Specialized eBikes 2026: Every US Model, Owner, Recalls

Specialized, model by model: its US store, its warranty, return and delivery terms, the federal recall record and the statutes, read on October 25, 2026. Who makes and owns Specialized, all 73 e-bike listings, where each one stands under state law, and two bikes we sell beside the Globe Haul. Pictured: Specialized's own photograph of its Turbo Levo 4 Alloy in Satin Cayenne Metallic, set in a studio scene built around it.

Quick Answer — Specialized eBikes are made by Specialized Bicycle Components of Morgan Hill, California, and sold on specialized.com and through authorized retailers. On October 25, 2026, its US store listed 73 e-bikes and framesets at $2,499.99 to $13,499.99, the Turbo models on motors Specialized rates at 250 W or under and the Globe Haul cargo bikes on a 700 W hub.

The CPSC's recall database holds five recalls since November 2018 that name a Specialized e-bike or a part fitted to one. The latest, 26-330 of March 19, 2026, covers the fork on about 5,720 Turbo Como SL bikes, with a free fork replacement at an authorized dealer (CPSC recall 26-330).

Before you buy a Specialized, ask the shop which class the bike is set to, register it within 90 days so the frame warranty runs for your lifetime, and keep the receipt. Pricing a cargo bike? Two bikes we sell stand at or under the Globe Haul's motor figure and top speed, from $339.99, and every e-bike we sell ships free to the lower 48.

On this page

• who makes and owns Specialized
• the recall record and UL 2849
• every Specialized e-bike: all 73 listings side by side
• the bikes we sell beside the Globe Haul
• rated or peak watts
• speed, classes and the law
• warranty, returns, delivery and payment
• where to buy a Specialized
• Specialized or Trek
• the checklist
• the honest ledger
• questions
• the bottom line
• limitations

Key facts

• Maker: Specialized Bicycle Components, 15130 Concord Circle, Morgan Hill, California, as its own bike documents print it
• Ownership: Merida Industry Co., Ltd. of Taiwan holds 35% of Specialized Bicycle Components Holding Company, Inc., by Merida's financial statements for March 31, 2026
• History: "since 1974," in Specialized's words
• Where you buy: specialized.com, shipped to your home or to a retailer, and Specialized's authorized retailers
• E-bike listings on the US store, October 25, 2026: 73 (69 bikes, 4 framesets), $2,499.99 to $13,499.99 at that day's prices, the maker's list prices $2,699.99 to $14,399.99
• Motors: Specialized's own Turbo systems, which Specialized rates at 250 W or under, and the Globe Haul's 700 W rear hub
• Assist: to 28 mph on 29 of the 69 bikes, to 20 mph on the 3 Kenevo SL 2 bikes; 37 bike pages print no assist speed
• Warranty: frame and fork for the original owner's lifetime if registered within 90 days, 2 years if not; e-bike motors and drive systems 2 years; Turbo batteries 2 years or 300 charge cycles
• Returns: free within 30 days of delivery on specialized.com orders, new and unused, in the original box
• Recall record: five CPSC recalls, November 2018 to March 2026
• Verified: October 25, 2026

Who makes Specialized, and is it an American company?

Specialized Bicycle Components is based in California: its bike documents give its address as 15130 Concord Circle, Morgan Hill, California 95037, with a main line of (408) 779-6229 and a Rider Care line of 877-808-8154 (Specialized bike description, Vado SL 2). Its company page tells the story in its own words: "We are riders—that fact has guided our every decision since 1974" (Specialized, About us).

The e-bikes carry the Turbo name, and the cargo bikes the Globe name; both are sold under Specialized's own store and warranty. On October 25, 2026, the store's Electric Bikes category returned 73 results on one page (Specialized e-bikes).

Merida's 35% and the rest of the ownership

Merida Industry Co., Ltd., the Taiwanese bicycle maker, reports a 35% holding in "Specialized Bicycle Components Holding Company, Inc." at March 31, 2026, the same share it reported at the end of 2025 and at March 31, 2025, and it carries that holding as an associate, not a subsidiary (Merida Industry, consolidated financial statements for the three months ended March 31, 2026, Note 13).

Merida's 2025 annual report gives the same holding as 3,409,982 shares, a 35.39% shareholding ratio (Merida Industry, 2025 annual report). Neither document names the other holders, and Specialized's own company page tells its history without naming an owner.

Where Specialized e-bikes are made

The 73 product pages print no country of manufacture: none of their specification tables carries an origin line, and the only "made in" on any of them is in an owner's review (Specialized e-bikes).

Specialized's own manuals show that its batteries come from more than one country. The battery-label guide in the Vado SL 2 manual codes a battery's production year with a digit when it is "Made in China" and with a letter when it is "Made in Taiwan" (Turbo Vado SL 2 user manual, § 14.6).

For the bike in front of you, read the labels on its frame and battery, or ask the retailer to.

Reaching Specialized

Specialized's FAQ puts the serial number "on a sticker on the underside of your toptube and/or downtube as well as on the underside of your bike, underneath the bottom bracket," and says serials "typically start with the prefix 'WSBC,' 'WUD,' 'STT,' or 'STE'" (Specialized FAQ). The same FAQ says specialized.com delivers "only ... to residential mailing addresses within the United States, or to one of our USA Based Retailers," never to a PO box.

Warranty claims start with an authorized retailer, or with Rider Care for an order placed on specialized.com (Specialized warranty).

The safety record: five CPSC recalls and UL 2849

Five recalls in the CPSC's database name a Specialized e-bike or a part fitted to one, from November 2018 to March 2026; every one comes with a free repair or replacement through a Specialized retailer. The Commission's list of product safety warnings, read in full the same day, names no Specialized product (CPSC product safety warnings).

The two latest: the Haul seat post and the Como SL fork

Recall 25-319 of June 5, 2025, covers the 13-inch telescopic seat post on about 11,100 Globe Haul ST and LT bikes sold from January 2023 through March 2025; the free repair is "a new post made of a different material" (CPSC recall 25-319). If you are buying a Haul, ask whether its post has been replaced.

Recall 26-330 of March 19, 2026, covers the fork on every Turbo Como SL, whatever the model, sold from March 2021 through January 2026, with replacement parts "expected to be available in Spring 2026." The Como SL is not among the 73 listings on October 25, 2026, so this recall matters most if you are looking at a used one.

Checking a Specialized you own or are buying

Specialized keeps its own list of safety notices, which matches the CPSC record and adds an August 2022 notice to its 2021 battery recall (Specialized safety notices). Before you ride a used bike home, read its serial number from the sticker under the frame and check it against that list.

On a Turbo battery, look at the resin seals on the case bolts. The Vado SL 2 manual says a battery with "missing or broken seals ... must not be used and immediately be returned to your authorized Specialized retailer" (Turbo Vado SL 2 user manual, § 14.7).

