
Moped style · one rear hub motor, rated 1,200 W sustained and 1,500 W peak by Smartravel · 48 V 27 Ah, 1,296 Wh · 32 mph published · GPS tracker with a phone app · suspension front and rear · hydraulic disc brakes · Shimano 7-speed · 113.9 lb · a fixed 33-inch bench · green or gray · $1,249.99 · verified September 27, 2026
Quick Answer — The Smartravel Raptor ST202 is a $1,249.99 moped-style e-bike with one rear hub motor that Smartravel rates at 1,200 W sustained, a 1,296 Wh pack and a GPS tracker you check from your phone. Ridden on the throttle at 15 mph over level pavement, a 180 lb rider gets about 71 miles from a full charge.
Push the pace to 20 mph and that charge lasts about 51 miles, or 30 at 28 mph; the range section prices your own speed, load and hills, then holds a quarter of the pack back.
At a light, the fixed 33-inch bench decides your footing: the fit section finds 37 of 100 riders at 5'8" able to set both feet flat, and 94 of 100 at 5'11". A 1,200 W sustained rating and a published 32 mph place the ST202 above the e-bike lines the statutes draw, and the class section lays those lines out.
On September 27, 2026 our listing had the Raptor ST202 orderable at $1,249.99, with $2,299.99 shown as the regular price, the same pair of figures Smartravel's own US store carried that day. This button orders green, and gray costs the same. Delivery to the contiguous United States is free, and Shop Pay can spread the price over 12 months at $112.82 a month at 15% APR, subject to an eligibility check.
Buy the ST202 in greenWhat this review covers
What $1,249.99 buys · What it is · Will it fit you · The motor · The pack · How far it goes · GPS and the app · Brakes, lights and display · Suspension and tires · Weight and load · The Mercer fit test · UL · Recalls · The class question · Where to ride it · Green and red flags · The verdict · Checklist · Buying it from us · FAQ · Limitations · The bottom line · References
How we verified this Smartravel Raptor ST202 review
The figures come from Smartravel's Raptor ST202 page on its US store, read on September 27, 2026, its ST202 app instructions, ZOONLAI's listing of the same bike, our listing, the statutes in the class section, and owners and reviewers named where they speak. The range and fit figures are computed, each formula with its inputs.
The method is specification verification: each number traces to Smartravel or ZOONLAI, a statute, a named owner or reviewer, or arithmetic worked on the page. We sell the ST202, so read the red flags with the same care as the green.
Written by Milad Ghobadibeygvand, BScN (Western University, 2014). Corrections: support@redtailebikes.com.
What $1,249.99 buys
| Smartravel's published figure | |
|---|---|
| Name on its US store | "Smartravel Raptor ST202 GPS-Enabled All-Terrain Electric Bike" |
| Motor | one rear hub, "1200W (sustained), 1500W (peak)"; "1500W Peak Motor" on the spec strip; a geared brushless hub in the feature copy |
| Torque | 86 N·m in the specification table and the feature copy; "up to 95 Nm" in ZOONLAI's description |
| Assist | pedal assist levels 0 to 5, in the FAQ |
| Battery | 48 V 27 Ah (1,296 Wh), one removable pack; the FAQ names LG |
| Range | 60 miles on the spec strip; "up to 60 miles on a full electric charge or over 80 miles with pedal assist" in the feature copy; 60 to 80 in the FAQ |
| Top speed | 32 mph |
| Charger | 54.6 V 3 A |
| Charge time | 5 hours in one FAQ answer, 5 to 6 in another |
| Brakes | hydraulic disc, front and rear |
| Suspension | a hydraulic front fork and a hydraulic shock absorber at the rear |
| Tires | 20 × 4.0 inches, "Unibody, puncture protection" |
| Gears | Shimano 7-speed |
| Display | smart LCD with a USB charger |
| Lights | LED headlight, taillight and brake light |
| Tracking | GPS tracker and phone app, "GPS Tracking + Anti-theft + App Control" on the model chart |
| Seat | a fixed bench, 33 inches in the FAQ; 33.4 inches on ZOONLAI's geometry table |
| Frame | aluminum alloy, rack and fenders included |
| Weight | 113.9 lb (51.6 kg) |
| Load limit | 350 lb, "combined weight of rider and cargo" |
| Vehicle size | 68.11 × 27.17 × 43.31 inches |
| In the box | the ST202, one battery, the charger and a tool kit, in a 58.27 × 13.78 × 34.25-inch carton |
| Safety standard | "Safety Certified in Accordance with UL 2849", in Smartravel's words |
| Assembly | "90% assembled", in the FAQ |
| Recommended use | "City commuting, casual riding", on the page's model chart |
Each row was read on September 27, 2026 from Smartravel's product page, its FAQ and its model chart, or, where marked, ZOONLAI's listing. A row with two published figures prints both, and Limitations records the others. The pack's 1,296 Wh is 48 V × 27 Ah.
