What States Allow E-Bikes for Hunting? All 50 States

Alabama

Class split. Class 1 e-bikes under 750 W may be ridden only to hunt, fish, trap or camp, and only on roads the WMA map shows open to motor vehicles; no motor-driven vehicle, e-bikes included, may pass a locked gate, barricade or closure sign.

The rule reads: "Notwithstanding the forgoing, Class 1 pedal-assisted e-bikes equipped with an electric motor less than 750 watts are allowed when utilized for the express purpose of hunting, fishing, trapping, camping, or related activities; and when operated only on regularly used roads depicted on WMA map to be open for motorized vehicle traffic" (Ala. Admin. Code r. 220-2-.55(1)(t), (u), (s)).

• By class: Class 1: named and allowed for hunting on open WMA roads. Class 2 and 3: not named; as unlicensed motor-driven vehicles they are barred on the 19 areas listed in (t) (only Class 1 is excepted there) and held to the same hunting-on-open-roads use on the 15 areas listed in (u).
• Riding with a disability: A hunter with a mobility disability may ask in writing to use a motorized vehicle or other power-driven mobility device on the areas; the request is judged under the ADA and 28 C.F.R. § 35.137 (r. 220-2-.55(1)(s)).
• Penalty: Breaking a WMA rule is a Class C misdemeanor: a fine of at least $100 (§ 9-11-307) and up to $500 (§ 13A-5-12), and up to three months in jail (§ 13A-5-7) (Ala. Code §§ 9-11-307, 13A-5-12(a)(3), 13A-5-7(a)(3)).
• Current: The rule's own history shows it was published June 30, 2025 and took effect August 14, 2025.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Alabama e-bike law guide

Alaska

Area closures. Alaska sets no statewide e-bike rule for hunting land. Its controlled use areas close 'any motorized vehicle' to hunting use, including hauling hunters, gear or game, in named areas and seasons.

The rule reads: "the area is closed to the use of any motorized vehicle for hunting, including the transportation of hunters, their hunting gear, or parts of game" (5 AAC 92.540 (Sourdough Controlled Use Area and others)).

• By class: No classes: Alaska statute defines no electric bicycle. The Board of Game defines a motorized vehicle as a motor-driven land, water or air conveyance; no ADF&G page read says whether a pedal-assist e-bike is one, so treat it as motorized inside a controlled use area and ask ADF&G (5 AAC 92.990(a)(48); AS 28.90.990).
• Riding with a disability: A hunter with a disability may apply, with a physician's statement, for a written exemption from a methods-and-means requirement in chapter 92; the rule does not say whether a controlled-use-area vehicle closure qualifies (5 AAC 92.104(a)-(b)).
• Penalty: Breaking a Board of Game regulation is a class A misdemeanor (AS 16.05.925(a)), with a fine of up to $25,000 (AS 12.55.035) and up to one year in jail (AS 12.55.135), unless a listed exception applies (AS 16.05.925(a); AS 12.55.035(b)(5); AS 12.55.135(a)).
• Current: 5 AAC 92.540 was read in the Legislature's print view, which prints no amendment history, so no amendment date is given.

Arizona

Roads only. On Game and Fish wildlife areas, e-bikes ride only designated roads or areas, the same line as motor vehicles, except to retrieve lawfully taken big game; several areas ban both outright except for that retrieval, and some close their crop fields.

The rule reads: "Motorized vehicle and electric bicycle travel permitted on designated roads or areas only, except for big game retrieval as permitted under R12-4-110(H)." (A.A.C. R12-4-802(A)(2)).

• By class: No class split: the rule treats every electric bicycle alike (it uses the term 14 times and never splits by class); Arizona's vehicle code defines all three classes under 750 W (R12-4-802; A.R.S. § 28-101).
• Riding with a disability: A hunter with a severe permanent disability can hold a Challenged Hunter Access/Mobility Permit (CHAMP), which among other things allows using off-road locations in a motor vehicle as a place to wait for game; it does not mention e-bikes (A.A.C. R12-4-217(E)(3) (CHAMP)).
• Penalty: Breaking a Game and Fish Commission rule is a class 2 misdemeanor unless another penalty applies: up to $750 (§ 13-802) and up to four months in jail (§ 13-707) (A.R.S. §§ 17-309(B), 13-707(A)(2), 13-802(B)).
• Current: The Secretary of State's copy is supplement 26-2, current through June 30, 2026.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Arizona e-bike law guide

Arkansas

Class split. On a WMA every e-bike is a motorized vehicle held to open access roads and parking areas, except that a Class 1 may use trails and areas where regular bicycles are allowed; off a WMA, on other Commission property, Code 19.21 gives no Class 1 exception.

The rule reads: "It is unlawful on a WMA to operate any motorized vehicle including an electric or motorized bicycle: off any open access road and parking area; behind any gated, cabled or earthen barrier; where no road exists; on any trail, levee, or dam" (AGFC Code 20.19(A) and Exception L).

• By class: Class 1: where regular bicycles are allowed on the WMA. Class 2 and 3: motorized vehicles, open access roads and parking areas only. The Commission's 2020 release said the Class 1 rule reaches only the 61 WMAs it owns; on WMAs owned by others, the owner's rules decide.
• Riding with a disability: Holders of an AGFC Mobility Impaired Access (MIA) card may drive OHVs on designated mobility-impaired access areas at named WMAs (Moro Big Pine, Jack Mountain), and a special mobility-impaired deer hunt runs at Freddie Black Choctaw Island; none of this mentions e-bikes (AGFC Code 20.19, Exceptions B, H and J).
• Penalty: A 20.19 violation is a Class 1 offense: a fine of $100 to $1,000 and up to 30 days in jail (AGFC Code 20.19 (PENALTY: Class 1); Code 01.00-I).
• Current: The AGFC Code Book is stamped as of July 1, 2025.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Arkansas e-bike law guide

California

Banned. Every e-bike is prohibited on all CDFW lands, wildlife areas and ecological reserves included, except where a sign says it is allowed.

The rule reads: "Electric bicycles and motorized transportation devices (including but not limited to motorized bicycles, scooters, and carts) are prohibited on all department lands except where posted as allowed." (14 CCR § 550(c)(4)).

• By class: No class split: all electric bicycles are prohibited unless posted; the Department may open particular areas by posting.
• Riding with a disability: A hunter with a permanent mobility disability can get a Mobility Impaired Disabled Persons Motor Vehicle Hunting License (form FG1460) to hunt from a motor vehicle under its conditions; it does not open closed land and does not mention e-bikes. § 550 itself carries no disability provision (14 CCR § 251(b)).
• Penalty: Breaking § 550 is charged either as an infraction with a $100 to $1,000 fine or as a misdemeanor (up to $1,000 and six months under § 12002); CDFW can also eject a visitor for up to a year and revoke passes (§ 550(c)(5)) (Fish & Game Code § 12000(b)(16); § 12002(a); 14 CCR § 550(c)(5)).
• Current: The e-bike line, § 550(c)(4), took effect July 1, 2024 and has not changed since; the official database is current through Register 2026, No. 37 (September 11, 2026).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our California e-bike law guide

Colorado

Roads only. On State Wildlife Areas no vehicle or bicycle, motorized or not, may leave established roads open to public motor vehicles or designated camping and parking areas; CPW's own page says e-bikes follow the motor-vehicle line and are not allowed anywhere else on an SWA or on State Trust Lands it manages for access.

The rule reads: "To operate any form of vehicle, or bicycle (motorized or non-motorized) except on established roads open to public motor vehicle use or within designated camping or parking areas." (2 CCR 406-9, #900(C)(4) (Chapter W-9)).

• By class: No class split on wildlife areas: CPW says every e-bike is limited to designated roads and designated camping or parking areas where motor vehicles are allowed (in state parks, by contrast, Class 1 and 2 may use trails open to non-motorized biking). Some SWAs allow 'bicycles' on named trails; the rule does not say whether that reaches e-bikes, and CPW's page says it does not (CPW biking page (agency statement)).
• Riding with a disability: No statewide e-bike disability rule in Chapter W-9; individual areas carry their own, e.g. mobility-impaired hunters with a permit may use an OHV for hunting and game retrieval on the Woodard Unit (2 CCR 406-9, area rule for the Woodard Unit).
• Penalty: Using Parks and Wildlife property in violation of any Commission rule is a misdemeanor with a $100 fine (C.R.S. § 33-6-129(2) (2026)).
• Current: Chapter W-9's current version took effect September 1, 2026 (adopted July 16, 2026; Colorado Register, August 10, 2026).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Colorado e-bike law guide

Connecticut

Unsettled. Unsettled, published both ways: DEEP's WMA rule bars 'all other motorized vehicles' unless the Department designates the area, and allows bicycles except where posted against. It never says which an e-bike is; the vehicle code excludes electric bicycles from 'motor vehicle', but the rule's word is 'motorized'.

Advice that holds either way: ride only where DEEP has designated vehicle use, and ask the district office before riding a WMA trail.

