FR 56095), the proposed action and DATES (2026-09-01). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-09-01/pdf/2026-17902.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
50. Office of the Federal Register (eCFR). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 36 C.F.R. § 212.1 (current version, as read). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-36/chapter-II/part-212/subpart-A/section-212.1 Accessed September 29, 2026.
51. Office of the Federal Register (eCFR). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 36 C.F.R. § 261.13 (current version, as read). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-36/chapter-II/part-261/subpart-A/section-261.13 Accessed September 29, 2026.
52. Federal Register (U.S. Government Publishing Office). Travel Management; National Forest System Lands, notice of intent (91 FR 54686), the proposed action and DATES (2026-08-24). https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/FR-2026-08-24/pdf/2026-17211.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
53. Office of the Federal Register (eCFR). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 50 C.F.R. § 27.31, 50 C.F.R. § 27.31(m) (current version, as read). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-50/chapter-I/subchapter-C/part-27/subpart-C/section-27.31#p-27.31%28m%29 Accessed September 29, 2026.
54. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Federal Register). National Wildlife Refuge System; 2026-2027 Station-Specific Hunting and Sport Fishing Regulations (91 FR 56290), comment response on the Theodore Roosevelt NWR Complex (2026-09-01). https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2026/09/01/2026-17895/national-wildlife-refuge-system-2026-2027-station-specific-hunting-and-sport-fishing-regulations Accessed September 29, 2026.
55. Pearl River Valley Water Supply District. Regulations Relating to Use of Reservoir Project Area (recompiled November 23, 2021), Part 203, Rules 1.3(c), 1.4 (2021-11-23). https://www.therez.ms.gov/sites/default/files/prv/files/PRVWSD-Regulations11-23-21.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
56. Pearl River Valley Water Supply District. Campground Rules (April 2025), Rule 6 (2025-04). https://www.therez.ms.gov/sites/default/files/Campground%20Rules%20April%202025.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
57. Harrison County, Mississippi (Sand Beach Authority). Rules of the Beach, motor vehicles (as served 2026-09-29). https://harrisoncountyms.gov/how_do_i_/find_learn_about/sand_beach/rules_of_the_beach.php Accessed September 29, 2026.
58. U.S. Census Bureau. Annual Estimates of the Resident Population for Incorporated Places, Mississippi (SUB-EST2024), Mississippi rows, 2024 estimates (2025). https://www2.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/datasets/2020-2024/cities/totals/sub-est2024_28.csv Accessed September 29, 2026.
59. Brookhaven, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Brookhaven (Municode), § 26-61 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/brookhaven/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH26HESA_ARTIIIHEUS_S26-61SPEVINBUNOLIRAEXDEPAEVHERE Accessed September 29, 2026.
60. Jackson, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Jackson (Municode), § 14-200 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/jackson/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH14AMEN_ARTVPA_S14-200DE Accessed September 29, 2026.
61. Vicksburg, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Vicksburg (Municode), § 16-395 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/vicksburg/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH16MOVETR_ARTICLE._XIIIELSCGP_S16-395DEEX Accessed September 29, 2026.
62. Pearl, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Pearl (Municode), § 38-503 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/pearl/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH38TRVE_ARTXIBI_S38-503RISI Accessed September 29, 2026.
63. Vicksburg, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Vicksburg (Municode), § 16-354 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/vicksburg/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH16MOVETR_ARTXBI_S16-354RISI Accessed September 29, 2026.
64. Batesville, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Batesville (Municode), § 10-1 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/batesville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH10MOVETR_ARTIINGE_S10-1SIIDBION Accessed September 29, 2026.
65. Canton, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Canton (Municode), § 33-237 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/canton/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH33TR_ARTXIIIMIDRRU_S33-237VEPRSI Accessed September 29, 2026.
66. Clarksdale, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Clarksdale (Municode), § 5-9 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/clarksdale/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH5BI_S5-9PRSIPARE Accessed September 29, 2026.
67. Grenada, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Grenada (Municode), § 30-94 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/grenada/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_CH30TR_ARTVIOPVEGE_S30-94VEPRSI Accessed September 29, 2026.
68. Indianola, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Indianola (Municode), § 52-297 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/indianola/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH52TR_ARTXIMIDRRU_S52-297VEPRSI Accessed September 29, 2026.
69. Long Beach, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Long Beach (Municode), § 34-352 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/long_beach/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH34TRVE_ARTXIIMIRU_S34-352VEPRSI Accessed September 29, 2026.
70. McComb, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of McComb (Municode), § 126-151 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/mccomb/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH126TRVE_ARTVOPVE_DIV1GE_S126-151VEPRSI Accessed September 29, 2026.
71. Moss Point, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Moss Point (Municode), § 36-35 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/moss_point/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH36TR_ARTIINGE_S36-35CLMOVEBIRIRIBISI Accessed September 29, 2026.