What Specialized says about UL 2849

61 of the 73 listings carry one compliance line in their specification tables: "As applicable, certified to UL 2849 (e-system) and/or UL 2271 (battery) by UL Solutions and/or SGS." The other 12 print no compliance row. "As applicable" means the line does not tell you which standard covers which model, so ask the retailer for the certificate of the bike you choose.

Every Specialized eBike in the US: 73 listings side by side

On October 25, 2026, Specialized's US store listed 73 e-bikes in its Electric Bikes category: 69 complete bikes and 4 S-Works framesets, from model years 2022 to 2027 (Specialized e-bikes). Where a page states an assist speed, it is 20 or 28 mph.

At that day's prices the listings ran from $2,499.99 to $13,499.99; 38 showed a markdown, and before markdowns the maker's list prices ran from $2,699.99 to $14,399.99.

Stock moves daily, so check your size before you travel to a shop. 67 of the 73 listings had at least one size in stock online that day; 47 could ship to your home or to a retailer, and 26 offered only collection at a retailer (Specialized, Buying a bike online).

The table gives you each listing as Specialized prints it: the price that day, the motor line from its specification table with any assist speed its page states, its battery, its weight in the size Specialized weighed, and the total weight limit from Specialized's own documents for that frame. The same 73 rows, with each limit's source, can be downloaded as a CSV file or a JSON file.

The Turbo Vado and Vado SL commuters

The Vado family is the largest group: 13 Turbo Vado listings and 14 Turbo Vado SL listings, every one in stock in at least one size. The Vado 2 bikes run Specialized's 2.0 and 2.2 motors, "250W nominal" by their own spec rows, with assist "up to 28 mph"; the Vado 3 bikes run the 3.1 motor, and their pages print no assist speed (Turbo Vado 2 4.0; Turbo Vado 3 EVO 4.0).

The Vado SL 2 bikes carry the lighter SL 1.2 motor, and Specialized's copy says it "gets you up to a top speed of 28 mph in a blink" (Turbo Vado SL 2 4.0). The cheapest listing on the store that day, at $2,499.99, was a Vado 2 4.0 marked down from $4,099.99 (Turbo Vado 2 4.0).

If you ride 300 lb or more with cargo, check the limit column: every Vado frame is rated for 300 lb total, except the carbon Vado SL 2, at 275 lb (2022 Vado user manual, § 4.4; Vado X 3 user manual; Vado SL 2 Alloy user manual; first-generation Vado SL limits).

The Turbo Como

If you ride upright around town, the six Turbo Como listings run from $2,999.99 to $6,499.99, city bikes with assist to 28 mph printed on five of the six pages.

Two of the older Comos name the motor's maker in their specification rows, "Motor, Brose, gen2," where the current ones say "Specialized 2.0" or "2.2" (Turbo Como 4.0). Specialized's Support Center gives the Como a 300 lb total limit (Turbo Como Gen 2 manuals and weight limits).

The Globe Haul ST and LT

The two Globe Haul cargo bikes cost $2,699.99 for the ST and $3,799.99 for the LT, with a "700w rear hub motor" and a 772 Wh battery. The LT's page says it carries you and your gear "at up to 28 mph"; the ST's page prints no top speed of its own (Globe Haul ST; Globe Haul LT).

Specialized rates the ST for 419 lb total and the LT for 440 lb, rider included, with up to 132 lb and 176 lb on the rear rack (Haul ST weight limits; Haul LT weight limits). Neither ships with a throttle; the Globe Throttle is a $59.99 accessory. On October 25, 2026, the LT had no size in stock online and the ST had one of its two colors.

Specialized's own photograph of the Globe Haul ST in Gloss White Mountains, the color it had in stock online on October 25, 2026.

The Turbo Levo, Levo SL and Kenevo SL mountain bikes

If you ride trails, mountain bikes make up 29 of the 73 listings: 21 Turbo Levo (Levo 4 and Levo R, from $4,999.99 for the Levo 4 Alloy), 4 Levo SL and 4 Kenevo SL. The Levo 4 and Levo R pages print a 3.1 motor at "105Nm torque, 810W power," or "111Nm power, 850W power" on the S-Works bikes, and no assist speed.

Specialized's Support Center explains why: its motors' assist limits "are country- and region-specific and depend on local regulations (for example 25 km/h, 32 km/h, or 45 km/h / 28 mph)" (Turbo Levo 4 motors). The Kenevo SL 2 pages are the only ones to state a 20 mph limit: "massive power delivered, up to 20mph/32kph" (Turbo Kenevo SL 2 Comp).

A carbon Levo or Kenevo SL is rated for 275 lb total, an alloy Levo for 300 lb (Turbo Levo 4 guidelines; Levo SL 2 weight limits; Kenevo SL weight limits).

The Turbo Creo 2 road and gravel bikes

If you ride drop bars on road or gravel, the nine Turbo Creo 2 listings run the SL 1.2 motor, from $4,499.99 to $13,499.99, and they include the lightest weight printed on the store: the S-Works Turbo Creo 2, weighed at 28 lb in a 56 cm frame. Their pages print no assist speed. Specialized rates both the carbon and the alloy Creo 2 for 275 lb total (Creo 2 manuals and weight limits).

Where Specialized's own pages differ

Two figures differ between Specialized's own pages, and you get both here:

• Haul LT capacity. The Support Center gives "440 / 200" lb/kg structural; the LT's product page says the center stand handles "up to 441 lbs of it (rider included)." Plan your loads on 440.
• Haul ST top speed. The ST's page states none; the Globe Throttle's own text says that on "your Globe bike," pedal assist will "give you a boost to 28mph after the throttle reaches its limit" (Globe Throttle). The screen below reads the ST at 28 mph.

Older model years still listed

Seven of the 73 listings are model years 2022 and 2023, and 11 are 2025; the other 55 are 2026 and 2027 (Specialized e-bikes). Every 2026 listing and 9 of the 11 from 2025 carried a markdown that day, against 2 of the 29 from 2027. Specialized's warranty terms run from the date of purchase, so a 2023 bike you buy new today starts its term the day you buy it (Specialized warranty).

Buying a used Specialized e-bike

A second owner of a Turbo is covered for two years "from date of original retail purchase by original purchaser," and Assisted Replacement covers subsequent owners who hold a valid proof of purchase (Specialized warranty). Ask the seller of a used bike for the first owner's receipt.

Our picks: a bike we sell beside the Globe Haul

We do not sell Specialized. For 2 of the 73 listings, the Globe Haul ST and LT, the cards below are bikes we sell that stand on the same footing or a lower one: a motor rated at or under the Haul's 700 W, a top speed at or under its 28 mph, and one motor. How we matched them has the detail.

Every card's price, stock and specifications were read at its maker's US store on October 25, 2026. Find your Haul in the table; the name of the bike beside it opens its card, and our e-bike reviews hold the full review of each.

Beside the Globe Haul ST and LT

The Haul ST and LT are Specialized's cargo bikes, a 700 W rear hub with pedal assist to 28 mph, built for 419 lb and 440 lb total on 20-inch wheels, at $2,699.99 and $3,799.99. If what you haul is groceries, a backpack and a commute, two of our bikes do that work for a fraction of the price.