The rule reads: "All-terrain vehicles, motorcycles, snowmobiles, and all other motorized vehicles shall be prohibited on any wildlife management area unless so designated by the Department." (Regs. Conn. State Agencies § 26-16-3a(b), (g)).

• By class: The WMA rule has no class split. Statewide, a Class 3 may not ride any bicycle trail, path or multiuse trail; Class 1 and 2 follow the WMA reading above (C.G.S. § 14-289k(c)).
• Riding with a disability: Disabled hunters who need ATV access on state land are told to call the Wildlife Division; the guide names no e-bike provision (DEEP 2026 Hunting and Trapping Guide, Hunting Opportunities for Persons with Disabilities).
• Penalty: Breaking a WMA use regulation (adopted under § 26-16) is an infraction, payable by mail. Infraction fines come from the Chief Court Administrator's schedule, which may set none below $35 or above $90; an infraction with no scheduled fine carries $35 (C.G.S. § 26-61(e); § 51-164n; § 51-164m(a), (c)(1), (e)).
• Current: The wildlife-area rule was last amended February 4, 2020.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Connecticut e-bike law guide

Delaware

Bicycle rules. On the Division of Fish and Wildlife's 20 wildlife areas, DNREC treats e-bikes as bicycles: ride only on roads or trails the current area map designates. Motorized vehicles are held to established roads and must be highway-licensed unless the Division issues a permit. On the three state forests, the Forest Service bans e-bikes outright.

The rule reads: "It shall be unlawful to ride horses or bicycles on, or allow horses to use, any lands or waters administered by the Division, except on roads or trails that have been designated by the Division for such purposes on current wildlife area maps." (7 DE Admin. Code 3900 § 8.4; § 8.1).

• By class: No class split: every e-bike rides only the roads and trails the area map designates.
• Riding with a disability: No vehicle-access provision for disabled hunters in the land rules; the Wildlife regulation sets special deer and turkey days for non-ambulatory hunters using a wheelchair, and allows motorized electric carts to haul gear or game if nobody rides them (3900 § 8.1.1 (carts); wheelchair seasons).
• Penalty: Breaking a Division land rule is a class D environmental violation: a fine of $50 to $100 plus costs, $100 to $500 for a repeat within five years; a first offense stays off employment background records (7 Del. C. § 103(d); § 1304(g)).
• Current: The Wildlife regulation's latest register entry is 29 DE Reg. 621 (January 1, 2026).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Delaware e-bike law guide

Florida

Class split. On FWC wildlife management areas, e-bikes may use only named or numbered roads, except that a Class 1 may go wherever the bicycle rules allow unless an area rule says otherwise.

The rule reads: "Electric bicycles may be operated only on named or numbered roads. Unless otherwise prohibited by specific area rule, Class 1 electric bicycles (as defined in Section 316.003, F.S.) are exempt from this restriction and may be used pursuant to regulations relating to bicycles." (Fla. Admin. Code r. 68A-15.004(9)(d)).

• By class: Class 1: bicycle rules (trails where bicycles may go), unless an area rule prohibits it. Class 2 and 3: named or numbered roads only.
• Riding with a disability: The Alternative Mobility Permit lets people who cannot walk, or cannot walk unassisted, drive or be carried by an ATV, ROV/UTV or golf cart on selected WMAs under regional conditions; it names no e-bike (FWC Alternative Mobility Permit (AMP)).
• Penalty: Breaking an FWC vehicle rule on a WMA is a Level One violation, a noncriminal infraction: a $50 civil penalty, or $250 for the same violation within 36 months (Fla. Stat. § 379.401(1)(a), (b), (d)).
• Current: The latest adopted version of 68A-15.004 took effect July 31, 2026.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Florida e-bike law guide

Georgia

Bicycle rules. On DNR wildlife management areas an e-bike that meets Georgia's electric assisted bicycle definition counts as a bicycle: open roads, designated trails and areas, and closed roads for hunter access. On WMAs on national forest land, only non-motorized bicycles leave the roads.

The rule reads: "Horses, bicycles and all motor vehicles, including off-road vehicles, are restricted to open roads. Provided, however, that horses and bicycles may use designated trails or designated areas; bicycles may be used on closed roads for hunter access" (Ga. Comp. R. & Regs. r. 391-4-2-.62(1)(c), (2), (8)).

• By class: No class split: any e-bike within the state definition (motor output not more than 750 W, Class 1, 2 or 3) rides as a bicycle; a bike over 750 W is not an electric assisted bicycle and is held to open roads like other motor vehicles.
• Riding with a disability: Vehicles and ATVs with handicap plates or placards may use closed roads the Department designates for handicapped hunter access, and a Department-issued OPDMD Special Use Permit opens other closed roads and locations named in the permit (r. 391-4-2-.62(3)).
• Penalty: Breaking the WMA rules is treated as criminal trespass under O.C.G.A. § 27-1-33, the section Georgia's own enacted law captions as covering noncompliance on wildlife management areas 'and acts constituting criminal trespass' (O.C.G.A. § 27-1-33 (caption and (a) as amended by SB 72, 2019)).
• Current: The WMA vehicle rule was last amended effective June 27, 2021.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Georgia e-bike law guide

Hawaii

Roads only. In Hawaii's public hunting areas, no motorized vehicle may leave the roads designated, built, maintained and opened for vehicles. DLNR's own rules define a motorized vehicle as one that depends on a motor, gas or electric, so an e-bike is held to those roads.

The rule reads: "No person shall operate any motorized vehicle (including, but not limited to motorcycles and all-terrain vehicles) in any hunting area, except on roads that are designated for their use which have been constructed, maintained, and opened for vehicular use." (Haw. Admin. R. § 13-123-22(4)(C)).

• By class: No class split: every e-bike depends on an electric motor, so on hunting land it rides only the roads opened for vehicles.
• Riding with a disability: DLNR issues disabled-hunter permits (crossbows; carrying a loaded firearm in, or shooting from, a vehicle or other carrier); the hunting rules give no vehicle-access exception to the road-only limit (Haw. Admin. R. §§ 13-123-2, 13-123-22(4)(D)).
• Penalty: Breaking a hunting rule is a petty misdemeanor. A first conviction brings a mandatory fine of $100 to $1,000, up to 30 days in jail, or both; a repeat within five years raises the minimum fine to $500, then $1,000. Administrative penalties can also apply (HRS § 183D-5(a); Haw. Admin. R. § 13-123-25; cap at HRS § 706-640(1)(e)).
• Current: The public-hunting-area vehicle rule was last amended May 9, 2015.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Hawaii e-bike law guide

Idaho

Roads only. Idaho counts an e-bike as a motorized vehicle, because Title 36 defines one as any vehicle propelled by electricity. On Fish and Game lands, motorized vehicles stay on designated roads and trails.

During the Motorized Hunting Rule season (August 30 to November 14 in designated units), hunters may use them only on established roads open to motor traffic and passable by full-sized automobiles.

The rule reads: "Operate any motorized vehicle, including over-snow use, except on designated roads and trails." (IDAPA 13.01.03.100.01.e; IDAPA 13.01.08.411.01; Idaho Code § 36-202(y)).

• By class: No class split: every e-bike is propelled by electricity and so is a motorized vehicle under both rules (Idaho Code § 36-202(y)).
• Riding with a disability: Holders of a Disabled Motor Vehicle Hunting Permit are exempt from the Motorized Hunting Rule and may use a motorized vehicle as the landowner or manager allows (IDAPA 13.01.08.411.02.a).
• Penalty: Neither vehicle rule is on the infraction list, so a violation is a misdemeanor: a fine of $25 to $1,000 and/or up to six months in jail (Idaho Code §§ 36-1401(b), 36-1402).
• Current: The Motorized Hunting Rule's use restriction carries a July 1, 2026 amendment date; the Fish and Game lands vehicle line dates from March 31, 2022.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Idaho e-bike law guide

Illinois

Bicycle rules. On all IDNR-owned, -leased or -managed property, hunting sites included, a low-speed electric bicycle is ridden like a bicycle: only on roads designated for vehicles, parking lots and posted bicycle trails, at no more than 20 mph on roads and trails and 10 mph in parking areas unless posted.

The rule reads: "It shall be unlawful for any person to ride a bicycle or low-speed electric bicycle as defined by Section 1-140.10 of the Illinois Vehicle Code [625 ILCS 5] on Department-owned, -leased or -managed property or facilities" (17 Ill. Adm. Code 110.165(a)).