72. New Albany, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of New Albany (Municode), § 18-11 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/new_albany/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH18STSIOTPUPL_ARTIINGE_S18-11RIBISIPR Accessed September 29, 2026.
73. City of Starkville, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances (municipalcodeonline, print view), § 11.14.01 (current codification, as read). https://starkville.municipalcodeonline.com/book/print?type=ordinances&name=11.14.01_-_Generally Accessed September 29, 2026.
74. Tupelo, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Tupelo (Municode), § 24-3 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/tupelo/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH24STSIPUPL_ARTIINGE_S24-3RIBI Accessed September 29, 2026.
75. Booneville, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Booneville (Municode), § 28-3 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/booneville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH28STSIOTPUPL_S28-3BISKSIDEUSPRDEAR Accessed September 29, 2026.
76. Hattiesburg, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Hattiesburg (Municode), § 50-82 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/hattiesburg/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH50TRVE_ARTIVBIMIVE_S50-82BIETSIPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
77. Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Bay St. Louis (Municode), § 48-417 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/bay_st_louis/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH48TR_ARTVIIBITOVE_DIV2OP_S48-417RICESIROPRDUREPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
78. Brookhaven, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Brookhaven (Municode), § 46-357 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/brookhaven/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH46TRVE_ARTXIIIREBI_S46-357RISI Accessed September 29, 2026.
79. Cleveland, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Cleveland (Municode), § 66-611 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/cleveland/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH66TRVE_ARTVITEEVE_DIV2BI_S66-611RISI Accessed September 29, 2026.
80. Columbus, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Columbus (Municode), § 31-361 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/columbus/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH31TR_ARTXVIBI_S31-361RICESIROPRDUREPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
81. Corinth, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Corinth (Municode), § 20-499 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/corinth/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH20MOVETR_ARTVBI_S20-499RICESIROPRDUREPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
82. Diamondhead, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Diamondhead (Municode), § 30-328 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/diamondhead/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH30TRVE_ARTXBI_S30-328RICESIPRDUREPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
83. Greenville, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Greenville (Municode), § 6-432 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/greenville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH6MOVETR_ARTVIITEEVE_DIV2BI_S6-432RICESIROPRDUREPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
84. Greenwood, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Greenwood (Municode), § 34-210 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/greenwood/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH34TRVE_ARTVBI_S34-210RISI Accessed September 29, 2026.
85. Gulfport, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Gulfport (Municode), § 6-265 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/gulfport/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH6MOVETR_ARTXBI_S6-265RICESIROPRDUREPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
86. Jackson, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Jackson (Municode), § 118-174 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/jackson/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH118TRVE_ARTIVBI_DIV1GE_S118-174RISI Accessed September 29, 2026.
87. Kosciusko, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Kosciusko (Municode), § 19-74 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/kosciusko/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=MUNICIPAL_CODE_CH19TR_ARTIVBI_S19-74RISI Accessed September 29, 2026.
88. Natchez, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Natchez (Municode), § 74-426 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/natchez/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICO_CH74TRVE_ARTXVBI_S74-426RISI Accessed September 29, 2026.
89. Oxford, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Oxford (Municode), § 102-345 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/oxford/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH102TRVE_ARTXBI_DIV2OPRE_S102-345RICESIROPRDUREPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
90. Pascagoula, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Pascagoula (Municode), § 82-386 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/pascagoula/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH82TRVE_ARTVIBI_S82-386RICESIPRDUREPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
91. Petal, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Petal (Municode), § 32-209 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/petal/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH32TRVE_ARTVUNRURETRMOVE_DIV3BI_S32-209RISI Accessed September 29, 2026.
92. Southaven, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Southaven (Municode), § 9-205 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/southaven/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_TITIXMOVETR_CH4BI_S9-205RICESIROPRDUREPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
93. Long Beach, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Long Beach (Municode), § 34-615 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/long_beach/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH34TRVE_ARTXIXGOCA_S34-615GOCAOPRE Accessed September 29, 2026.
94. Senatobia, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Senatobia (Municode), § 30-2 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/senatobia/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH30TRVE_ARTIINGE_S30-2OPMOVESIOTPUPRNODEVETR Accessed September 29, 2026.
95. Yazoo City, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Yazoo City (Municode), § 21-11 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/yazoo_city/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH21TR_ARTIINGE_S21-11DRACSI Accessed September 29, 2026.
96. Jackson, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Jackson (Municode), § 90-3 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/jackson/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH90PARE_ARTIINGE_S90-3PASI Accessed September 29, 2026.
97. City of Laurel, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances, complete (August 18, 2026), § 4-34 (PDF page 63) (2026-08-18). https://www.laurelms.com/wp-content/uploads/2026/08/CODE-OF-ORDINANCES-COMPLETE-08-18-2026.pdf#page=63 Accessed September 29, 2026.