VTUVIA's own photograph of the Zeal LT7, the one its store shows for the Lemon Yellow option this card's button orders.

ZOONLAI's own photograph of the UrbanX in grey, the one color ZOONLAI shows for it.

Who should still buy the Haul

Neither card is a cargo bike, so be honest about your loads. Specialized lists a passenger seat among the Haul's accessories, and its rear rack holds 132 lb on the ST and 176 lb on the LT, against the Zeal LT7's 50 lb rack (Globe Haul LT; Haul LT weight limits). If you carry a child or long, heavy loads, the Haul is the bike built for it.

Where we have no match today

71 of the 73 listings have no card. Specialized rates every Turbo motor at 250 W or under: "All full power motors provide 250w of nominal output," and the SL 1.2's "Nominal / rated watts (mech.)" is "250 w" (Full Power Motors; SL 1.2 motor overview).

The only bikes we sell rated at or under 250 W are Eunorau's three EKIDS kids' bikes, so no adult bike of ours stands on a Turbo's footing. For a trail ride on a bike we sell, start with our electric mountain bike guide; for the commute a Vado does, our commuter guide.

Why buy one of these from us

You deal with one store and one support desk, and our terms of service name the company behind your order. Write to support@redtailebikes.com about either bike; our contact page says we typically reply within one business day, and a voicemail on our line gets a call back.

Shipping is free to every address in the contiguous United States; bikes are dispatched within 1–3 business days of a confirmed order, and most e-bikes arrive within 5–10 business days after dispatch (our shipping policy).

Photograph any damage within 48 hours of delivery and we file the carrier claim and arrange the fix; a defect falls under its maker's warranty, and we take that claim up with the maker for you (our refund policy). Our checkout takes Visa, Mastercard, American Express and the other major cards, plus Google Pay where your browser offers it.

How we matched each bike

A card appears only when our bike's motor rating sits at or under the figure printed for the Specialized beside it: 700 W for the Haul, against 500 W on both cards. Each card's top speed sits at or under the Haul's 28 mph by its maker's own specification (VTUVIA Zeal LT7; ZOONLAI UrbanX).

Neither maker prints that its speed setting can be raised, and each card carries one motor.

Owners' and reviewers' comments on both bikes were read before they went on the page. Five other bikes of ours passed the motor and speed test and were left off: their makers print a speed limit that can be raised, or the bike was sold out at its maker.

Rated or peak: what Specialized's motor numbers mean

Specialized prints its motors two ways. The listings give peak figures, "810W power" or "850W power" on the 3.1 motor, and the Support Center gives the rated figure, 250 W (Full Power Motors). The table gives each drive as Specialized prints it.

The difference matters when you check a bike against the law. A Turbo Levo can deliver 810 W at its peak, and Specialized still rates it at 250 W "nominal," the "power output that the motor can maintain over a defined period of time in a standardized test" (Full Power Motors). The Haul's 700 W carries no label either way, so it is screened at 700.

Speed, classes and the law: where a Specialized stands

42 of the 50 states write Classes 1, 2 and 3 into their e-bike definitions (43 from December 1, 2026, when North Carolina adds them), by our state law table: Class 1 assists to 20 mph while you pedal, Class 2 adds a throttle to 20 mph, and Class 3 assists to 28 mph while you pedal. A Specialized's footing depends on its rated motor, its assist speed and whether a throttle is fitted.

What the definitions say

California's § 312.5 shows how the classes are written. An electric bicycle has "an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power" (Cal. Veh. Code § 312.5).

A Class 1 "ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour, and that is not capable of providing assistance to reach speeds greater than 20 miles per hour"; a Class 3 "ceases to provide assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 28 miles per hour, and equipped with a speedometer" (Cal. Veh. Code § 312.5).

The same section requires makers to label every e-bike with "the classification number, top assisted speed, and motor wattage" (Cal. Veh. Code § 312.5(c)). No Specialized product page states a class, so the label on the frame is where you read it.

What our 51-jurisdiction screen gives

We ran each of the 69 complete Specialized bikes through the e-bike definition of all 50 states and the District of Columbia, at the rated motor figure and the speed each page prints; the four framesets are not complete bicycles. A listing that prints no speed was run at both 20 and 28 mph, since Specialized documents both settings.

At 28 mph, a Specialized sits outside the e-bike definition of eight jurisdictions today: the District of Columbia, Massachusetts, Montana, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania and South Carolina.

If you live in one of those eight, read your state's page before you choose a 28 mph setting. Alaska and Kentucky write no e-bike definition at all. At 20 mph, every bike fits the definition in all 49 jurisdictions that have one, Pennsylvania's aside for the one Como whose page prints no weight.

The 20 mph and 28 mph lines

Where Class 3 is allowed, a 28 mph Specialized is a Class 3 by its figures, and that state's Class 3 rules apply to its rider. Where a definition stops at 20 mph, the same bike set to 28 mph falls outside it, and the state's vehicle code decides what it is instead.

The state law pages give each state's line in its statute's own words. If your state stops at 20 mph, a Specialized that can be set to 20 is the one to buy, and the setting it ships with is the first thing you ask the shop.

Some states attach a cost to riding without the right papers. New Jersey's P.L.2025, c.285 requires you to carry "the valid driver's license, the insurance identification card, and the registration certificate" whenever you ride "a motorized bicycle or low-speed electric bicycle with motor engaged on the highways of this State," and "Any person violating this subsection shall be subject to a fine not exceeding $50" (P.L.2025, c.285).

If you ride in New Jersey, read our New Jersey page before you take your Specialized out.

Switching classes on a Specialized

Some Specialized bikes let the rider change the assist limit. The Vado 3 manual's "Rider Speed Limit (Limited Use)" section says the setting "is only available in countries where multi-class e-bicycles are allowed," on bikes that "can be identified by the decal on the frame" (Turbo Vado 3 user manual, § 13.8).

The same manual says "the default assistance speed limit for bicycles is set by the country or region where you ride your bicycle."

Its classes are "CLASS 1: The motor provides assistance up to a maximum speed of 16 mph (25 km/h) or 20 mph (32 km/h), depending on your regional regulations" and "CLASS 3: The motor provides assistance up to a maximum speed of 28 mph (45 km/h)." After a change, "the new classification must be displayed at all times," and the manual warns that "adjusting the speed limit on your E-bike may void the manufacturer's warranty."

Whether a bike set to Class 1 that can be switched to 28 mph is a Class 1 under California's words, "not capable of providing assistance to reach speeds greater than 20 miles per hour," is a question the statute does not settle (Cal. Veh. Code § 312.5(a)(1)). One reading looks at the setting the bike is ridden on; the other at what the bike can do.

Until a court or the legislature answers it, treat a switchable bike as a Class 3 wherever Class 3 is restricted, and ride it on Class 1 paths only where your state or city allows that bike there.