• By class: No class split on IDNR land: any low-speed electric bicycle under the Vehicle Code definition follows the bicycle rule.
• Riding with a disability: Part 110, the land-use rule, carries no disability access provision for vehicles; its only disability text is a fee exemption for disabled veterans. IDNR's separate disabled-hunter permits were not read for this row (17 Ill. Adm. Code Part 110).
• Penalty: Violating a Department rule adopted under the State Parks Act is a Class B misdemeanor for each offense: up to 6 months in jail and a fine of $75 to $1,500. On any Department site a violator can also be arrested or removed (20 ILCS 835/6(7); 17 Ill. Adm. Code 110.180; caps at 730 ILCS 5/5-4.5-60(a), (e)).
• Current: § 110.165 was last amended effective September 24, 2021 (45 Ill. Reg. 12553).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Illinois e-bike law guide

Indiana

Class split. On DNR properties, fish and wildlife areas included, nobody may bike except on a trail designated for it; the rule adds that a Class 1 may use designated mountain bike trails, and DNR's published guidance opens roads, paved and hard-surface trails to Class 1 and 2.

In 2025 DNR declined a hunter's petition to open its properties to bikes and e-bikes off the trails for hauling game.

The rule reads: "(j) A person may operate a Class 1 electric bicycle on a trail designated by the department as a mountain bike trail." (312 IAC 8-2-8(d), (j), as quoted in NRC Agenda Item 4 (March 2025)).

• By class: Class 1: designated mountain bike trails, campgrounds, and natural-surface trails where mountain bikes are allowed. Class 1 and 2: paved multiuse and hard-surface trails and public roads inside DNR properties. Class 3: not named, so roads only under the vehicle code.
• Riding with a disability: DNR runs a permit process that lets people with physical disabilities reach areas with mobility devices, including motorized conveyances to hunt and fish where that would otherwise not be possible (NRC Agenda Item 4 (March 2025), DNR response).
• Penalty: Not confirmed. No penalty figure is printed here until the statute that attaches one is confirmed at its official source.
• Current: DNR's e-bike page still carries the natural-surface Class 1 line; the rule's allowance dates from LSA #23-538, and DNR restated its guidance to the Natural Resources Commission in March 2025.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Indiana e-bike law guide

Iowa

Unsettled. Published both ways: the Commission's rule holds motor vehicles to constructed and designated roads and parking lots on game management areas, but its definition of motor vehicle needs three wheels and registration, which a two-wheeled, registration-exempt e-bike lacks; DNR's 2026-27 booklet counts e-bikes up to 750 W as motor vehicles.

Advice that holds either way: stay on the constructed and designated roads and parking lots.

The rule reads: ""Motor vehicle" means any self-propelled vehicle having at least three wheels and registered as a motor vehicle under Iowa Code chapter 321, 321G, or 321I." (Iowa Admin. Code 571—51.8(1), 51.1; DNR 2026-27 regulations booklet).

• By class: No class split on either side: the rule's definition leaves out every two-wheeled e-bike; the booklet takes in every e-bike up to 750 W.
• Riding with a disability: A person whose impairment substantially limits walking may use a manual or power-driven wheelchair or scooter built for mobility disability on game management areas; any other power-driven device (the booklet names ATVs and golf carts) needs the area manager's approval first (DNR 2026-27 booklet; 571—51.1 ('Person with a physical disability')).
• Penalty: Breaking a game management area regulation is unlawful under § 481A.6, and the scheduled fine is $35 (Iowa Code §§ 481A.6, 805.8B(3)(c)).
• Current: The motor-vehicle definition carries ARC 9226C (effective June 18, 2025); the one later amendment, ARC 0557D (effective February 1, 2027), adds a trail-camera ban and leaves the definition unchanged.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Iowa e-bike law guide

Kansas

Unsettled. Unsettled, published both ways: KDWP's land rule counts 'electric or gasoline-powered two-wheeled vehicles' as motorized vehicles, held to department roads and parking areas, and bars unregistered motorized vehicles from department lands altogether; the wildlife-and-parks statute says an electric-assisted bicycle is not a 'motor vehicle'.

Advice that holds either way: ask the area manager before riding onto a wildlife area, and never leave the roads and parking areas.

The rule reads: "Motorized vehicles shall be operated only on department roads and parking areas, except as otherwise established by this regulation or posted notice or as approved by the secretary." (K.A.R. 115-8-13(a), (f)(1)-(2); K.S.A. 32-701(j)).

• By class: No class split on wildlife areas. In state parks, KDWP lets e-bikes that stop assisting at 20 mph (Class 1 and 2) use trails approved for bicycles.
• Riding with a disability: A person with a disability (disabled placard, plate or ID) may request an annual permit to use a motorized vehicle on named department lands and roads to reach recreation otherwise out of reach (K.A.R. 115-8-13(g)).
• Penalty: Breaking a wildlife-and-parks rule is a class C nonperson misdemeanor: up to one month in jail and a fine of up to $500. A second wildlife conviction carries a fine of at least $250, a third at least $300, and a fourth or later at least $400 plus seven days in jail. KDWP may also remove the person and equipment (K.S.A. 32-1031(a); K.A.R. 115-8-19(b); caps at K.S.A. 21-6602(a)(3), 21-6611(b)(3)).
• Current: The land-vehicle rule was last amended November 28, 2016; the e-bike pass rule (115-8-13a) took effect October 18, 2019.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Kansas e-bike law guide

Kentucky

Roads only. On a Kentucky WMA every mechanized vehicle, which the rule defines to include motor vehicles and bicycles alike, stays on maintained roads open to public use and in designated parking areas, unless the department specifically authorizes otherwise; an e-bike is a mechanized vehicle on either reading.

The rule reads: "Use a mechanized vehicle except: (a) On a maintained road open to public use; or (b) In a designated parking area" (301 KAR 3:010, Section 4(1); Section 1(8)-(9)).

• By class: No class split: a bicycle and a motor vehicle are both mechanized vehicles, so every e-bike is held to maintained roads and parking areas.
• Riding with a disability: Wheelchairs are outside the mechanized-vehicle limit; the rule carries no other disability access provision (301 KAR 3:010, Section 1(8)).
• Penalty: A WMA regulation with no fine of its own carries a fine of $50 to $500; the court may also take the offender's license for the rest of the license year (KRS 150.990(2)(b)) (KRS 150.990(3)).
• Current: The WMA public-use rule was last amended effective September 18, 2025.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Kentucky e-bike law guide

Louisiana

Roads only. On LDWF wildlife management areas e-bikes are restricted to designated roads and ATV/UTV trails; hunters may use one to retrieve their own downed deer or hog under set conditions (no firearm or bow aboard, one helper, retrieval only), except on nine named WMAs.

The rule reads: "Electric bicycles are restricted to designated roads and ATV/UTV trails." (La. Admin. Code tit. 76, § XIX.111(A)(9)(q), (o)).

• By class: No class split: every electric bicycle is held to designated roads and ATV/UTV trails.
• Riding with a disability: The Physically Challenged Hunters Permit program issues an ATV permit for specially designated ATV trails on WMAs (with a helper's ATV), and the statute opens disability-only trails to hunters over 60; e-bikes are not named (LAC 76:XIX.105; La. R.S. 56:109(A)).
• Penalty: Breaking a WMA rule is a class two violation: a first-offense fine of $100 to $350 (class 2-A) or $250 to $500 (class 2-B); the statute does not say which tier applies. Repeat offenses cost more, up to $750 (2-A) or $1,000 (2-B) from the third, with forfeiture of anything seized and possible revocation of the license involved (La. R.S. 56:109(F); 56:32).
• Current: § XIX.111 was last amended in June 2026 (LR 52:998).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Louisiana e-bike law guide

Maine

Unsettled. On state-owned WMAs, motor vehicles may run only on roads not posted closed, on trails designated for them, or where specifically authorized. The rule does not define motor vehicle or mention e-bikes; Maine's traffic code treats an e-bike under 750 W as a bicycle, so whether the WMA rule reaches one is unsettled.

Advice that holds either way: stay on open roads and designated trails.

The rule reads: "The operation of any motor vehicle, excluding motorboats, within the boundaries of any state-owned Wildlife Management Area, Boat Launch Facility or Shooting Range is prohibited except as provided below." (09-137 C.M.R. ch. 5, § 5.01(B)(1)).

• By class: No class split: the rule does not name e-bikes or classes.
• Riding with a disability: The WMA rule carries no disability access provision; ask the Department about an authorization under § 5.01(B)(1)(c) (09-137 C.M.R. ch. 5).
• Penalty: Breaking a WMA rule is a civil violation with a fine of $100 to $500. After three or more civil violations under the state's fish and wildlife laws in the previous five years, the next WMA violation is a Class E crime (12 M.R.S. § 12702(1)-(2)).
• Current: Chapter 5's vehicle section was last amended in 2016 (filing 2016-206); other sections changed through May 21, 2023.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Maine e-bike law guide

Maryland

Class split. On all DNR lands, wildlife management areas included, any bicycle or e-bike may use public roads, parking lots and ORV trails; on trails, only a bicycle, adaptive bicycle or Class 1 e-bike, and only where the trail is designated; Wildlands are closed to all bicycles.

The rule reads: "A person may use a bicycle, adaptive bicycle, or Class 1 electric bicycle only on designated trails on Department lands." (COMAR 08.01.10.03A-B; .02B).