98. Wiggins, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Wiggins (Municode), § 26-57 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/wiggins/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH26PARE_ARTIIIMUPA_DIV1GE_S26-57UNAC Accessed September 29, 2026.
99. Tupelo, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Tupelo (Municode), § 20-1 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/tupelo/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH20PARE_ARTIINGE_S20-1USMOVEPAPRRE Accessed September 29, 2026.
100. Yazoo City, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Yazoo City (Municode), § 15-4.1 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/yazoo_city/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH15OFMIPR_ARTIINGE_S15-4.1ENUPGROPRECO Accessed September 29, 2026.
101. Booneville, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Booneville (Municode), § 32-3 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/booneville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH32TRVE_ARTIINGE_S32-3OPVEUPCEPAARPR Accessed September 29, 2026.
102. McComb, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of McComb (Municode), § 90-51 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/mccomb/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH90PARE_ARTIIIREPAPL_S90-51MOVEPAPR Accessed September 29, 2026.
103. Petal, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Petal (Municode), § 24-19 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/petal/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH24PARE_ARTIIPERIPA_S24-19UNOPMOVE Accessed September 29, 2026.
104. Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Ocean Springs (Municode), § 16-2 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/ocean_springs/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CH16PARE_ARTIINGE_S16-2MOVEPUBE Accessed September 29, 2026.
105. Pascagoula, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Pascagoula (Municode), § 94-1 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/pascagoula/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH94WA_ARTIINGE_S94-1BIPRPIPLWA Accessed September 29, 2026.
106. Biloxi, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Biloxi (Municode), § 20-2-5 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/biloxi/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH20TR_ARTIIOPVE_S20-2-5SAIC Accessed September 29, 2026.
107. Bay St. Louis, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Bay St. Louis (Municode), § 48-412 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/bay_st_louis/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH48TR_ARTVIIBITOVE_DIV2OP_S48-412DUKERIEXCARIABUSBIPARE Accessed September 29, 2026.
108. Corinth, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Corinth (Municode), § 20-494 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/corinth/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH20MOVETR_ARTVBI_S20-494DUKERIEXCARIABUSBIPARE Accessed September 29, 2026.
109. Gulfport, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Gulfport (Municode), § 6-260 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/gulfport/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH6MOVETR_ARTXBI_S6-260DUKERIEXCARIABUSBIPARE Accessed September 29, 2026.
110. Kosciusko, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Kosciusko (Municode), § 19-73 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/kosciusko/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=MUNICIPAL_CODE_CH19TR_ARTIVBI_S19-73RIROBIPA Accessed September 29, 2026.
111. Olive Branch, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Olive Branch (Municode), § 38-169 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/olive_branch/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH38TRVE_ARTVBI_S38-169RUROGE Accessed September 29, 2026.
112. Southaven, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Southaven (Municode), § 9-200 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/southaven/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CO_TITIXMOVETR_CH4BI_S9-200DUKERIEXCARIABUSBIPARE Accessed September 29, 2026.
113. Greenville, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Greenville (Municode), § 6-433 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/greenville/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH6MOVETR_ARTVIITEEVE_DIV2BI_S6-433EQ Accessed September 29, 2026.
114. Oxford, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Oxford (Municode), § 102-309 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/oxford/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH102TRVE_ARTXBI_DIV1GE_S102-309WADE Accessed September 29, 2026.
115. Vicksburg, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Vicksburg (Municode), § 16-346 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/vicksburg/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH16MOVETR_ARTXBI_S16-346BEBR Accessed September 29, 2026.
116. Meridian, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Meridian (Municode), § 23-63 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/meridian/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH23TRMOVE_ARTIIIOP_S23-63DRROLATR Accessed September 29, 2026.
117. Natchez, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Natchez (Municode), § 74-206 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/natchez/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICO_CH74TRVE_ARTIXSP_S74-206SPLI Accessed September 29, 2026.
118. Newton, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Newton (Municode), § 66-72 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/newton/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH66TRVE_ARTIIIBI_S66-72RIGR Accessed September 29, 2026.
119. Ocean Springs, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Ocean Springs (Municode), § 14-26 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/ocean_springs/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=CH14MOVETR_ARTIIBI_S14-26RIGR Accessed September 29, 2026.
120. Pass Christian, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Pass Christian (Municode), § 50-5 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/pass_christian/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH50PARE_ARTIINGE_S50-5VE Accessed September 29, 2026.
121. Picayune, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Picayune (Municode), § 90-153 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/picayune/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=COOR_CH90TRVE_ARTIVTRCODEGE_S90-153CITRENDESTHIWHMOIVNOVENOPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
122. Waveland, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Waveland (Municode), § 30-2 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/waveland/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH30STSIOTPUPL_S30-2CODUPA Accessed September 29, 2026.