The Globe Throttle and California

The Haul's throttle is the $59.99 Globe Throttle, which "allows you to motor up to 20mph without needing to pedal," while "pedal assist will still be there to give you a boost to 28mph after the throttle reaches its limit" (Globe Throttle).

Its page carries Specialized's own note for one state: "California riders: CA SB 1271 mandates that e-bikes with throttles be Class 2, limited to 20MPH. To use your Globe with a throttle in California, visit your authorized retailer for a Class 2 firmware update."

The statute explains why. California's Class 2 is a bike "not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour," and its Class 3 is "not capable of exclusively propelling the bicycle" (Cal. Veh. Code § 312.5(a)(2)-(3)). A Haul with a throttle to 20 and assist to 28 fits neither class in California until the firmware caps it.

Outside California, ask the retailer how the throttle setting fits your state's Class 2 definition before you fit it.

On national park trails

If you take a Levo or a Kenevo SL into a national park, the trail decides first: "The Superintendent will designate the areas open to electric bicycles" (36 CFR 4.30(i)(1)). Ride only where the park allows it: a person convicted of breaking the park regulations "shall be subject to the criminal penalties provided under 18 U.S.C. 1865" (36 CFR 1.3(a)).

Those penalties are a sentence of up to six months: the offender "shall be imprisoned not more than 6 months, fined under this title, or both" (18 U.S.C. § 1865(a)). Check the park's own e-bike page before you unload your bike.

North Carolina from December 1, 2026

North Carolina's definition stops at 20 mph until November 30, 2026. From December 1, 2026, Session Law 2026-46 moves the state to three classes, with a Class 3 that assists to 28 mph, and a 28 mph Specialized fits the definition there (S.L. 2026-46, § 19(a)). From that day the count of definitions a 28 mph Specialized falls outside drops from eight to seven.

California from January 1, 2027

SB 1167, chaptered on September 30, 2026, rewrites § 312.5 from January 1, 2027. It keeps the three classes and the 750 W cap word for word (SB 1167, § 8).

It adds a list of vehicles that are not e-bikes, among them one "capable of attaining a speed greater than 20 miles per hour on motor power alone" and one "intended by the manufacturer to be modifiable to ... Provide assistance when the vehicle reaches a speed exceeding 28 miles per hour." No figure Specialized prints for any of the 73 listings crosses those lines, so the screen reads the same on both sides of that date.

Specialized's warranty, returns, delivery and payment, read in full

These are Specialized's terms for a bike you buy new in the United States, read on October 25, 2026. Your retailer's own terms can add to them.

What the warranty covers

Register your bike within the first 90 days and you get Specialized's "Lifetime warranty * to the original owner against structural defects in material or workmanship on ALL models of Specialized-branded frames and forks"; an unregistered frame gets 2 years (Specialized warranty).

"Motors & Drive systems components on e-bikes" are covered for 2 years, and "Turbo batteries have a warranty for 2 years or 300 charge cycles — whichever comes first." Its Support Center adds that the 2019-2020 Levo FSR and the 2020 Kenevo motors carry 4 years (Full Power Motors). "Subsequent Owners (second or later) are covered by a two year warranty from date of original retail purchase by original purchaser."

Assisted Replacement

Damage from riding that the warranty does not cover can qualify for Specialized's Assisted Replacement, under which "we'll replace or repair it at a discounted price." Turbo electronic components, "batteries, motors, displays, remotes, electronic cables," are eligible for 5 years, and frames for life (Specialized warranty).

Specialized's price table for "Turbo power train pricing" lists 50%, 35%, 20% and 0% for parts under 3 years old, 3 to 4, 4 to 5 and over 5 years; your retailer quotes the price.

Returns

Specialized's return policy takes back a purchase made on www.Specialized.com within "thirty (30) days of delivery" at no charge, new and unused and in the original box (Specialized return policy). It does "not accept returns for items purchased through other channels such as Specialized owned stores, third party retailers and independent websites," and "Turbo batteries purchased online must be returned through an authorized retailer."

Delivery and pickup

Specialized's buying page offers you three routes. "Ship to Home" sends the bike "pre-built and professionally test-ridden ... with just a few parts removed for shipping"; "Ship to Store" sends it to a retailer near you, where it is "professionally assembled"; and reserving holds a bike "in-store for 24 hours" for a test ride (Buying a bike online).

Its FAQ adds that "there is a destination fee for bikes which may change based on model and delivery method," and that a replacement Turbo battery carries "a $75 shipping charge" (Specialized FAQ). Of the 73 listings on October 25, 2026, 47 could be shipped home and 26 could only be collected at a retailer.

Paying over time at Specialized

Specialized's checkout lists Affirm, with "4 interest-free payments every two weeks or longer-term monthly payments" at "Rates from 0-36% APR," subject to Affirm's eligibility check (Specialized's Affirm page).

Its FAQ also points military members, first responders and nurses to a discount through its Hero Pro Program, verified "through ID.me" (Specialized FAQ).

Where to buy a Specialized e-bike

You can buy your Specialized on specialized.com, at a Specialized-owned store or at an authorized retailer. The store finder searches by city or ZIP code and filters for shops with "Test Rides" and "Turbo" service (Specialized store finder).

Where you buy changes your terms. Specialized's own return policy covers only orders placed on specialized.com, and warranty claims go through an authorized retailer (Specialized return policy). For an independent e-bike shop near you, our national directory of e-bike stores is sorted by state and city.

Specialized or Trek?

Of the comparison searches gathered for this page, 26 set Specialized beside Trek, more than any other bike maker; Cannondale is next at 8. On the record, the two are close: both sell through their own stores and authorized retailers, and both warrant a frame for the first owner's lifetime (Trek warranty).

Where they differ is the drive and the price floor. Specialized fits its own Turbo motors and listed 73 e-bikes from $2,499.99 on October 25, 2026. Trek's US store listed 62 from $1,699.99 on October 23, 2026 (Trek electric bikes), and our Trek profile reads its lineup, motors and terms the same way this page reads Specialized's.

Before you buy a Specialized e-bike: the checklist

Seven checks, in the order you meet them, take a Specialized from the listing to your garage with the class, the limit, the recall record and the warranty settled.

1. Choose the class your roads and trails allow, and ask the shop which class the bike is set to and whether it can be switched.
2. Read the class, top assisted speed and wattage label on the frame.
3. Check the total weight limit in the lineup table against your weight plus your cargo: 275 lb on carbon frames and every Creo 2, 300 lb on most others, 419 lb and 440 lb on the Haul.
4. Have the serial number checked against Specialized's safety notices, and on a used Haul ask whether the seat post was replaced under recall 25-319.
5. Register the bike within 90 days for the lifetime frame warranty, and keep the receipt.
6. For a throttle on a Haul in California, ask the retailer for the Class 2 firmware update.
7. Ask for the destination fee and the delivery route, home or shop, before you pay.

The honest ledger

What Specialized gives you on its own terms sits in the left column; the right column says who should read further, and where on this page or ours to go.

Frequently asked questions

Are Specialized electric bikes good?