• By class: Class 1, 2 and 3: public roads, parking lots and ORV trails. Designated trails: Class 1 only.
• Riding with a disability: An adaptive bicycle with an electric-assist motor counts as an electric bicycle, and adaptive bicycles are named alongside Class 1 e-bikes for designated trails (COMAR 08.01.10.02B(6)(b); .03B).
• Penalty: Breaking a Department rule adopted under Title 5 is a misdemeanor: a fine up to $500; for a repeat within two years, up to $1,000 and/or up to a year in jail (Md. Code, Nat. Res. § 5-1301(a)-(c)).
• Current: The e-bike chapter for Department lands, COMAR 08.01.10, took effect May 25, 2026 (53:10 Md. R. 454).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Maryland e-bike law guide

Massachusetts

Unsettled. The WMA regulation keeps motor vehicles, snow vehicles and recreational vehicles to roads or trails maintained by a government agency and designated for public vehicle traffic, unless the Director issues a permit.

Massachusetts law says Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes (750 W or less) are not motor vehicles, so the regulation's words do not clearly reach one; MassWildlife's own rules page, though, says no one may drive or possess 'any vehicle' off roads or trails maintained for public vehicular traffic.

Either way the safe course is the same: keep an e-bike on those roads and trails.

The rule reads: "(h) No person, except under permit from the Director or his authorized agent, and except governmental employees in the performance of their duties, shall drive, operate, or possess within the bounds of any wildlife management area any motor vehicle, snow vehicle, or recreational vehicle, except on roads or trails maintained by a governmental agency and designated for the express purpose of permitting public vehicular traffic." (321 CMR 3.01(1)(h)).

• By class: No class split in the WMA rule; the statute recognises only Class 1 and 2, and every e-bike is a vehicle under the WMA rule's plain words (321 CMR 3.01(1)).
• Riding with a disability: The vehicle limit yields to a MassWildlife permit; no disability-specific provision was read on the WMA rules page, so a hunter with a disability should ask the district office about a permit (321 CMR 3.01(1) ('unless under permit')).
• Penalty: The WMA rule was adopted under c. 131 § 6, which § 90(a) does not list, so the catch-all applies: a fine of $200 to $500, up to 30 days in jail, or both (M.G.L. c. 131 § 90(b); the rule's authority line is in 321 CMR 3.01(1)).
• Current: 321 CMR 3.01(1) was last revised January 6, 2023.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Massachusetts e-bike law guide

Michigan

Roads only. The DNR's Class 1 trail approval covers state parks, recreation areas and state forests but expressly excludes state game and wildlife areas, so on hunting land an e-bike stays on roads, where Class 1, 2 and 3 may ride wherever a regular bicycle can.

The rule reads: "The only exceptions are state game and wildlife areas, congressionally authorized trails such as the North Country Trail and the High Country, Shingle Mill and Pickerel Lake pathways in Pigeon River Country." (Michigan DNR, E-bikes on DNR-managed lands).

• By class: Game and wildlife areas: no e-bike on trails; Class 1, 2 and 3 on roads open to bicycles. Elsewhere on DNR trails: Class 1, and Class 2 with a mobility permit; Class 3 on no state-managed trail.
• Riding with a disability: A free DNR permit for mobility issues lets a rider use a Class 2 where Class 1 may go; because game and wildlife areas are excluded from the Class 1 approval, the permit does not open their trails (Michigan DNR, Class 2 mobility permit).
• Penalty: Breaking a DNR land-use rule or order is a state civil infraction with a civil fine of up to $500 (MCL 324.504(14)).
• Current: The DNR's e-bike page carries the game-area exception word for word as it stood on August 25, 2026.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Michigan e-bike law guide

Minnesota

Guidance only. DNR guidance, not a rule: on WMAs e-bikes may use public roads not posted closed to motor vehicles; on roads posted closed and on developed non-motorized trails, only at walking speed; never in sanctuaries. The WMA rule itself does not name e-bikes, and DNR said in 2024 it was working to clarify e-bike use.

The rule reads: "E-bikes may be used on public roads unless they are posted closed to motor vehicle travel. On roads that are posted closed to motor vehicle use or on developed nonmotorized trails, e-bikes may be used at walking speeds. E-bikes are not permitted in areas marked as sanctuaries." (DNR guidance (Minnesota Conservation Volunteer, July-August 2024); DNR WMA page; Minn. R. 6230.0250).

• By class: No class split in the WMA guidance: every e-bike follows the roads, walking-speed and sanctuary lines.
• Riding with a disability: The commissioner may issue a free special permit letting a person with a disability use an other power-driven mobility device (28 C.F.R. § 35.104), a category an e-bike can fall within, in wildlife management areas (Minn. Stat. § 97A.137, subd. 3).
• Penalty: Breaking a WMA rule under the game and fish laws is a misdemeanor unless another penalty is prescribed: up to 90 days in jail, a fine of up to $1,000, or both (Minn. Stat. § 97A.301, subd. 1(6); cap at § 609.02, subd. 3).
• Current: The WMA rule was last published July 25, 2024; the DNR's WMA page still refers to 'some e-bikes' without naming which.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Minnesota e-bike law guide

Mississippi

Roads only. No motorized vehicle may leave the road or use a closed road on any WMA; the area rules then set e-bikes alongside ORVs and ATVs: 20 of the 54 areas allow them only to retrieve a harvested deer or hog, 18 on designated roads or trails for access, 13 under Forest Service rules and 3 not at all, and 37 of the 54 open marked foot trails to riders 65 and older (every area, in our Mississippi guide).

The rule reads: "No motorized, regardless of size or type, vehicles allowed off-road or on any roads blocked or posted as closed." (40 Miss. Admin. Code Pt. 2, R. 1.1 (Roads/Vehicles) and area rules R. 1.2-1.47 (2026-27)).

• By class: No class split: the rules name 'electric bicycles' as one group with ORVs and ATVs.
• Riding with a disability: Eligible hunters with disabilities may get special privileges, including access to any open portion of a WMA by ATV/UTV or other power-driven mobility device, on credible assurance of the disability (40 Miss. Admin. Code Pt. 2, R. 1.1 (Handicapped Hunter Access)).
• Penalty: Not confirmed: the 2026-27 WMA rule compilation prints no penalty. No penalty figure is printed here until the statute that attaches one is confirmed at its official source.
• Current: The 2026-27 rule compilation is current; Rule 1.1 says it was updated in April 2026.

Missouri

Bicycle rules. Missouri's Wildlife Code counts an electric bicycle (up to 750 W, Class 1, 2 or 3) as a bicycle, so on conservation areas it rides where bicycles may: designated multi-use trails, roads open to vehicles, and service roads marked in the online atlas, except on listed areas and, on some areas, during firearms deer and spring turkey seasons.

A bike over 750 W is a vehicle, held to gravel and paved roads and parking areas.

The rule reads: "Bicycles are permitted only on designated multi-use trails and on roads open to vehicular traffic, unless otherwise posted." (3 CSR 10-11.130(1)-(2); 3 CSR 10-20.805(7), (25)).

• By class: Class 1, 2 and 3 up to 750 W all ride as bicycles; there is no class split on department areas (3 CSR 10-20.805(25)).
• Riding with a disability: The department-area rules carry no disability vehicle-access provision; their disability text concerns reserving ADA-accessible waterfowl blinds (3 CSR 10-11).
• Penalty: Breaking a Conservation Commission rule is a misdemeanor: class A (up to one year and $2,000) or class B (up to six months and $1,000), depending on which statutes the rule relates to; the statute's split does not say which applies to an area-use rule, so both tiers are printed (RSMo 252.230; caps at 558.002.1(2)-(3) and 558.011.1(6)-(7)).
• Current: The Secretary of State's current chapter carries a July 31, 2026 update stamp.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Missouri e-bike law guide

Montana

Two agencies. On FWP wildlife management areas (and state parks and fishing access sites), no vehicle, motorized or not, may leave authorized routes; FWP's definition treats an e-bike as non-motorized. On DNRC state trust land, which is also open to hunting, DNRC calls an e-bike a motorized vehicle and holds it to public roads and roads signed open.

The rule reads: "operating a motorized or non-motorized vehicle off of authorized routes" (Admin. R. Mont. 12.12.115(1)(b); 12.12.102(15), (20)).

• By class: No class split on either agency's land; Montana's statute sets no motor-power figure for an e-bike, so the line is the agency's definition, not a class (ARM 12.12.102(15); DNRC page).
• Riding with a disability: FWP's public-use-site rules carry no disability vehicle provision; federal ADA rules on other power-driven mobility devices still apply to a state agency (Admin. R. Mont. 12.12.101-12.12.118).
• Penalty: Breaking a public-use-site rule adopted under § 23-1-106 is a misdemeanor: a fine of up to $500 or up to six months in jail (MCA 23-1-106(2)).
• Current: The public-use-site vehicle rule took effect January 13, 2024; DNRC's trust-land rules were replaced November 8, 2025, and a DNRC rule review naming e-bikes ran through September 25, 2026.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Montana e-bike law guide

Nebraska

Roads only. On state WMAs no carriage or motorized vehicle may leave roadways, parking areas or trails designated for vehicles, and Game and Parks defines a motorized vehicle to include anything propelled by an electrical engine, so an e-bike is held to those places.