A GPS-tracked moped-style bike on one hub motor
Smartravel names it the "GPS-Enabled All-Terrain Electric Bike" and writes that its fat tires make it "perfect for everything from urban commuting to off-road adventures", in the words of its US product page. The same page's model chart lists its recommended use as "City commuting, casual riding".

The green ST202 on a gravel track in ZOONLAI's photograph, dust lifting off the rear tire.
One motor, one pack, a tracker, hydraulic brakes, suspension at both ends, seven Shimano gears, a rack and fenders, on a moped-style frame for $1,249.99. It is the single-motor Raptor: ZOONLAI prints one geometry table for it and the Raptor ST202 Pro, and the Pro carries a motor in each wheel and two 52 V packs for $450 more on our store.
The shape reads as a small motorcycle: a long tan bench, a caged round headlight, a tall fork, 4-inch tires (on gold-colored rims in green) and a rack behind the seat. Martin T., reviewing it on Smartravel's page in April 2026, wrote that "the hunter green color is absolutely beautiful and really stands out."

The green ST202 in Smartravel's studio, facing left: headlight cage, fork, bench and rack in one line.
Owners have had it for a while. Smartravel's listing went up on October 10, 2023, and on September 27, 2026 its page carried 32 owner reviews, 27 at five stars and 5 at four. ZOONLAI's listing shows 28, and 27 of them are the same reviews word for word, so the two counts overlap rather than add.
Theresa C., writing on the same page in December 2024, uses it as a commuter: "The bike can take me all the way to work and home on one charge going 20-25 mph on average."
Will the Raptor ST202 fit you?
Because the ST202 seats you on a bench fixed at 33 inches, fit is two questions: how your feet meet the ground at a stop, and how bent your knee stays while you pedal. Seated, 37 of 100 riders at 5'8" put both feet flat, 55 of 100 at 5'9" and 94 of 100 at 5'11", and for pedaling the bench sits below the 109%-of-inseam height of every median rider in the tables.
The bench does not move: KL, an owner writing on Smartravel's page in January 2024, put it as "the seat does not adjust". The model sets the 6,068 bodies the US Army measured in its 2012 survey against the seat Smartravel publishes and the frame measured on its side photograph of the Raptor.
Three steps put you on the page:
- Measure your inseam in socks, back to a wall, with a hardcover book drawn up firmly between your legs; the floor to the book's top edge is the number.
- Find your row in the stop table to see how your feet land astride a 33-inch bench.
- Check the pedaling table if you will pedal much; it shows how far below the formula's height the bench sits for you.
ZOONLAI publishes a rider range for the ST202 on its size slider, and the two stores publish two seat heights; each sits beside the model's rows here.
| What is published | Its figure | Where it is printed |
|---|---|---|
| Rider height | 5'0" to 6'7" | ZOONLAI's size slider for the ST202, with the line "You will be able to pedal and stand over the frame comfortably" |
| Seat height | 33 in | Smartravel's product page FAQ |
| Seat height | 33.4 in | ZOONLAI's geometry table |

The bench and the rack, from Smartravel's studio photograph: the seat is a single fixed piece with no post to raise.
Will I pedal with a bent knee?
Yes, for nearly every rider: at every height from 5'0" to 6'3" the bench sits under the pedaling height the formula sets for the median rider. That formula puts the saddle's top at 109% of inseam above the pedal axle (Peveler et al., 2005), within a published range reaching down to 106% (Ferrer-Roca et al., 2012).
Since the seat stays put, read the table as the knee bend you will ride with. Converting the formula to a height off the ground uses the 10.9-inch crank axle and the 6.7-inch cranks measured on Smartravel's side photograph of the Raptor frame.
| Your height | Typical inseam | Formula saddle height, median rider | The 33.0 in seat, median rider | Riders it suits, of 100 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5'0" | 27.1–29.7 in | 34.1 in | 1.1 in low | 35 |
| 5'2" | 28.0–31.1 in | 35.2 in | 2.2 in low | 7 |
| 5'4" | 29.1–32.2 in | 36.2 in | 3.2 in low | 0 |
| 5'6" | 30.2–33.5 in | 37.4 in | 4.4 in low | 0 |
| 5'8" | 31.1–34.3 in | 38.4 in | 5.4 in low | 0 |
| 5'10" | 32.2–35.5 in | 39.6 in | 6.6 in low | 0 |
| 6'0" | 33.2–36.7 in | 40.8 in | 7.8 in low | 0 |
| 6'2" | 34.3–37.5 in | 42.0 in | 9.0 in low | 0 |
| 6'3" | 35.3–38.0 in | 42.6 in | 9.6 in low | 0 |
For each height: the floor-to-saddle height the 109% formula asks of the middle rider, the gap between it and the 33-inch bench, and how many riders of 100 have the bench inside their own 106 to 110.4% band. Army survey bodies, men and women pooled.