On the record, Specialized backs its e-bikes with a lifetime frame warranty for a registered first owner and 2 years on motors and drive systems (Specialized warranty), and a dealer network that builds and services them. Its five CPSC recalls since 2018 each came with a free repair or replacement. Whether one is good for you comes down to class, motor and budget; the lineup table sets all 73 side by side.

Who owns Specialized?

Merida Industry Co., Ltd., a Taiwanese bicycle maker, reports holding 35% of Specialized Bicycle Components Holding Company, Inc. at March 31, 2026, as an associate (Merida, Note 13); its 2025 annual report gives that as 3,409,982 shares, 35.39%. Neither Merida's statements nor Specialized's company page names the other owners.

Is Specialized an American company?

Specialized Bicycle Components is based at 15130 Concord Circle, Morgan Hill, California, by its own bike documents (Vado SL 2 bike description), and its company page dates the brand to 1974. Merida of Taiwan holds 35% of its holding company by Merida's own statements. Where a given bike was built is printed on its labels.

Where are Specialized e-bikes made?

Specialized's 73 US e-bike pages print no country of manufacture. Its manuals' battery-label guide codes a battery's production year differently for one "Made in China" and one "Made in Taiwan" (Vado SL 2 manual, § 14.6), so its batteries come from both. For the bike you are buying, read the labels on the frame and battery or ask the retailer.

Who makes Specialized e-bike motors?

Specialized names the motors as its own: the Specialized 2.0, 2.2 and 3.1 full-power motors and the SL 1.1 and SL 1.2 lightweight motors. Two older Turbo Como listings name Brose in their motor rows, "Motor, Brose, gen2" (Turbo Como 4.0). The Globe Haul uses a 700 W rear hub; the motor table gives rated and peak figures.

How long is the Specialized e-bike warranty?

Motors and drive systems on Specialized e-bikes are covered for 2 years, and "Turbo batteries have a warranty for 2 years or 300 charge cycles — whichever comes first." The frame and fork carry a lifetime warranty to the original owner if the bike is registered within 90 days, and 2 years if not (Specialized warranty). The 2019-2020 Levo FSR and 2020 Kenevo motors carry 4 years.

Is the Specialized warranty transferable?

Partly. A second or later owner is "covered by a two year warranty from date of original retail purchase by original purchaser," so on a bike more than two years old, nothing remains (Specialized warranty). Assisted Replacement, Specialized's discounted repair program, is open to subsequent owners who show "a valid proof of purchase," such as the original receipt.

Do Specialized e-bikes have a throttle?

The Turbo bikes are pedal-assist bikes, and Specialized lists no throttle for any of them; its Vado 3 manual describes their settings as Class 1 and Class 3. The Globe Haul ST and LT take a $59.99 accessory, the Globe Throttle, which "allows you to motor up to 20mph without needing to pedal" (Globe Throttle). In California, Specialized tells Haul owners to get a Class 2 firmware update from a retailer before using it.

Which Specialized e-bikes are Class 3?

No product page states a class. 29 of the 69 bikes print assist to 28 mph, the Class 3 figure: the Vado 2, Vado SL and Como commuters and the Globe Haul. The Kenevo SL 2 prints 20 mph. The Levo 4, Levo R, Levo SL 2, Creo 2 and Vado 3 print no speed, and the Vado 3 manual describes a switch between Class 1 and Class 3 where the law allows one (Vado 3 manual, § 13.8).

What is the top speed of a Specialized e-bike?

Assist stops at 28 mph on the bikes that print a top speed, apart from the Kenevo SL 2 at 20 mph. On the Levo 4, Specialized's Support Center says assist "begins to smoothly taper, starting at approximately 43 km/h (≈ 26.7 mph)," as the 28 mph limit nears (Turbo Levo 4 motors). Above the limit, you are riding on your own legs.

Has Specialized recalled any e-bikes?

Yes. The CPSC lists five recalls naming a Specialized e-bike or a part on one: Öhlins forks on some Levo bikes (2018), first-generation Levo and Kenevo batteries (2021), Vado and Como IGH chain guards (2025), Globe Haul seat posts (2025) and Turbo Como SL forks (2026) (CPSC recall 26-330). Each comes with a free repair or replacement at a Specialized retailer.

Does Specialized make a fat tire e-bike?

None of the 73 listings on October 25, 2026, is named or described as a fat-tire bike: the word appears in none of their names, specifications or copy (Specialized e-bikes). The Globe Haul's tires are 20 x 3.5 inches. If you want 4-inch tires, our fat tire e-bike guide matches the ones we sell to riders.

Does Specialized have a military discount?

Specialized's FAQ answers "Yes! Military, First Responders, and Nurses can access our Hero Pro Program through ID.me," and sends you to its Hero Program page for the details (Specialized FAQ). The discount and the products it covers are set on that page, so check it before you order.

Where can I buy a Specialized e-bike near me?

Specialized's store finder lists its retailers by city or ZIP code and filters for "Test Rides" and "Turbo" service (Specialized store finder). You can also order on specialized.com and have the bike shipped home or to a shop for assembly. Free 30-day returns apply only to specialized.com orders.

What is the difference between the Globe Haul ST and LT?

The LT is the long-tail version, $3,799.99 against $2,699.99 for the ST on October 25, 2026. Both run the 700 W rear hub and a 772 Wh battery. The LT is rated for 440 lb total against the ST's 419, takes 176 lb on its rear rack against 132, and weighs 88 lb against 77 (Haul ST weight limits; Haul LT weight limits). That day the LT had no size in stock online.

How does Specialized compare with Trek?

Both sell through their own stores and authorized retailers, and both warrant a frame for the first owner's lifetime (Trek warranty). Specialized fits its own Turbo motors and listed 73 e-bikes from $2,499.99 on October 25, 2026; Trek's US store listed 62 from $1,699.99 on October 23, 2026. Our Trek profile reads Trek the same way.

The bottom line

Specialized is a California-based maker that sells 73 e-bikes in the US, from $2,499.99 that day, through its own store and authorized retailers, with a frame warranted for a registered first owner's lifetime (Specialized warranty). Its Turbo bikes run its own motors, rated at 250 W or under, and five CPSC recalls name its e-bikes or their parts, each with a free fix.

If you buy one, settle the class first, ask what the bike is set to, have the serial checked against the safety notices and register it within 90 days. If you were pricing a Globe Haul for groceries and errands, a bike we sell does that work for less:

• Globe Haul ST or LT, for a rider 5'3" to 6'2": order the VTUVIA Zeal LT7, $1,099
• Globe Haul ST or LT, for a rider 4'7" to 5'11" around town: order the ZOONLAI UrbanX with its rear rack, $359.99

Both ship free to the lower 48, and the Zeal LT7 carries a 50 lb rack and a 350 lb total for $1,600.99 less than a Haul ST.

Limitations

Nine limits apply to this page. Each says what the record behind it covers, what it cannot show you, and what to check before you rely on it.