The rule reads: "It shall be unlawful for any person to operate a carriage or motorized vehicle on other than roadways, parking areas, or trails specifically designated for vehicle use" (166 Neb. Admin. Code ch. 18, § 001.07A, 001.07B1).

• By class: No class split on WMAs: every e-bike is a motorized vehicle under the definition.
• Riding with a disability: The WMA property rule carries no disability vehicle provision; federal ADA rules on other power-driven mobility devices still apply to the agency (166 NAC 18).
• Penalty: Breaking a state WMA public-use regulation is a Class III misdemeanor: up to three months in jail, a $500 fine, or both (Neb. Rev. Stat. § 37-336(3); cap at § 28-106(1)).
• Current: The chapter's official record carries an effective date of January 3, 2026.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Nebraska e-bike law guide

Nevada

Unsettled. Unsettled, published both ways: on NDOW wildlife management areas no motor vehicle may leave the interior roads and trails designated for vehicles, but Nevada's vehicle code says an electric bicycle is not a motor vehicle, so the general rule may not reach an e-bike; NDOW has written e-bikes expressly into at least one area rule (Pole Canyon Cooperative WMA).

Advice that holds either way: stay on designated roads and trails.

The rule reads: "it is prohibited, within a wildlife management area, to operate a motor vehicle: (a) Off an interior road or trail that is designated for vehicular travel" (Nev. Admin. Code § 504.115(2); NRS 482.075).

• By class: No class split in either rule (NAC 504.115; NRS 482.075).
• Riding with a disability: Neither the WMA vehicle rule nor the Pole Canyon rule carries a disability provision; the exception is for authorized personnel only (NAC 504.115; R128-23).
• Penalty: Breaking a Wildlife Commission regulation is a misdemeanor: a fine of $50 to $500, up to six months in county jail, or both (NRS 501.385(1)(d), (2)).
• Current: NAC 504.115 was last amended effective March 1, 2003 (R054-02); the Pole Canyon rule is R128-23, in NDOW's April 2024 adopted file.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Nevada e-bike law guide

New Hampshire

Bicycle rules. On Fish and Game Department lands, wildlife management areas included, bicycles may use management access roads only unless posted otherwise, and New Hampshire law defines a bicycle to include an electric bicycle, so an e-bike is held to those roads.

The rule reads: "Horses and bicycles shall be permitted on management access roads only, unless otherwise posted." (N.H. Admin. R. Fis 902.02(9); RSA 259:6).

• By class: No class split: every electric bicycle is a bicycle under the rule's cross-referenced definition.
• Riding with a disability: The Department issues special use permits for an OHRV or snowmobile to people with documented permanent walking disabilities, limited to named areas; e-bikes are not named (N.H. Admin. R. Fis 902 (special use permits)).
• Penalty: Breaking a Fish and Game rule is 'a violation' (a non-criminal offense) for an individual: a fine of up to $1,000 (RSA 206:19-a; fine cap RSA 651:2, IV(a)).
• Current: Fis 900 was read on the General Court's official rules page.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our New Hampshire e-bike law guide

New Jersey

Bicycle rules. Fish and Wildlife permits e-bikes up to 750 W under its bicycle rules: all roads open to motor vehicles year-round; existing trails and secondary woods roads only from March 1 to April 15, June 1 to September 15 and on Sundays (Assunpink has its own window); and year-round when you are legally hunting or fishing.

No bikes on the Highlands Trail through Berkshire Valley and Wildcat Ridge.

The rule reads: "Ebikes with motors up to 750 watts are permitted." (NJ Fish & Wildlife, WMA regulations page (N.J.A.C. 7:25-2); Mountain Bicycle Policy).

• By class: No class split: the page sets a 750 W motor line, not a class line; a bike over 750 W falls outside the permission.
• Riding with a disability: The WMA page carries no disability vehicle provision (WMA regulations page).
• Penalty: NJ Fish and Wildlife says its WMA regulations carry penalties of $50 to $1,500 (NJ Fish & Wildlife, Wildlife Management Area Regulations page).
• Current: The Division's WMA regulations page carries the rule quoted here.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our New Jersey e-bike law guide

New Mexico

Roads only. On all lands the Department of Game and Fish owns or controls, wildlife management areas included, no motorized vehicle may leave established roads, and the rule's definition (any motor-powered device used for conveyance) covers an e-bike.

The rule reads: "It shall be unlawful for any person or persons to operate any motorized vehicle off of established roads on lands owned or controlled by the department of game and fish." (19.34.4.7, 19.34.4.8 NMAC).

• By class: No class split: every e-bike is motor-powered.
• Riding with a disability: The department-lands vehicle rule carries no disability provision (19.34.4 NMAC).
• Penalty: Not confirmed: whether a land-use vehicle rule falls under the misdemeanor for hunting rules is not settled by the text. No penalty figure is printed here until the statute that attaches one is confirmed at its official source.
• Current: 19.34.4 NMAC was last amended January 13, 1996 and recompiled December 31, 2001.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our New Mexico e-bike law guide

New York

Roads only. On DEC wildlife management areas and other Part 51 lands, New York names e-bikes as motorized vehicles and bars riding one off-road unless a posted notice or the Regional Manager's written permission allows it; roads posted against bicycles or motorized vehicles are closed to them too.

The rule reads: "No person shall operate a motorcycle, motor scooter, moped, e-bike, snowmobile or any other motorized vehicle off-road except as specifically permitted by posted notice or as otherwise permitted in writing by the Regional Manager." (6 NYCRR § 51.4(b); § 51.1 (definitions)).

• By class: No class split: the definition lists e-bikes among motorized vehicles, and the bicycle definition is muscle-powered only.
• Riding with a disability: Part 51 carries no disability access provision; DEC's separate motorized access program for people with disabilities was not read for this row, and written permission from the Regional Manager is the route the rule itself names (6 NYCRR Part 51).
• Penalty: Breaking a DEC regulation is a 'violation': up to 15 days in jail, a fine of up to $250, or both, plus a civil penalty ($200 base) under the ECL schedule (ECL § 71-0923(1); § 71-0919(1)(b)-(c); civil schedule § 71-0925(1)).
• Current: Part 51 in its current form took effect January 1, 2022.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our New York e-bike law guide

North Carolina

Banned. North Carolina's game-land rule makes it unlawful to operate any motorized land vehicle not licensed for highway use on game lands (except designated areas on national forests), and names e-bikes among the off-road vehicles that are not permitted.

Read together, an e-bike, which carries no highway plate, is kept off game lands outside designated national-forest areas; confirm with the Wildlife Resources Commission before riding.

The rule reads: "It is unlawful to operate motorized land vehicles not licensed for highway use on game lands except for designated areas on National Forests." (15A NCAC 10D .0102(k), (h)).

• By class: No class split: the rule names 'ebikes' as one group.
• Riding with a disability: Hunters who meet G.S. 113-296 can get a Disabled Access Permit that allows electric wheelchairs, ATVs and other passenger vehicles on Commission roads and designated trails, including ungated roads otherwise closed, on game lands listed online (15A NCAC 10D .0102(k)-(l); G.S. 113-296).
• Penalty: Riding an e-bike where the game-land rule bars it is, on its own, punishable by a $25 fine. Using a conveyance to take wildlife is excepted and falls under the general penalty: a Class 3 misdemeanor (fine up to $200) for a first conviction (N.C.G.S. 113-135.1(a), (b)(3); 113-135(a); 15A-1340.23(b)).
• Current: The game-land rule was last amended effective August 1, 2026.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our North Carolina e-bike law guide

North Dakota

Roads only. On North Dakota wildlife management areas all motorized vehicles are restricted to the constructed roads, established trails and parking areas normally used by passenger cars. The rule does not name e-bikes or define 'motorized vehicle'; an e-bike has a motor, so keep it to those roads, trails and lots.

The rule reads: "On all other wildlife management areas, the use of all motorized vehicles is restricted to those constructed roads, established trails, and parking areas normally used by passenger cars." (N.D. Admin. Code § 30-04-02-03).

• By class: No class split: the rule speaks only of 'all motorized vehicles'.
• Riding with a disability: The WMA public-use chapter carries no disability vehicle provision (ch. 30-04-02).
• Penalty: Breaking the WMA motor-vehicle rule is a noncriminal offense with a $100 fee (N.D. Admin. Code § 30-04-02-03 (the section's own penalty sentence)).
• Current: The motor-vehicle section was last amended effective April 1, 2006.

Ohio

Roads only. On any area run by the Ohio Division of Wildlife, every vehicle, human-powered ones included, may be ridden or parked only on designated roads, driveways and parking areas, unless the wildlife chief gives written permission. Ohio's traffic code counts an e-bike as a vehicle, so the same limit applies.