The gap runs from 1.1 inches at 5'0" to 9.6 inches at 6'3". A low seat folds the knee further at the bottom of the stroke, and the ST202 answers with a motor and a throttle; the effort table shows what your legs save the pack when you do pedal.
Can I put a foot down at a stop?
Mostly yes from 5'9" up: seated on the bench, 55 of 100 riders at 5'9" set both feet flat, 79 of 100 at 5'10" and 94 of 100 at 5'11". Below that the share drops fast, to 37 of 100 at 5'8", 19 of 100 at 5'7" and 11 of 100 at 5'6", so shorter riders stop on the balls of their feet.
Astride a moped-style bench at a light, your legs meet the seat's own height. Measured on the side photograph, the bench's lowest point, the dip ahead of the rack, stands 32.6 inches up, and at 5'8" it sits no more than 1.4 inches above the inseam of 95 of 100 riders.
| Your height | Typical inseam | Clearance at 32.6 in | At 33.0 in | At 33.4 in |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5'0" | 28.4 in | −5.5 in | −5.9 in | −6.3 in |
| 5'2" | 29.5 in | −4.5 in | −5.0 in | −5.4 in |
| 5'4" | 30.5 in | −3.5 in | −3.9 in | −4.3 in |
| 5'6" | 31.7 in | −2.3 in | −2.8 in | −3.2 in |
| 5'8" | 32.6 in | −1.4 in | −1.9 in | −2.3 in |
| 5'10" | 33.8 in | −0.3 in | −0.8 in | −1.2 in |
| 6'0" | 34.9 in | 0.6 in | 0.2 in | −0.2 in |
| 6'2" | 36.0 in | 1.8 in | 1.3 in | 0.9 in |
| 6'3" | 36.6 in | 2.7 in | 2.3 in | 1.9 in |
Barefoot inseam minus each seat figure: 32.6 inches at the bench's dip on the photograph, 33 from Smartravel's FAQ and 33.4 from ZOONLAI's table. The inseam column is the median rider's; each clearance is the one 95 of 100 riders at that height reach or beat, and a minus sign means the seat sits above that inseam.
Short riders have a way on and off. Mountain Weekly News's reviewer, at 5'1", said that "to get on I really found you kind of had to tilt the bike this way" (the review). Lean the bike toward you, swing a leg over, then settle into the bench's dip, its lowest point, before you stop.
Will I feel cramped, or stretched?
Where you sit on the bench decides it: from the middle of its flat the median rider leans 12° at 5'0", 5° at 5'8" and 0° at 6'3" to reach the grips, and from its front edge every height can sit upright. From the crank axle the grips sit 12.6 to 14.3 inches forward and 30.4 to 32.6 inches up, so shorter riders slide toward the front.
Asked to rank three trunk positions, twenty recreational cyclists called the most upright the most comfortable (Priego Quesada et al., 2017). Each row is the smallest lean at which a straight arm reaches the grip, from that body's own torso and arm, seated mid-flat.
| Your height | Lean from upright, median rider | Across saddle and grip positions |
|---|---|---|
| 5'0" | 12° | 0–29° |
| 5'2" | 10° | 0–27° |
| 5'4" | 8° | 0–25° |
| 5'6" | 6° | 0–23° |
| 5'8" | 5° | 0–21° |
| 5'10" | 3° | 0–19° |
| 6'0" | 2° | 0–17° |
| 6'2" | 1° | 0–16° |
| 6'3" | 0° | 0–16° |
The median rider's trunk angle from vertical when seated mid-flat, and the spread from the bench's front to its back across the grip's outline; where a row reads zero, the arm reaches the grip with the back straight up.
How much weight goes through my wrists?
Little, for a bike: the median rider puts 13% of body weight through the grips at 5'0" and 5% at 6'3", back relaxed, seated mid-bench. Ten road racers pedaling on the hoods put 15% through the bars in a lab study (Carahalios, 2015), more than the ST202's median rider at any height here.
Leaning forward moves the load onto the heel of the hand, over the ulnar nerve; across 36 riders that pressure peaked in the most stretched hand position (Slane et al., 2011), and padded gloves cut palm pressure by 10 to 28% in the same work.
| Your height | Share of your weight, back relaxed | Median rider's weight | On each hand |
|---|---|---|---|
| 5'0" | 13% (5–20%) | 126 lb | about 8 lb |
| 5'2" | 11% (5–19%) | 139 lb | about 8 lb |
| 5'4" | 11% (5–18%) | 147 lb | about 8 lb |
| 5'6" | 9% (5–17%) | 166 lb | about 8 lb |
| 5'8" | 8% (5–16%) | 179 lb | about 7 lb |
| 5'10" | 7% (5–16%) | 192 lb | about 7 lb |
| 6'0" | 6% (5–15%) | 204 lb | about 6 lb |
| 6'2" | 5% (5–14%) | 216 lb | about 6 lb |
| 6'3" | 5% (5–15%) | 227 lb | about 6 lb |
The most the hands carry with a relaxed back, from segment weights (Clauser et al., 1969) at the survey's median weight for each height; the bracket spans the bench and grip positions.