1. Rated and peak figures. Specialized rates its Turbo motors at 250 W in its Support Center and prints peaks on its listings; the Haul's 700 W carries no rated or peak label, so it is screened as printed. Ask your retailer for the rated figure of the motor on the bike you order.
2. Assist speeds. 37 of the 69 bike pages print no assist speed, and Specialized says its limits are set by country and region, so those bikes were screened at both 20 and 28 mph and neither figure is stated as theirs.
3. Figures that differ between Specialized pages. The two pairs under where Specialized's pages differ are printed both ways; the page plans on the Support Center's 440 lb for the Haul LT.
4. Weights. Specialized weighs one size per listing, and 6 of the 69 bike pages print no weight, so Pennsylvania's 100-pound line could not be checked for the Turbo Como 5.0 IGH screened at 20 mph.
5. The 2022 Vado limit table. It is printed as an image in Specialized's manual and was read with text recognition; its 300 lb and 136 kg agree with each other and with Specialized's other Vado figures.
6. Ownership. Merida's statements give its own 35% and name no other holder; this page states no ownership beyond those statements.
7. The law screen. It reads state definitions one figure at a time; cities, counties and parks set their own rules, and whether a bike that can switch between classes fits a single class is unsettled in the statutes' text.
8. Prices and stock. Specialized's prices, ours and the two makers' were read on October 25, 2026, and any of them can change without notice.
9. One publisher per record. Specialized, Merida and each card's maker alone publish their own prices, specifications, terms and statements, and the CPSC and the legislatures alone publish their records, so each of those facts rests on one reading of that publisher's own record, kept on file.

Expiry conditions

This profile is a reading of Specialized's US store and the public records on October 25, 2026, and it goes out of date when any of these happens:

• Specialized changes a model's price, motor figure or top speed, or adds or drops a listing on its US store.
• The CPSC posts a recall or warning naming a Specialized e-bike or one of its parts.
• North Carolina's three-class definition takes effect on December 1, 2026, or California's rewritten § 312.5 on January 1, 2027.
• Merida reports a different holding in Specialized.
• A card's bike sells out at its maker, or its maker changes its price.

Image credit: the two card photographs and the Globe Haul ST photograph are their makers' own (VTUVIA, ZOONLAI and Specialized), resized only and never retouched.

Cover: the Turbo Levo 4 Alloy in Satin Cayenne Metallic is Specialized's own photograph, scaled as one piece so that every pixel of the bike is Specialized's. The studio around it was generated with Nano Banana Pro on Playcut, and the type was set onto the scene afterward, clear of the bike.

Source register

Each source behind this page, its tier, what it supports and when it was read. T1 is the government's own record: the federal regulator, federal law and regulations, and the state legislatures.

T2 is a company's own pages and records: Specialized's store, Support Center and manuals, Merida Industry's financial statements, Trek's, the alternatives' makers' and ours. Nothing on this page rests on a T3, T4 or T5 source.

Primary sources

Every document the page cites is listed here with its publisher, the part relied on and the day it was read. A deposit copy of each is kept with the page's research record, with an archive link where a capture was made and read back.

1. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), About us, the opening line (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/about-us Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025190833/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/about-us
2. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Electric Bikes, the category's result count (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/shop/ebikes Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025190925/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/shop/bikes/electric-bikes
3. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Warranty, the policy table, the registration note, the claim FAQ and the Assisted Replacement table (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/warranty Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025191314/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/warranty
4. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Return policy, the online return policy and its terms (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/returns-policy Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261026005214/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/returns-policy
5. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Buying a bike online, Ship to Home, Ship to Store and the reserve paragraph (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/how-to-buy-a-bike-online Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261026002335/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/how-to-buy-a-bike-online
6. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), FAQ, Serial numbers, Ordering & Shipping, and the military-discount answer (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/faq Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025191232/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/faq
7. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized's payment page (Affirm), the plan description and the rate disclosure (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/affirm-payments Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261026005252/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/affirm-payments
8. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Safety Notices, the notice list (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/safety-notices Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025200601/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/safety-notices
9. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Store Locator, the search box and the filters (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/store-finder Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261026005334/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/store-finder
10. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Globe Throttle, the description and the California note (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/globe-throttle/p/220823 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025210821/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/globe-throttle/p/220823
11. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Haul LT, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/haul-lt/p/277758 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203010/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/haul-lt/p/277758
12. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Haul ST, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/haul-st/p/277759 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202930/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/haul-st/p/277759
13. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Creo 2 - SRAM RED / XX1 Eagle AXS, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-creo-2-sram-red--xx1-eagle-axs/p/4221805 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203456/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-creo-2-sram-red--xx1-eagle-axs/p/4221805
14. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Creo 2 - SRAM RED / XX1 Eagle AXS, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-creo-2-sram-red--xx1-eagle-axs/p/4263255 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203536/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-creo-2-sram-red--xx1-eagle-axs/p/4263255
15. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Creo 2 - SRAM RED / XX1 Eagle AXS, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-creo-2-sram-red--xx1-eagle-axs/p/4277465 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203623/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-creo-2-sram-red--xx1-eagle-axs/p/4277465
16. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Kenevo SL 2 Frameset, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-kenevo-sl-2-frameset/p/4221331 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205555/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-kenevo-sl-2-frameset/p/4221331
17. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Levo 4, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4/p/4218698 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204736/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4/p/4218698
18. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Levo 4, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4/p/4263414 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205148/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4/p/4263414
19. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Levo 4, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4/p/4291509 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204816/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4/p/4291509
20. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Levo 4 Frameset, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4-frameset/p/4218700 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203702/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4-frameset/p/4218700
21. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Levo 4 Frameset, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4-frameset/p/4221338 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203822/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4-frameset/p/4221338
22. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Levo 4 X, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4-x/p/4292994 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205029/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-4-x/p/4292994
23. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Levo R, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-r/p/4223520 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204448/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-r/p/4223520
24. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Levo R, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-r/p/4291045 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205108/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-r/p/4291045
25. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Levo R Ultralight, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-r-ultralight/p/4298375 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205229/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-r-ultralight/p/4298375
26. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Levo SL 2 Di2, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-sl-2-di2/p/4221349 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205516/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-sl-2-di2/p/4221349
27. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized S-Works Turbo Levo SL 2 Frameset, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-sl-2-framesetset/p/4277413 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205315/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/s-works-turbo-levo-sl-2-framesetset/p/4277413
28. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Como 4.0, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-40/p/4222077 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202648/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-40/p/4222077
29. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Como 4.0, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-40/p/4248975 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202608/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-40/p/4248975
30. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Como 4.0 IGH, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-40-igh/p/206177 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202729/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-40-igh/p/206177
31. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Como 4.0 IGH, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-40-igh/p/4277418 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202528/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-40-igh/p/4277418
32. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Como 5.0 IGH, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-50-igh/p/4222075 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202850/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-50-igh/p/4222075
33. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Como 5.0 IGH, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-50-igh/p/4248973 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202810/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-como-50-igh/p/4248973
34. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Creo 2 Comp - SRAM Apex / X1 Eagle AXS, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-comp-sram-apex--x1-eagle-axs/p/4277467 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203211/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-comp-sram-apex--x1-eagle-axs/p/4277467
35. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Creo 2 Comp - Shimano GRX Di2, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-comp-shimano-grx-di2/p/4263260 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203252/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-comp-shimano-grx-di2/p/4263260
36. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Creo 2 Comp E5 - SRAM Apex Eagle, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-comp-e5-sram-apex-eagle/p/4221861 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203051/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-comp-e5-sram-apex-eagle/p/4221861
37. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Creo 2 Comp E5 - SRAM Apex Eagle, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-comp-e5-sram-apex-eagle/p/4263261 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203131/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-comp-e5-sram-apex-eagle/p/4263261
38. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Creo 2 Expert - Shimano GRX Di2, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-expert-shimano-grx-di2/p/4221806 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203332/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-expert-shimano-grx-di2/p/4221806
39. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Creo 2 Expert - Shimano GRX Di2, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-expert-shimano-grx-di2/p/4263258 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203413/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-creo-2-expert-shimano-grx-di2/p/4263258
40. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Kenevo SL 2 Comp, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-kenevo-sl-2-comp/p/4221334 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205637/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-kenevo-sl-2-comp/p/4221334
41. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Kenevo SL 2 Expert, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-kenevo-sl-2-expert/p/4221333 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205756/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-kenevo-sl-2-expert/p/4221333
42. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Kenevo SL 2 Expert, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-kenevo-sl-2-expert/p/4277407 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205717/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-kenevo-sl-2-expert/p/4277407
43. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo 4 Alloy, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-alloy/p/4263412 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203741/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-alloy/p/4263412
44. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo 4 Comp, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-comp/p/4218708 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203901/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-comp/p/4218708
45. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo 4 Comp, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-comp/p/4263411 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204245/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-comp/p/4263411
46. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo 4 Comp Alloy, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-comp-alloy/p/4263405 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204021/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-comp-alloy/p/4263405
47. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo 4 EVO Comp, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-evo-comp/p/4294787 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204326/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-evo-comp/p/4294787
48. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo 4 EVO Pro, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-evo-pro/p/4294785 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204651/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-evo-pro/p/4294785
49. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo 4 Expert, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-expert/p/4263403 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204532/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-expert/p/4263403
50. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo 4 Pro, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-pro/p/4218702 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204406/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-4-pro/p/4218702
51. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo R Comp, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-r-comp/p/4223523 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204129/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-r-comp/p/4223523
52. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo R Comp Alloy, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-r-comp-alloy/p/4229898 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025203941/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-r-comp-alloy/p/4229898
53. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo R Expert, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-r-expert/p/4223522 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204205/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-r-expert/p/4223522
54. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo R Pro, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-r-pro/p/4295137 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025204611/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-r-pro/p/4295137
55. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo SL 2 Comp, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-sl-2-comp/p/4221352 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205357/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-sl-2-comp/p/4221352
56. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Levo SL 2 Expert Di2, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-sl-2-expert-di2/p/4221351 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205436/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-levo-sl-2-expert-di2/p/4221351
57. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 2 4.0, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-40/p/4277441 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025200642/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-40/p/4277441
58. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 2 4.0 Step-Through, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-40-step-through/p/206161 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025200803/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-40-step-through/p/206161
59. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 2 4.0 Step-Through, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-40-step-through/p/4263677 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025200843/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-40-step-through/p/4263677
60. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 2 4.0 Step-Through, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-40-step-through/p/4277442 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025200722/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-40-step-through/p/4277442
61. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 2 5.0 IGH, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-50-igh/p/4263673 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201044/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-50-igh/p/4263673
62. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 2 5.0 IGH Step-Through, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-50-igh-step-through/p/4263675 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201125/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-50-igh-step-through/p/4263675
63. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 2 5.0 Step-Through, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-50-step-through/p/4263672 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025200923/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-2-50-step-through/p/4263672
64. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 3 EVO 4.0, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-3-evo-40/p/4279840 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201004/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-3-evo-40/p/4279840
65. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 3 EVO 5.0, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-3-evo-50/p/4279838 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201206/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-3-evo-50/p/4279838
66. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 3 EVO 6.0, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-3-evo-60/p/4293013 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201410/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-3-evo-60/p/4293013
67. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 3 X 4.0, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-3-x-40/p/4293140 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201332/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-3-x-40/p/4293140
68. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 3 X 6.0, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-3-x-60/p/4293142 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201452/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-3-x-60/p/4293142
69. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado 5.0 IGH, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-50-igh/p/199872 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201249/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-50-igh/p/199872
70. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 2 4.0, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-40/p/4295057 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201835/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-40/p/4295057
71. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 2 4.0 EQ, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-40-eq/p/4278243 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201534/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-40-eq/p/4278243
72. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 2 4.0 Step-Through, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-40-step-through-/p/4295058 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201916/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-40-step-through-/p/4295058
73. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 2 4.0 Step-Through EQ, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-40-step-through-eq/p/4278245 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201625/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-40-step-through-eq/p/4278245
74. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 2 4.0 Step-Through EQ, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-40-step-through-eq/p/4295569 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201957/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-40-step-through-eq/p/4295569
75. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 2 5.0 EQ, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-50-eq/p/4278244 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201708/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-50-eq/p/4278244
76. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 2 6.0 Carbon, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-60-carbon/p/4206186 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202241/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-60-carbon/p/4206186
77. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 2 6.0 Carbon, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-60-carbon/p/4295053 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202406/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-60-carbon/p/4295053
78. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 2 6.0 EQ Carbon, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-60-eq-carbon/p/4221979 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202325/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-60-eq-carbon/p/4221979
79. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 2 6.0 EQ Carbon, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-60-eq-carbon/p/4295054 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202446/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-2-60-eq-carbon/p/4295054
80. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 4.0 EQ, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-40-eq/p/216533 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202037/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-40-eq/p/216533
81. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 4.0 Step-Through, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-40-step-through/p/188205 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025201753/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-40-step-through/p/188205
82. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 4.0 Step-Through EQ, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-40-step-through-eq/p/188206 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202119/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-40-step-through-eq/p/188206
83. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (specialized.com), Specialized Turbo Vado SL 4.0 Step-Through EQ, the listing's price, specification table and copy (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-40-step-through-eq/p/216535 Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025202159/https://www.specialized.com/us/en/turbo-vado-sl-40-step-through-eq/p/216535
84. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (support.specialized.com), Full Power Motors, the article text and its tables (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://support.specialized.com/kb/sp_en-us/content/ECV3-4916/Full-Power-Motors
85. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (support.specialized.com), Specialized SL 1.2 Motor - Feature Overview, the article text and its tables (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://support.specialized.com/kb/sp_en-us/content/ECV3-5603/Specialized-SL-12-Motor-Feature-Overview
86. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (support.specialized.com), Turbo Levo 4 - Motors, the article text and its tables (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://support.specialized.com/kb/sp_en-us/content/ECV3-9757/Turbo-Levo-4-Motors
87. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (support.specialized.com), Turbo Levo 4 - Guidelines & Tips, the article text and its tables (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://support.specialized.com/kb/sp_en-us/content/ECV3-6779/Turbo-Levo-4-Guidelines-Tips
88. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (support.specialized.com), Turbo Levo SL 2 - Manuals, Torque Specs & Weight Limits, the article text and its tables (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://support.specialized.com/kb/sp_en-us/content/ECV3-4725/Turbo-Levo-SL-2-Manuals-Torque-Specs-Weight-Limits
89. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (support.specialized.com), Turbo Kenevo SL - Manuals, Weight Limits & Torque Specs, the article text and its tables (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://support.specialized.com/kb/sp_en-us/content/ECV3-9653/Turbo-Kenevo-SL-Manuals-Weight-Limits-Torque-Specs
90. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (support.specialized.com), Creo 2 - Manuals, Weight Limits & Torque Specs, the article text and its tables (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://support.specialized.com/kb/sp_en-us/content/ECV3-9624/Creo-2-Manuals-Weight-Limits-Torque-Specs
91. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (support.specialized.com), Turbo Como Gen 2 - Manuals, Weight Limits & Torque Specs, the article text and its tables (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://support.specialized.com/kb/sp_en-us/content/ECV3-9580/Turbo-Como-Gen-2-Manuals-Weight-Limits-Torque-Specs
92. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (support.specialized.com), Haul ST - Manuals, Torque Specs & Weight Limits, the article text and its tables (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://support.specialized.com/kb/sp_en-us/content/ECV3-5244/Haul-ST-Manuals-Torque-Specs-Weight-Limits
93. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (support.specialized.com), Haul LT - Manuals, Torque Specs & Weight Limits, the article text and its tables (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://support.specialized.com/kb/sp_en-us/content/ECV3-5137/Haul-LT-Manuals-Torque-Specs-Weight-Limits
94. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (support.specialized.com), Turbo Vado SL Gen1 - Aftermarket Accessories, the article text and its tables (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://support.specialized.com/kb/sp_en-us/content/ECV3-4857/Turbo-Vado-SL-Gen1-Aftermarket-Accessories
95. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (media.specialized.com), Vado SL 2 bike description (UL), the maker block (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://media.specialized.com/support/collateral/AD_VADO_SL_2_2025_UL_BIKE_DESCRIPTION.pdf
96. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (media.specialized.com), Turbo Vado SL 2 user manual, § 14.6 Battery serial number and § 14.7 Battery security seal indicator (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://media.specialized.com/support/collateral/VADO_SL_2_USER_MANUAL_ENGLISH.pdf Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025191104/https://media.specialized.com/support/collateral/VADO_SL_2_USER_MANUAL_ENGLISH.pdf
97. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (media.specialized.com), Turbo Vado SL 2 Alloy user manual, the structural weight limit (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://media.specialized.com/support/collateral/VADO_SL_2_ALLOY_USER_MANUAL_ENGLISH.pdf Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025210105/https://media.specialized.com/support/collateral/VADO_SL_2_ALLOY_USER_MANUAL_ENGLISH.pdf
98. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (media.specialized.com), Turbo Vado 3 user manual, § 13.8 Rider Speed Limit (Limited Use), Bicycle classes, Changing classes (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://media.specialized.com/support/collateral/VADO_3_USER_MANUAL_ENGLISH.pdf Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025213806/https://media.specialized.com/support/collateral/VADO_3_USER_MANUAL_ENGLISH.pdf
99. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (media.specialized.com), Turbo Vado X 3 user manual, the structural weight limit (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://media.specialized.com/support/collateral/VADO_X_3_USER_MANUAL_ENGLISH.pdf Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205948/https://media.specialized.com/support/collateral/VADO_X_3_USER_MANUAL_ENGLISH.pdf
100. Specialized Bicycle Components, Inc. (media.specialized.com), Turbo Vado user manual (2022), § 4.4 Structural weight limits (the table is an image) (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://media.specialized.com/support/collateral/2022_VADO_USER_MANUAL_ENGLISH.pdf Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025205838/https://media.specialized.com/support/collateral/2022_VADO_USER_MANUAL_ENGLISH.pdf
101. Merida Industry Co., Ltd. (merida-bikes.com), Consolidated Financial Statements for the Three Months Ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 and Independent Auditors' Review Report, Note 13, Investments accounted for using the equity method (2026; read October 25, 2026). https://merida-cdn.m-c-g.net/merida-v2/media-raw/countries/zh-tw/financial-report/2026019914eng.pdf Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025191008/https://merida-cdn.m-c-g.net/merida-v2/media-raw/countries/zh-tw/financial-report/2026019914eng.pdf
102. Merida Industry Co., Ltd. (merida-bikes.com), 2025 Annual Report, § ix, shares held in the same reinvestment business (2026; read October 25, 2026). https://merida-cdn.m-c-g.net/merida-v2/media-raw/countries/zh-tw/shareholder-meeting-2025/2026/20259914annual-report.pdf Archive: https://web.archive.org/web/20261025191035/https://merida-cdn.m-c-g.net/merida-v2/media-raw/countries/zh-tw/shareholder-meeting-2025/2026/20259914annual-report.pdf
103. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Specialized Bicycle Components Recalls Specialized Turbo Como SL Electric Bicycles (recall 26-330), the recall record: product, units, hazard, remedy and sale dates (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2026/Specialized-Bicycle-Components-Recalls-Specialized-Turbo-Como-SL-Electric-Bicycles-Due-to-Risk-of-Serious-Injury-or-Death-from-Fall-Hazard
104. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Specialized Bicycle Components Recalls Globe-Branded Haul ST and LT E-Bikes (recall 25-319), the recall record: product, units, hazard, remedy and sale dates (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2025/Specialized-Bicycle-Components-Recalls-Globe-Branded-Haul-ST-and-LT-E-Bikes-Due-to-Fall-Hazard
105. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Specialized Bicycle Components Recalls Vado and Como IGH E-Bikes with Chain Guards (recall 25-200), the recall record: product, units, hazard, remedy and sale dates (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2025/Specialized-Bicycle-Components-Recalls-Vado-and-Como-IGH-E-Bikes-with-Chain-Guards-Due-to-Fall-Hazard
106. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Specialized Bicycle Components Recalls Electric Mountain Bike Battery Packs (recall 21-770), the recall record: product, units, hazard, remedy and sale dates (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2021/Specialized-Bicycle-Components-Recalls-Electric-Mountain-Bike-Battery-Packs-Due-to-Fire-and-Burn-Hazards-Recall-Alert
107. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, Öhlins Recalls Bicycle Forks Sold on Specialized Bicycles (recall 19-040), the recall record: product, units, hazard, remedy and sale dates (undated; read October 25, 2026). https://www.cpsc.gov/Recalls/2019/Ohlins-Recalls-Bicycle-Forks-Sold-on-Specialized-Bicycles-Due-to-Fall-and-Injury-Hazards
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