The one named exception is bicycles on the North Turkeyfoot wildlife area trail that is part of the North Country National Scenic Trail.

The rule reads: "It shall be unlawful for any person to operate or park a vehicle, including any aerial drone or vehicle propelled by human power, or permit such vehicles to be operated or parked on any area under agreement with, and administered by, or under control of the division of wildlife, except:

• (1) On designated roads, driveways and parking areas provided for such purpose.

• (2) For any person who has first obtained written permission from the chief of the division of wildlife for such purposes." (Ohio Adm.Code 1501:31-9-01(D)(1)-(2)).

• By class: No class split on wildlife areas: the rule covers every vehicle. Ohio defines Class 1, 2 and 3 e-bikes in its traffic code (motor under 750 W; 20, 20 and 28 mph) and counts all three as vehicles and bicycles, not motor vehicles (Ohio Rev. Code 4511.01(A); classes at 4511.01(SSS)-(VVV)).

• Riding with a disability: A mobility-impaired person can get an all-purpose vehicle permit from the wildlife chief to ride in designated areas (within 100 yards of a posted access lane); a person in a wheelchair is exempt; and 14 named wildlife areas have Physically Handicapped Access Areas (Ohio Adm.Code 1501:31-9-01(D)(3)-(4), (V)).
• Penalty: Breaking a Division of Wildlife rule is a fourth-degree misdemeanor: up to 30 days in jail and a fine of up to $250 (Ohio Rev. Code 1531.99(A); 2929.24(A)(4); 2929.28(A)(2)(a)(iv)).
• Current: Rule 1501:31-9-01 has been in effect since January 1, 2026; its next five-year review is due January 1, 2031.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Ohio e-bike law guide

Oklahoma

Unsettled. Oklahoma's rule for Department of Wildlife lands keeps all motorized vehicles on roads designated open for public or hunter use, lets road-registered vehicles use roads open to the public, and bans ATVs, OHVs, UTVs and off-road motorcycles from department roads except county-maintained ones. It never names bicycles or e-bikes.

State law says an e-bike is not a motor vehicle and needs no registration, while the department's own summary says only road-registered vehicles may be used or parked on its lands.

Whether an e-bike is a 'motorized vehicle' limited to open roads, a bicycle the rule does not address, or an unregistered vehicle the summary excludes is unsettled. On OLAP walk-in areas the department's page bars all vehicles, bicycles included.

The rule reads: "(a) Except as otherwise provided, all motorized vehicles are required to stay on roads designated as open for public or hunter use." (Okla. Admin. Code 800:30-1-5(a)).

• By class: No class split in the wildlife rule. Oklahoma law defines Class 1, 2 and 3 e-bikes (motor output up to 750 W; 20, 20 and 28 mph), says an e-bike is not a motor vehicle, and exempts it from registration (47 O.S. § 11-1209(B); classes at § 1-104(B); not a motor vehicle at § 1-134(B)(5)).
• Riding with a disability: A hunter who cannot walk (amputation, paralysis, or a wheelchair as primary mobility) can get a nonambulatory permit to ride an ORV/ATV from parking or camp to designated nonambulatory areas and to use roads designated open to permittees (Okla. Admin. Code 800:30-1-18(a)-(b)).
• Penalty: Breaking a Wildlife Commission rule is a misdemeanor: a fine of $10 to $100, up to 30 days in county jail, or both (29 O.S. § 8-104; OAC 800:30-5-3).
• Current: OAC 800:30-1-5 carries two effective dates in official sources: its history note reads "Amended at 43 Ok Reg, Number 20, effective 7-11-26", and the state's rules viewer shows July 12, 2026 for the same section.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Oklahoma e-bike law guide

Oregon

Roads only. On Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife land, motor vehicles are allowed only on parking areas, open roads and areas posted open to them, with no cross-country or off-road travel.

ODFW's 2026 hunting regulations say 'all classes of E-bikes are considered motorized vehicles', so treat an e-bike as a motor vehicle there: open roads and parking areas only. The Lower Deschutes Wildlife Area allows access by foot, boat or non-motorized bicycle only, and on Sauvie Island even plain bicycles stay on roads open to vehicles.

Oregon's Vehicle Code calls an e-bike a bicycle, but only 'for purposes of the Oregon Vehicle Code'; the wildlife-area rules are wildlife law.

The rule reads: "(5) Motor vehicles are prohibited except on parking areas, open roads, areas posted as open to motor vehicles, or as provided for in the following rules. No cross-country travel or off road motor vehicle use is allowed, except for administrative use." (OAR 635-008-0050(5)).

• By class: No class split on ODFW land: ODFW's regulations treat 'all classes' of e-bikes as motorized vehicles. Oregon defines Class 1, 2 and 3 e-bikes by assistance and speed (20, 20 and 28 mph) and sets no wattage limit (ORS 801.258(4); classes at (1)-(3)).
• Riding with a disability: Oregon's Disabilities Hunting and Fishing Permit lets the holder hunt from a parked motor-propelled vehicle (never on a public road) and have a companion finish wounded game; on public land it applies only where off-road travel is permitted. It is not a road-access permit for wildlife areas (ODFW 2026 Oregon Hunting Regulations, Disabilities Hunting & Fishing Permit).
• Penalty: Breaking a wildlife rule is a Class A misdemeanor if done with a culpable mental state (up to 364 days and $6,250). Without one, and if no wildlife is taken, it is a Class D violation with a fine of up to $250 (ORS 496.992(1)-(2); 153.018(2)(d); 161.615(1); 161.635(1)(a)).
• Current: OAR 635-008-0050 was last amended effective May 19, 2023; ODFW's wildlife-area regulations page was last updated March 31, 2026.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Oregon e-bike law guide

Pennsylvania

Banned. On state game lands the Game Commission's answer is no: e-bikes are not allowed. Its regulation makes it unlawful, without permission, to travel on Commission lands by any vehicle or conveyance propelled by motorized power; the only carve-out is devices authorized for people with mobility disabilities.

Pennsylvania's 2.2 million acres of state forests, also open to hunting, are run by DCNR, which allows e-bikes that meet the state definition wherever regular bikes may go, plus DCNR motorized trails and public-use roads, pedaling only (no throttle) on non-motorized trails.

The rule reads: "it is unlawful, except with the permission of the person in charge of the lands, or the written permission of the Director to: ... (3) Travel on lands by means of vehicle or conveyance propelled by motorized power. This provision is not intended to restrict travel by certain devices used for persons with mobility disabilities as specifically authorized under Subchapter C (relating to State game lands)." (58 Pa. Code § 135.2(3)).

• By class: Pennsylvania does not use the three-class system. Its 'pedalcycle with electric assist' weighs no more than 100 pounds, has a motor rated at no more than 750 W, working pedals, and a top motor-only speed of 20 mph. Game lands bar every motorized conveyance, so no class qualifies there; DCNR's state-forest rule uses the same 100 lb / 750 W / 20 mph test (75 Pa.C.S. § 102 ('Pedalcycle with electric assist')).
• Riding with a disability: The Game Commission's Disabled Person Access Permit lets hunters with mobility disabilities use mobility devices and motor vehicles on designated routes on state game lands; wheelchairs may go anywhere foot travel is allowed (58 Pa. Code §§ 135.48-135.55; permit under ch. 147, subch. AA).
• Penalty: Breaking a state game lands regulation is a summary offense of the fifth degree: a fine of $100 to $200 (34 Pa.C.S. § 721(b); fine at § 925(b)(9)).
• Current: 58 Pa. Code § 135.2 was last amended effective March 16, 2024 (54 Pa.B. 1316); the Pennsylvania Code reflects changes through July 4, 2026 (56 Pa.B. 4026).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Pennsylvania e-bike law guide

Rhode Island

Class split. Rhode Island DEM's rule, which covers its Fish & Wildlife management areas, bars Class 2 and Class 3 e-bikes on every DEM property except roadways inside Parks & Recreation properties, unless DEM gives written permission.

Class 1 e-bikes are expressly allowed only on Parks & Recreation bike trails and paths (state law also guarantees Class 1 on state bike trails and paths). For a management area the rule neither grants nor bars a Class 1; bicycles there are limited to trails and roads designated for them.

Ride only a Class 1, only on designated roads and trails, and ask DEM for written permission first.

The rule reads: "3. Class 2 and 3 Electric Bicycles, as defined in R.I. Gen. Laws § 31-19.7-2 are prohibited on all properties, bicycle trails, or paths under the jurisdiction of the Department except on roadways located within properties under the jurisdiction of the Division of Parks and Recreation, unless written permission to the contrary is provided." (250-RICR-100-00-7 § 7.9(E)(3)).