How do I set it up when it arrives?
The bench is set for you; setup is the bars, the front wheel and the pedals. Smartravel's FAQ calls the ST202 "90% assembled" and says to "secure the handlebars with a few screws".
Smartravel's own ST202 assembly video runs the rest in order: handlebar, kickstand, front wheel, front fender, headlight, the pedals (marked R for right), the rear rack, then the color-matched cable plugs. Lautaro C. took "about two hours cause I wanted to do it slowly", and Martin T. "was able to put it together by myself with no issues".
On the pedaling itself, cycling research sets the knee at 25 to 35 degrees of bend with the pedal at the bottom (Peveler et al., 2007); on a fixed bench most riders bend further, as the pedaling table shows.
Try the heel check: sitting on the bench, put a heel on the pedal at its lowest point and note how far the leg is from straight. With the saddle raised until that leg just straightened, the method put 70% of 19 cyclists inside the knee range (Peveler et al., 2005); on the ST202 the seat stays, so the check tells you the bend you will pedal with.
How we computed fit
Four relations drive the tables: the saddle belongs 1.09 × inseam above the pedal axle; your stance at a stop is inseam minus seat height; lean is the least trunk angle that lets a straight arm meet the grip; and hand load is upper-body weight times that lean over the reach.
Work it for a 5'8" rider on the survey's median 32.6-inch inseam. The formula asks for 35.6 inches from the pedal, which puts the saddle 28.8 inches from the crank axle (LeMond's 88.3% of inseam gives 28.8 as well), a floor-to-saddle height of 38.4 inches and 5.4 inches above the bench.
| Input | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Rider bodies | 6,068 (4,082 men, 1,986 women) | US Army ANSUR II, 2012 |
| Pedaling formula | 109% of inseam; published range 106–110.4% | Peveler et al., 2005; Ferrer-Roca et al., 2012 |
| Seat height | 33 in, fixed | Smartravel's FAQ |
| Crank length | 6.7 in | measured on the Raptor frame's side photograph |
| Crank axle height | 10.9 in (10.7–11.1) | measured on the Raptor frame's side photograph |
| Grip center | 12.6–14.3 in ahead, 30.4–32.6 in above the crank axle | measured on the Raptor frame's side photograph |
| Bench's lowest point | 32.6 in off the ground | measured on the Raptor frame's side photograph |
| Segment weights | head and trunk 58.0%, each arm 4.9% of body weight | Clauser et al., 1969 |
The frame is measured on Smartravel's studio side photograph of the ST202 Pro, square to the camera, and the maker's own record treats the two Raptors as one frame. ZOONLAI prints the same eight-row geometry table for both, and both of Smartravel's FAQs say "The seat height is 33 inches."
The photograph's scale comes from ZOONLAI's 43.3-inch wheelbase, axle to axle, and was held against four published figures before any length was taken from it:
| Dimension | Smartravel lists | Measured on its studio photo | Gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| total length, the ST202 Pro's | 66.9 in | 66.3 in | −1.0% |
| total height | 43.3 in | 44.2 in | +2.1% |
| handlebar height, on zoonlai.com | 42.1 in | 42.4 in | +0.6% |
| total length, the ST202's own | 68.1 in | 66.3 in | −2.7% |
Every length is scaled from the 43.3-inch wheelbase. The four checks agree to within three percent, and both published seat heights, 33 and 33.4 inches, land on the bench top as it measures, 32.6 to 33.8 inches from dip to front.
Three more figures on ZOONLAI's table sit further from the photograph: against its 68.9-inch length the photograph measures 3.8% short, against its 42.1-inch height 5.1% tall, and its rack top about 3.5 inches below the table's 34.25. Limitations keeps all three.
The two formulas agree on this crank. Add the 6.7-inch crank to LeMond's 88.3% from the crank axle and the median 5'8" rider's saddle comes to 109.1% of inseam from the pedal, within the 106 to 110.4% band and next to Hamley's 109%. Measured on Peveler and colleagues' riders, the LeMond method came to 109.2 ± 0.9% of inseam from the pedal.
Between two rows of the stop table, or under about 5'9" and set on flat feet at every light? Email support@redtailebikes.com with both numbers, and we will run them through this model and answer before you buy. Green is this button; gray is one click away.
Order the Raptor ST202 todayOne rear hub motor, 1,200 W sustained
Smartravel's page describes "The 1500W Upgraded Brushless Geared Hub Motor" with "a high-temperature-resistant inner ring and superior heat dissipation to extend motor life", and adds that it is "Powered by FOC technology".