123. Yazoo City, Mississippi. Code of Ordinances of Yazoo City (Municode), § 21-14 (current codification, as read). https://library.municode.com/ms/yazoo_city/codes/code_of_ordinances?nodeId=PTIICOOR_CH21TR_ARTIINGE_S21-14SAPE Accessed September 29, 2026.
124. Mississippi Legislature. Senate Bill 2095 (2022), Mississippi Medical Cannabis Act; create (as sent to the Governor; amends § 63-11-30), § 63-11-30(1); § 63-11-30(2)(a) (approved 2022-02-02). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2022/html/SB/2001-2099/SB2095SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
125. Mississippi Legislature. House Bill 1015 (2024), DPS; authorize inspectors to assist other officers (as sent to the Governor; amends § 63-11-5), § 63-11-5(1)(a) (approved 2024-04-20). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2024/html/HB/1000-1099/HB1015SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
126. Mississippi Power. Electric Vehicles (residential), rebate eligibility note (as served 2026-09-29). https://www.mississippipower.com/residential/products-and-services/electric-vehicles.html Accessed September 29, 2026.
127. Tennessee Valley Authority (EnergyRight). Residential rebates, program list (as served 2026-09-29). https://energyright.com/residential/rebates/ Accessed September 29, 2026.
128. Samebike. Product page (US store), specification and variant data (as served 2026-09-29). https://us.samebike.com/products/cy20-pro-portable-commuter-powerful-500w-electric-bike Accessed September 29, 2026.
129. Qiolor. Product page (US store), specification and variant data (as served 2026-09-29). https://qiolor.com/products/tiger-jr Accessed September 29, 2026.
130. VTUVIA. Product page (US store), specification and variant data (as served 2026-09-29). https://vtuviaebike.com/products/cmb-mid-drive-500-watt-electric-city-bike-vtuvia-ebike Accessed September 29, 2026.
131. DWMEIGI. Product page (US store), specification and variant data (as served 2026-09-29). https://dwmeigi.com/products/mg708-hera-urban-electric-tricycle Accessed September 29, 2026.
132. Eunorau. Product page (US store), specification and variant data (as served 2026-09-29). https://eunorau-ebike.com/products/g30-cargo Accessed September 29, 2026.
133. Eunorau. Product page (US store), specification and variant data (as served 2026-09-29). https://eunorau-ebike.com/products/new-trike-2-0 Accessed September 29, 2026.
134. Mississippi Legislature. House Bill 1130 (2005), Commercial Driver's License Law; revise to comply with federal law (as sent to the Governor; § 6 amends § 63-9-11), § 63-9-11(2) (approved 2005-04-20, in force 2005-07-01). https://billstatus.ls.state.ms.us/documents/2005/html/HB/1100-1199/HB1130SG.htm Accessed September 29, 2026.
135. Office of the Federal Register (eCFR). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 36 C.F.R. § 1.3 (current version, as read). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-36/chapter-I/part-1/section-1.3 Accessed September 29, 2026.
136. Office of the Federal Register (eCFR). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 36 C.F.R. § 261.1b (current version, as read). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-36/chapter-II/part-261/subpart-A/section-261.1b Accessed September 29, 2026.
137. Alabama Legislature (ALISON). Code of Alabama § 32-1-1.1, Ala. Code § 32-1-1.1 (current version, as read). https://alison.legislature.state.al.us/code-of-alabama?section=32-1-1.1 Accessed September 29, 2026.
138. Arkansas General Assembly. Act 956 of 2017 (Ark. Code § 27-51-1702) (Act 956 of 2017, as enacted). https://www.arkleg.state.ar.us/Home/FTPDocument?path=%2FACTS%2F2017R%2FPublic%2FACT956.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
139. Louisiana State Legislature. Louisiana Revised Statutes 32:1, R.S. 32:1(25) (current version, as read). https://legis.la.gov/legis/Law.aspx?d=88016 Accessed September 29, 2026.
140. Tennessee Secretary of State. Public Chapter 823 of 2016 (SB 1705, 109th General Assembly), § 2(4), codified at T.C.A. § 55-8-301, Pub. Ch. 823 (2016), § 2(4) (passed April 7, 2016). https://publications.tnsosfiles.com/acts/109/pub/pc0823.pdf Accessed September 29, 2026.
141. Office of the Federal Register (eCFR). Electronic Code of Federal Regulations, 36 C.F.R. § 4.30 (current version, as read). https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-36/chapter-I/part-4/section-4.30 Accessed September 29, 2026.

Image credit: the cover is the National Park Service's photograph of the Illinois Memorial at Vicksburg National Military Park (NPS / Brewer), its pixels unchanged, with the clear sky continued above it and the cover type set in-house. The six bikes appear in their makers' own product images, scaled only, and the charts are drawn from the page's own datasets.