• By class: Class split: Class 1 allowed on Parks & Recreation bike paths; Class 2 and 3 barred on all DEM property except Parks roadways. Rhode Island defines three classes: pedal-assist to 20 mph, throttle to 20 mph, pedal-assist to 28 mph (R.I. Gen. Laws § 31-19.7-1).
• Riding with a disability: People with a disability may use electric mobility devices (EPAMDs, motorized wheelchairs or similar devices), as capable, on DEM properties (250-RICR-100-00-7 § 7.9(F)(2)).
• Penalty: A fine of up to $100 for each violation (250-RICR-100-00-7 § 7.21(A)).
• Current: The Part 7 amendment took effect May 12, 2025; the e-bike statute took effect July 1, 2024 (P.L. 2024, ch. 172 and 173).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Rhode Island e-bike law guide

South Carolina

Class split. On every South Carolina WMA, heritage preserve and other DNR-owned land, motorized vehicles may use only open maintained roads and parking areas.

SCDNR's rule says that e-bikes meeting the state's electric-assist bicycle definition (under 20 mph on the motor, no more than 750 W, working pedals, motor cuts out when the rider stops pedaling or brakes) are not motorized vehicles and count as bicycles.

Bicycles may use roads open to motor vehicles, established roadbeds and designated bicycle trails unless posted. An e-bike outside that definition is a motorized vehicle: open roads and parking only. Some properties bar bicycles entirely (for example Capers Island).

The rule reads: "(1) Motorized vehicles, all terrain vehicles, and off road vehicles may be operated only on open maintained roads and parking areas except as otherwise established by posted notice or as approved by the Department."

It continues: "For purposes of this Section and subsequent sections, ‘‘Electric-assist bicycles’’ and ‘‘bicycles with helper motors’’ (Class 1 e-bikes) as defined in S.C. Code Section 56–1–10(29) are not considered motorized vehicles and shall be considered bicycles." (S.C. Code Regs. 123-203(D)(1)).

• By class: Class split by definition: only an e-bike meeting S.C. Code § 56-1-10(29) (the rule's 'Class 1') counts as a bicycle; others are motorized vehicles. The statute's test: two or three wheels, fully operable pedals, a motor of no more than 750 W, a top motor-powered speed under 20 mph, and a motor that stops when the rider brakes or stops pedaling (S.C. Code § 56-1-10(29)).
• Riding with a disability: SCDNR holds drawn special hunts and special hunt areas for mobility-impaired hunters on listed WMAs. Chapter 123 contains no general vehicle-access permit for disabled hunters (8 mentions of mobility impairment, disability, handicap or wheelchair in the chapter, all special-hunt listings) (S.C. Code Regs. 123-40 (area listings)).
• Penalty: Breaking the rules for WMAs and other DNR land is a misdemeanor: a fine of $25 to $200, up to 30 days in jail, or both (S.C. Code § 50-11-2200(E) (conduct list at (C)(8): 'operation of motorized and nonmotorized vehicles')).
• Current: Reg. 123-203 was last amended effective May 26, 2023 (SCSR 47-5).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our South Carolina e-bike law guide

South Dakota

Roads only. South Dakota Game, Fish and Parks says no one may operate motor-propelled vehicles, e-bikes included, on land it owns, leases or controls (game production areas among them) except on designated roads and parking areas.

Federal Waterfowl Production Areas allow designated parking areas only; National Grasslands and Forest Service land, designated roads and trails; Walk-In Areas, no driving except designated trails and parking.

GFP's own plate rule requires a valid license plate on any motor vehicle on department roads and parking areas and names no e-bike exception, so even the designated-road allowance is not certain in the rule text. Treat an e-bike as a motor vehicle there and confirm road use with GFP.

The rule reads: "Motor Vehicle Restrictions No person may operate motor-propelled vehicles (including e-bikes) on: Lands owned, leased, or controlled by GFP except on designated roads and parking areas; and waters that are open to motorized boats (see boating restrictions). Federal Waterfowl Production Areas, except on designated parking areas. National Grasslands except on designated roads and trails." (SD GFP, General Hunting Laws, 'Motor Vehicle Restrictions').

• By class: No class split on GFP land: the agency's restriction names e-bikes as one group. South Dakota law defines Class I, II and III e-bikes (motor 750 W or less; 20, 20 and 28 mph), but only 'for purposes of this chapter' (the bicycle chapter) (SDCL 32-20B-9).
• Riding with a disability: A GFP Disabled Hunter Permit lets the holder shoot from a motor vehicle, and a holder who uses a mobility device may reach School and Public Lands by power mobility device to hunt, fish or trap (SD GFP, General Hunting Laws (School and Public Lands; motor vehicles)).
• Penalty: Breaking a GFP Commission rule is a Class 2 misdemeanor: up to 30 days in county jail, a $500 fine, or both (SDCL 41-2-18; penalty at SDCL 22-6-2(2)).
• Current: ARSD 41:03:02:01 was last amended effective December 2, 2019 (46 SDR 74).

Tennessee

Class split. TWRA's rule for its WMAs splits e-bikes by class. Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes are regulated the same as traditional bicycles and are not subject to motor vehicle or off-highway vehicle rules.

Class 3 e-bikes are regulated as off-highway vehicles, which are restricted to roads open to other motorized traffic and designated trails, and TWRA says they need a high-impact conservation permit. The permit rule itself exempts anyone holding a hunting license with the WMA permit.

The rule reads: "On Tennessee WMAs, Class 1 and Class 2 ebikes are regulated the same as traditional bicycles and are not subject to motor vehicle or off-highway vehicle regulations. Class 3 ebikes are regulated as off-highway vehicles (OHVs) and require a high-impact conservation permit to operate on WMAs." (TWRA, Wildlife Management Areas, 'Electric Bicycles').

• By class: Class split: Class 1 and 2 ride as bicycles; Class 3 is an off-highway vehicle. TWRA describes Tennessee's e-bike as a two- or three-wheel bike with working pedals and a motor under 750 W, in three classes (20, 20 and 28 mph).
• Riding with a disability: TWRA runs wheelchair-bound hunts, zones and blinds for hunters totally and permanently confined to a wheelchair (physician-certified), with accessible blinds on seven named WMAs (TWRA, Wildlife Management Areas, 'Wheelchair-bound Hunts, Zones, or Blinds').
• Penalty: Not confirmed. No penalty figure is printed here until the statute that attaches one is confirmed at its official source.
• Current: The permit rule (1660-01-14-.15) was last amended effective July 1, 2015; the chapter file is the April 2024 revision.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Tennessee e-bike law guide

Texas

Unsettled. TPWD's 2026-27 public hunting rules list it as a prohibited act to not confine motor vehicle use to designated roads, 'including electric bicycles (e-bikes)'; parking is allowed on or right beside designated roads, with exceptions for hunters with disabilities and their helpers.

There is a conflict: TPWD defines 'motor vehicle' by Transportation Code chapter 541, and that chapter says the term 'does not include an electric bicycle'. The advice that holds either way: keep an e-bike on designated roads on public hunting lands.

The rule reads: "does not confine motor vehicle use to designated roads, including electric bicycles (e-bikes), except parking is permitted on the shoulder of or immediately adjacent to designated roads, and as provided for persons with disabilities or for a person directly assisting persons with disabilities on designated roads or trails" (TPWD, Public Hunting in Texas 2026-27, 'Prohibited Acts').

• By class: No class split in TPWD's rule: it names e-bikes as one group. Texas defines Class 1, 2 and 3 e-bikes; an e-bike has working pedals, a motor under 750 W and a top assisted speed of 28 mph or less (Tex. Transp. Code § 664.001(4); classes at (1)-(3)).
• Riding with a disability: Hunters with disabilities (and a person directly assisting them) are exempt from the designated-roads limit where the rules provide, and may use ATVs, OHVs and off-road vehicles on designated ATV/OHV/ORV roads and trails (TPWD, Public Hunting in Texas 2026-27, 'Prohibited Acts').
• Penalty: Not confirmed: the public hunting land chapter (Parks and Wildlife Code §§ 81.401-81.405) has no penalty section of its own. No penalty figure is printed here until the statute that attaches one is confirmed at its official source.
• Current: TPWD's 2026-27 public hunting rules are current; Texas's e-bike definitions date from HB 2188 (2019).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Texas e-bike law guide

Utah

Class split. On Utah Division of Wildlife Resources land (wildlife management areas included), motorized vehicles, which the rule defines to include Class 2 and Class 3 e-bikes, may be used only where a declaration, management plan or posting allows; DWR's WMA page says marked roads.

Class 1 e-bikes are not in the definition, so they ride as bicycles wherever bicycles are allowed.

The rule reads: "(e) use motorized vehicles, as defined in Section R657-28-2, including cars, trucks, motorhomes, OHV, and class II and III electric bicycles, except as authorized by declaration, management plan, or posting." (Utah Admin. Code R657-28-4(2)(e)).