Its specification table rates the one rear hub at "1200W (sustained), 1500W (peak)" with 86 N·m. The sustained figure is what the motor holds for as long as you ride, so it is the one the range model uses and the one the class section returns to; on level ground it carries the ST202 at 29.5 mph in the model, and Smartravel's 32 mph draws on the peak.

The rear hub motor sits behind the seven-cog cassette; the derailleur and chain are on the same side.
Riders report the top end in their own words. Mountain Weekly News "got this up to 32 mph" (the review); Danny VLOGs found it "goes up to 28 to 34 mph" (Episode 2); Lautaro C., at 5'11" and 150 lb, wrote "my top speed was 35mph, with constant 30mph no issues."
Getting to that speed, Weidi Zhu wrote on Smartravel's page that "The acceleration rate is perfect" and that it "won't be very aggressive and feel safe", and Mountain Weekly News called it "very fast off the line".
The assist level sets how fast the throttle will take you. On a first ride filmed in December 2023, Jenny Lee found the throttle idle on level 0 ("I'm on zero it doesn't work"), then read these speeds on the display (the test ride):
| Assist level | What Jenny Lee read |
|---|---|
| 1 | "it goes up to 11 mph" on the throttle |
| 2 | "16 17 M hour" |
| 4 | "I can get to uh 25" |
From the video's own narration, in the words the captions record; one owner's unit and display, on a cold day. Smartravel's FAQ describes "0 to 5 levels of pedal assist".
A hub motor turns with the wheel it sits in, so the seven gears change how fast your legs spin at a given speed and leave the motor's work unchanged. Our e-bike motor guide compares hub and mid-drive motors on any bike.
One pack, 48 V 27 Ah, 1,296 Wh
48 V × 27 Ah is 1,296 watt-hours, in one removable pack. Smartravel's FAQ names "a powerful LG 48V 27Ah battery", and its battery panel says that "Even after 800 charges, the battery retains 80% capacity", with a BMS among its "smart safeguards".
Smartravel's warranty and return policy puts a second figure on the cells: "engineered to maintain up to 75% of their original capacity for up to 300 charging cycles".
The pack comes out with a key, so it can charge indoors. In Smartravel's assembly video the key turns, a button releases the pack, and it lowers out of the frame. Jenny Lee gave the pack as the reason for buying the bike: "it has a removable battery so I can charge it in the house."
If you read an older review, check which pack it describes. The product's own web address on Smartravel's store still reads "48v-20ah", and Danny VLOGs described a "48volt 20 amp" pack in July 2024. The page today prints 27 Ah, and Omari Hunt, an owner writing on June 15, 2026, wrote "Really love the toughness and 27Ah battery." Ask us which pack the unit you order carries, and we will confirm it in writing.
Charging: plan on a night from empty. Smartravel's FAQ gives "only 5 hours" in one answer and "5-6 hours" in another. Smartravel's charger is rated 54.6 V 3 A; filling 27 Ah at 3 A takes 9 hours of full charging current.
Two owner habits help. Jenny Lee advised giving the first charge "8 hours 10 hours whatever for the first time" before judging the bike, since it would not start until charged, and Smartravel's assembly video shows the charger's light red while charging and green once the pack is full.
How far the Smartravel Raptor ST202 goes on one charge
On level pavement with 180 lb aboard, the ST202 covers about 71 miles from a full charge at 15 mph on the throttle, 51 at 20 mph and 107 at 15 mph with easy pedaling. Climbing an 8% grade at 10 mph on the throttle, the same charge lasts 12 miles.
Three steps turn these tables into your figure:
- Choose a speed and an effort level in the first two tables.
- Add 184 to 248 Wh for every 1,000 feet of 4 to 10% grade you will climb at 10 mph on the throttle, or 162 to 221 Wh if you pedal easily (the hills table).
- Correct for your load and the air temperature, then plan on keeping 25% of the pack as a reserve.
Each row is a single steady ride, computed from Smartravel's specifications, Bafang's figures for a comparable geared hub motor, ten fat tires measured on a drum and a cycling-power model checked on an open road. The formula subsection works one ride through and sets the model beside an owner's measured charge.
Does riding faster cut range? Miles at each speed
Nothing moves the figure like speed: on the throttle, a full charge covers 96 miles at 10 mph but 30 at 28. Pushing air takes power that climbs with the cube of speed, so 20 mph asks about 2.4 times the air's share at 15 mph, (20 ÷ 15)³, and 71 miles at 15 mph shrink to 51.
| Speed, flat | Per mile | Full charge | Keeping 25% back |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10 mph | 13.5 Wh | 96 mi | 72 mi |
| 12 mph | 15.1 Wh | 86 mi | 64 mi |
| 15 mph | 18.3 Wh | 71 mi | 53 mi |
| 18 mph | 22.3 Wh | 58 mi | 44 mi |
| 20 mph | 25.5 Wh | 51 mi | 38 mi |
| 25 mph | 35.3 Wh | 37 mi | 28 mi |
| 28 mph | 42.8 Wh | 30 mi | 23 mi |
| 32 mph | — | beyond 1,200 W | — |
Throttle only, level pavement, a 180 lb rider, 77 °F air. The model holds the motor to the 1,200 W Smartravel rates it for sustained use, enough for 29.5 mph on the flat; 32 mph needs the 1,500 W peak, so that row carries no steady figure. The right-hand column plans with a quarter of the pack held back.
Easy pedaling stretches every speed: 75 W from your legs at 15 mph lifts a full charge from 71 miles to 107. In these tables easy pedaling means 75 W and steady pedaling 150 W. Without the motor, 75 W would carry the ST202 at about 8.5 mph on the flat and 150 W at about 12.7, a guide to which column matches your legs.
| Speed, flat | Motor only | Easy pedaling (75 W) | Steady pedaling (150 W) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 mph | 86 mi | 173 mi | legs alone |
| 15 mph | 71 mi | 107 mi | 205 mi |
| 18 mph | 58 mi | 76 mi | 108 mi |
| 20 mph | 51 mi | 63 mi | 81 mi |
| 25 mph | 37 mi | 42 mi | 48 mi |
| 28 mph | 30 mi | 33 mi | 37 mi |
| 32 mph | beyond 1,200 W | beyond 1,200 W | beyond 1,200 W |
Full-charge miles on level pavement, 180 lb aboard. Easy pedaling at 15 mph draws 12.1 Wh a mile against 18.3 on the throttle. The 173- and 205-mile cells have your legs doing more than the motor, so they lean hardest on the model's motor losses at light load (Limitations item 7); "legs alone" marks a speed 150 W holds without the motor.
The fixed bench bends the knee more than the formula would (the pedaling table), so on the ST202 the 150 W column asks more of your legs than it would on a bike with a tall saddle; start from the 75 W column.
Which gear saves battery? On a hub motor, your effort does
Shift for your knees and pedal for the pack. Whatever gear you pick, the motor turns at the rear wheel's speed; shifting changes only how fast your feet go around. At a set speed and grade, the pack's draw drops as your effort rises:
| Your ride | Motor only | Easy pedaling (75 W) | Steady pedaling (150 W) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 15 mph, flat | 18.3 Wh | 12.1 Wh | 6.3 Wh |
| 20 mph, flat | 25.5 Wh | 20.6 Wh | 16.0 Wh |
| 12 mph, 4% grade | 52.6 Wh | 41.5 Wh | 31.3 Wh |
| 10 mph, 8% grade | 108.1 Wh | 88.4 Wh | 70.8 Wh |
Pack watt-hours per mile, 180 lb aboard, 77 °F air: motor only, then 75 W from the rider for easy pedaling and 150 W for steady.
On an 8% grade at 10 mph, the throttle alone draws 108.1 Wh a mile, easy pedaling 88.4 and steady pedaling 70.8. A watt from your legs is one the motor need not make, and with it goes the heat the motor and the pack would have lost making it.
Does going uphill drain the battery faster?
Far faster: at 10 mph on the throttle, each 1,000 feet of 4 to 10% grade costs 184 to 248 Wh beyond the same distance on the level, or 162 to 221 with easy pedaling. Rider and bike together weigh 293.9 lb at 180 lb aboard, and raising that 1,000 feet takes 111 Wh at the wheel; the rest of the cost is motor and pack losses.
Up an 8% grade at 10 mph on the throttle, the pack spends 225 Wh per 1,000 feet, so the full 1,296 Wh would lift you about 5,800 feet with nothing left for the flat. The model credits nothing for coasting down, so a budget built from these rows carries a margin.
| Grade | Fastest steady, motor only | Per mile at 10 mph | Full charge at 10 mph |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2% | 27.5 mph | 31 Wh | 42 mi |
| 4% | 24.2 mph | 52 Wh | 25 mi |
| 6% | 21.2 mph | 78 Wh | 17 mi |
| 8% | 18.6 mph | 108 Wh | 12 mi |
| 10% | 16.3 mph | 144 Wh | 9 mi |
| 12% | 14.4 mph | 186 Wh | 7 mi |
| 15% | 12.2 mph | 268 Wh | 5 mi |
180 lb aboard, throttle only. "Fastest steady" is the speed the modeled motor holds at its sustained 1,200 W; the other two columns ride at 10 mph. With easy pedaling, the full-charge miles at 10 mph run 66, 34, 21, 15, 11, 8 and 6 from 2% to 15%.

Climbing a loose, rocky slope in ZOONLAI's photograph: on a grade the motor's watts go into lifting rider and bike.
The modeled motor keeps 15 mph on the throttle up grades to 11.4%. To budget a hilly ride, price the level miles and the climbing apart and add them. Ten level miles at 15 mph on the throttle take about 183 Wh and 1,000 feet of 8% climbing about 225, near 408 Wh of the 1,296, before wind, stops and starts.