• By class: Class split: Class 2 and 3 e-bikes are motorized vehicles on division land; Class 1 is not in the definition and rides as a bicycle.
• Riding with a disability: Hunters who are paraplegic, permanently confined to a wheelchair or crutches, or have lost a lower limb can get a certificate of registration to hunt from a vehicle; holders must still follow the motorized-vehicle rules (Utah Admin. Code R657-12-4(1), (4)).
• Penalty: Breaking the statute is a class B misdemeanor (up to six months and $1,000); breaking the Wildlife Board rule is an infraction (fine up to $750) (Utah Code 23A-5-301(1); caps at 76-3-204(2) and 76-3-301(1)(d)-(e)).
• Current: R657-28 last changed August 22, 2026.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Utah e-bike law guide

Vermont

Unsettled. On Vermont Fish & Wildlife lands, cycles and motorized vehicles alike are limited to designated corridors shown on the WMA maps; motorized vehicles also need roads designated for them; and operating any wheeled motorized vehicle not registered for highway use is prohibited. The rule never names e-bikes.

Vermont's natural-resources agency told the Legislature in 2026 that e-bikes count as bicycles, not motorized vehicles, under Vermont law; read literally, the unregistered-vehicle ban could still reach an e-bike. Either way an e-bike stays on designated corridors; ask the department before riding one.

The rule reads: "(d) Horseback riding, dog sledding, non-motorized cycle riding, or use of motorized vehicles except on designated corridors;" (10 V.S.A. App. § 15, 5.1(d); also 5.1(a)-(b)).

• By class: No class split in the F&W rule. Vermont defines Class 1, 2 and 3 e-bikes with a motor under 750 W (20, 20 and 28 mph) (23 V.S.A. § 4(46)(A)).
• Riding with a disability: A special use permit can allow an otherwise barred motorized vehicle to accommodate a person with a qualified disability under the Americans with Disabilities Act (VT Fish & Wildlife, Authorized and Prohibited Activities (restating 10 V.S.A. App. § 15, 5.1(a) and 6.0)).
• Penalty: Breaking a Fish & Wildlife Board rule with no other penalty carries a fine of up to $1,000 (10 V.S.A. § 4515).
• Current: The rule's history note ends "eff. Dec. 28, 2012"; the department's page restates the same prohibited-activities text.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Vermont e-bike law guide

Virginia

Class split. On Virginia Department of Wildlife Resources land, motorized vehicles may travel only on roads open to vehicle traffic. Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes may go where traditional bicycles are allowed, which on WMAs means only roads designated for horseback and bicycle riding, with no cross-country riding. Class 3 e-bikes are prohibited.

The rule reads: "Nothing in this section shall be construed to prohibit the use of Class one or Class two electric power-assisted bicycles as defined in § 46.2-100 of the Code of Virginia where traditional bicycles are allowed. Class three electric power-assisted bicycles as defined in § 46.2-100 are prohibited." (4VAC15-20-100).

• By class: Class split: Class 1 and 2 ride as bicycles; Class 3 is prohibited. DWR describes Class 1 and 2 as up to three wheels, operable pedals, a motor of no more than 750 W and 20 mph, and Class 3 as capable of 28 mph.
• Riding with a disability: The department may allow wheelchairs and other power-driven mobility devices for people with mobility disabilities under the ADA; the WMA leaflet opens trails to manual and power wheelchairs and personal mobility scooters (4VAC15-20-100).
• Penalty: Breaking a DWR regulation is a Class 3 misdemeanor unless another penalty applies: a fine of up to $500 (Va. Code § 29.1-505; fine at § 18.2-11(c)).
• Current: 4VAC15-20-100 was last amended effective January 1, 2026 (Virginia Register, Volume 42, Issue 8).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Virginia e-bike law guide

Washington

Roads only. On WDFW wildlife areas, e-bikes are allowed on roads and trails open to motorized vehicles, according to WDFW's public e-bike FAQ (June 2022); WDFW's own land rules count anything 'propelled by electric power' as a motorized vehicle, which fits that position.

On DNR-managed land, e-bikes of all three classes are only allowed on forest roads and trails open to motorized use.

The rule reads: "WDFW allows the use of e-bikes on roads and trails open to motorized vehicles." (WDFW and DNR, Public Process on E-bike Use: FAQ (June 23, 2022)).

• By class: No class split on WDFW land: the allowance covers e-bikes as one group. Washington's e-bike has two or three wheels, working pedals and a motor of no more than 750 W, in three classes (20, 20 and 28 mph) (WDFW, Electric-assisted bicycles on WDFW-managed lands).
• Riding with a disability: WDFW's land rules exclude motorized wheelchairs used by people with disabilities from the definition of motorized vehicle (WAC 220-500-020(17)).
• Penalty: Breaking a WDFW land rule is a civil infraction; infraction penalties may not exceed $500 per offense unless a statute says otherwise (WAC 220-500-180; cap at RCW 7.84.100(1)).
• Current: WDFW's e-bike allowance dates from June 23, 2022, and its current e-bike page announces nothing newer; the WAC 220-500 sections were recodified effective March 18, 2017.
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Washington e-bike law guide

West Virginia

Class split. On West Virginia wildlife management areas, bicycles may be ridden only on roads normally open to public travel and on routes posted for them; ATVs, motorbikes and snowmobiles are barred except where signs permit them on designated roads and trails.

The WMA rule never names e-bikes, but state law gives Class 1 and Class 2 e-bikes the same rights as ordinary bicycles on roads and trails where bicycles are allowed, and bars Class 3 from bike paths and trails unless the managing agency permits it.

The rule reads: "7.1. The use of mountain bikes or bicycles are permitted only on roads normally open to public travel and designated routes as posted on the area." (W. Va. Code R. § 58-43-7.1).

• By class: Class split by statute: Class 1 and 2 have bicycle rights where bicycles are allowed; Class 3 is kept off bike paths and trails unless inside a roadway or the agency permits it (W. Va. Code § 17C-11-8(h)(2)).
• Riding with a disability: The WMA rule sets no disability vehicle-access provision; state e-bike law says its bicycle-equal treatment of Class 1 and 2 is meant to open public lands to people with disabilities, health issues or age limits.
• Penalty: Breaking a Natural Resources rule with no set penalty is a misdemeanor: a fine of $20 to $300, 10 to 100 days in jail, or both (W. Va. Code § 20-7-9).
• Current: 58 CSR 43 took effect May 9, 1995 and is listed as the active rule; § 17C-11-8 was last amended by HB 2062 (2023).

Wisconsin

Class split. On Wisconsin DNR lands (state wildlife areas included), no vehicle may be driven unless posted notice allows it, and bicycles may use only public highways and areas or trails posted for bicycles.

Class 1 and Class 3 e-bikes may use listed state trails and posted trails that are open to bicycles, below 15 mph while the motor is engaged; the DNR can post trails closed to e-bikes. Class 2 (throttle) e-bikes are not in that allowance.

The rule reads: "Class 1 and class 3 electric bicycles as defined in s. 340.01 (15ph) , Stats., may be operated at speeds of less than 15 miles per hour while the motor is engaged on trails listed in s. NR 51.73 (1) and subject to this chapter that are otherwise open to bicycles" (Wis. Admin. Code NR 45.05(3)(em)1.).

• By class: Class split: Class 1 and Class 3 are allowed on listed state trails and posted bicycle trails under 15 mph; Class 2 is not named in the allowance.
• Riding with a disability: The DNR may issue a permit letting a person whose physical disability affects mobility use a motorized vehicle to get around on department lands, with up to two helpers (Wis. Admin. Code NR 45.05(3)(d)1.).
• Penalty: Not confirmed. No penalty figure is printed here until the statute that attaches one is confirmed at its official source.
• Current: NR 45.05(3)(e) was amended effective July 1, 2026 (CR 25-088), and (3)(em) was rewritten effective August 1, 2024 (CR 23-060).
• The rest of the state's e-bike law: our Wisconsin e-bike law guide

Wyoming

Roads only. On land and water the Wyoming Game and Fish Commission owns or administers (wildlife habitat management areas and Access Yes lands included), no one may drive a motor vehicle except on designated or established roads, and the Commission's current rule defines 'motor vehicle' to include an electric bike.

WGFD tells visitors that all motorized vehicles, including e-bikes, must stay on established and marked roads. (Wyoming's traffic code excludes electric bicycles from its own motor-vehicle definition; the Commission's rule names them anyway, and it governs its lands.)

The rule reads: "(n) “Motor vehicle” means any motor vehicle as defined in Wyoming Statute Title 31-1-101 (a)(xv) including but not limited to a motor home, motorcycle, passenger car, truck, electric bike, off-road recreational vehicle and multipurpose vehicle." (WGFC Chapter 23 § 3(n); rule at § 5(a)(iii)).

• By class: No class split in the Commission rule: 'electric bike' is named as one group. Wyoming law defines three classes with a motor under 750 W (W.S. 31-1-101(a)(xxxiv)).
• Riding with a disability: Chapter 23 contains no disability vehicle-access provision.
• Penalty: Not confirmed: Chapter 23 treats a failure to follow its restrictions as a violation of the regulation and names no penalty. No penalty figure is printed here until the statute that attaches one is confirmed at its official source.
• Current: The current Chapter 23 was signed March 12, 2024.