Does rider weight affect range?
Slightly on the flat, sharply on a hill. Extra weight loads the tires and the climb and leaves the air's share unchanged, so the gap widens as the road tips up.
| You plus your load | 15 mph flat, motor only | 20 mph flat, motor only | 10 mph up 8%, motor only |
|---|---|---|---|
| 130 lb | 77 mi | 54 mi | 15 mi |
| 180 lb | 71 mi | 51 mi | 12 mi |
| 220 lb | 67 mi | 49 mi | 10 mi |
| 300 lb | 60 mi | 45 mi | 7 mi |
| 350 lb | 56 mi | 43 mi | 6 mi |
The rider plus everything carried, with the bike's own 113.9 lb added to every row because the motor moves it too. Throttle only. Smartravel caps rider plus cargo at 350 lb, the last row.
Going from 180 lb to 300 lb costs 11 miles of a level ride at 15 mph, 71 down to 60, and trims the 8% climb from 12 miles to 7. At the 350 lb limit, a level ride at 15 mph still runs about 56 miles, while the 8% climb drops to 6, since on a grade most of the power at the wheel goes into lifting the load.
Does cold weather drain the battery?
Yes, and each colder row takes more. The easy-pedaling 15 mph ride that runs 107 miles at 77 °F comes to about 81 miles at 32 °F and 72 at 14 °F.
| Air | Pack energy vs 77 °F | 15 mph, easy pedaling | 20 mph, motor only |
|---|---|---|---|
| 95 °F | 99% | 115 mi | 53 mi |
| 77 °F | 100% | 107 mi | 51 mi |
| 68 °F | 98% | 101 mi | 48 mi |
| 50 °F | 93% | 88 mi | 44 mi |
| 41 °F | 91% | 83 mi | 42 mi |
| 32 °F | 89% (80–93) | 81 mi (72–84) | 40 mi (36–42) |
| 14 °F | 82% (40–83) | 72 mi (35–73) | 36 mi (18–36) |
Level ground, 180 lb aboard. Each middle figure is McMaster University's LG HG2 cell data recomputed at a 0.5C discharge, the cells taken at air temperature; the laboratory ran 77, 50, 32 and 14 °F and the rows between are interpolated. The brackets show how far published cell data disagree.
Each bracket's floor is the lowest capacity that Samsung's data sheets list at that temperature for a cell discharged at one to four times its capacity per hour (25R and 30Q at 32 °F, 35E at 14 °F); each ceiling is the highest energy Casado and colleagues recorded in 2025 at a gentler rate.
Near freezing, three losses pile up: the cells return less energy, the air is about 9% denser under the U.S. Standard Atmosphere's gas law, and cold rubber rolls harder.
Cold stiffens rubber, so the model raises rolling resistance by 0.5% per °F under 77 °F, a rate between Rothhämel's fit for a 42 mm tire and Bicycle Rolling Resistance's road-tire average, and stops the rise at 41 °F. Smartravel names LG cells; the HG2 is an LG cell standing in, not a confirmed match (Limitations item 12).
Jenny Lee's winter plan fits the table: with the note that "it gets down to 15 in January February", the plan was to "pop out the battery" and keep it inside (the test ride).
Do fat tires cut range? Tires and riding position
On the flat the tire matters more than your posture. Ten 26 × 4.00 fat tires took 23.2 to 42.1 W to roll on Bicycle Rolling Resistance's drum, at 12 psi, 18 mph and a 94 lb load.
The drum has no reading for a 20 × 4.0 tire or for the CHAO YANG tire on the ST202's sidewalls in Smartravel's photographs, so the model uses the middle of the ten, a coefficient of 0.0105, as its stand-in.
| Rolling resistance | 15 mph, motor only | 15 mph, easy pedaling | 20 mph, motor only |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0.0070 · lowest of ten | 83 mi | 135 mi | 57 mi |
| 0.0105 · median of ten (used here) | 71 mi | 107 mi | 51 mi |
| 0.0126 · highest of ten | 65 mi | 95 mi | 48 mi |
Full-charge miles, 180 lb aboard, level ground. Schwalbe's Jumbo Jim LiteSkin rolled easiest of the ten and Kenda's Juggernaut Pro hardest, at 0.01262 on the site's own listing.
Sand, dirt and grass have no drum reading; send us a route and we will run the ride through the model.
Posture counts more as speed climbs. Drag area comes from Tengattini and Bigazzi: 0.640 m² for 37 upright cruiser riders, the figure used here because the median rider leans no more than 12° on this bench, and 0.603 m² for 90 everyday mountain-bike riders. The leaner figure would stretch the 20 mph throttle ride from 51 miles to 53.
Smartravel's 60 to 80 miles, matched to real rides
Smartravel prints its range in five places, and every figure fits a steady ride. The spec strip gives "60 Miles Max Range", the battery panel "60 Miles Per Charge", the feature copy "up to 60 miles on a full electric charge or over 80 miles with pedal assist", the FAQ "60-80 Miles" twice, and the model chart "Up to 60 miles (96 km)".
| Smartravel's figure | Per mile it allows | Motor only, flat | Easy pedaling, flat |
|---|---|---|---|
| 60 mi, the spec strip (product page) | 21.6 Wh | about 17.6 mph | about 20.6 mph |
| over 80 mi, pedal assist (product page) | 16.2 Wh | about 13.2 mph | about 17.6 mph |
| 60-80 mi (FAQ) | 16.2 Wh | about 13.2 mph | about 17.6 mph |
The FAQ's band is read at its top, 80 miles. The per-mile figure is the 1,296 Wh pack divided by the miles; each speed is where the model's level ride with 180 lb aboard draws exactly that.
So the spec strip's 60 miles fits a throttle ride near 18 mph on the level, and the 80 miles with pedal assist fits easy pedaling at about the same 18 mph.
An owner's full charge checks the model. Danny VLOGs, at 135 lb, found in July 2024 that "the battery lasts about 30 m[iles]" on a single charge, with a top of 34 mph, on the "48volt 20 amp" pack, 960 Wh (Episode 2).
Priced on that earlier 960 Wh pack at 135 lb, the model gives the same 30 miles for a steady 24.1 mph, and 40 miles at a steady 20 mph or 23 at 28. A real ride that tops out at 34 mph, with stops and starts, averages less than its top speed, so a 30-mile charge falls inside the model's band for steady speeds of 20 to 28 mph.
Plan on three quarters of the row that fits your ride, and on less for stop-and-go days, so a headwind or a detour never ends the ride on pedals alone. At 15 mph on the throttle, that plan is 53 miles out of 71.
Read your row and budget three quarters of it. Climbing adds 184 to 248 Wh per 1,000 feet at 10 mph on the throttle, and less if you pedal. For a 180 lb rider on level pavement that budget is 53 miles at 15 mph on the throttle and 38 at 20.
A loop of ten level miles at 15 mph plus 1,000 feet of 8% climbing draws about 408 Wh on the throttle, under half of the 972 Wh the plan puts to work. Send the distance, the climbing, your weight with gear and your usual speed to our support address, and we will price that ride before you buy. This orders green; gray matches it.
Take the ST202 home, $1,249.99How every figure here is worked out
Holding an even speed in still air takes an even flow of power at the rear wheel, which the model Martin and colleagues validated on an open road in 1998 writes in one line:
Required wheel power: P = v × [ m g (Crr cos θ + sin θ) + 0.5 ρ CdA v² ]
In it, v stands for speed and m for the combined mass of rider, cargo and bike; g is gravity and θ the road's slope angle. Crr is the tires' rolling resistance, where 0.0105 means a drag equal to 1.05% of the load on the tires, ρ is air density, and CdA is the drag area, the frontal bulk the air must flow around.
The first bracketed term is the tires and the grade; the second is the air, which grows with the cube of speed once multiplied by v.
Four steps sit between the wheel and the pack:
- Pedaling reaches the rear wheel through a chain that passes on 97.7% of your effort, the figure Martin and colleagues use; the motor adds what is missing.
- The hub motor spins with the rear wheel, so its speed is the wheel's in every gear.
- The motor's behavior comes from the published figures of a comparable motor. For its RM G0H0 geared hub at 48 V, the ST202's own voltage, Bafang's 2021 OEM workbook lists a no-load speed (n0) of 510 rpm, a rated speed (nT) of 426 rpm and an efficiency of "≥ 80" percent. On these tires 510 rpm is 34.5 mph against Smartravel's 32, and the model holds the motor to 1,200 W.
- The pack spends part of its energy as internal loss, at the rate Arango, Lopez and Ceren measured on a 48 V battery.
Dividing the pack's draw by the speed gives watt-hours per mile, and miles = 1,296 Wh × the fraction of energy the cells still hold at that temperature ÷ watt-hours per mile.
| Input | Value used | Where it comes from |
|---|---|---|
| Bike | 113.9 lb | Smartravel's specification |
| Rider and cargo | 180 lb; the weight table also runs 130, 220, 300 and 350 | 350 lb is Smartravel's limit |
| Battery | 48 V × 27 Ah = 1,296 Wh | Smartravel's specification |
| Motor | one, held to 1,200 W, 80% at the rated point, 86 N·m most | Bafang OEM workbook 2021, RM G0H0; the 1,200 W and 86 N·m are Smartravel's figures |
| Wheel | 22.7 inches across, 1,815 mm around | the tires on the Raptor frame's side photograph, at the wheelbase scale |
| Rolling resistance | 0.0105, the median of ten 26 × 4.00 fat tires at 12 psi | Bicycle Rolling Resistance |
| Drag area | 0.640 m², 37 upright cruiser riders | Tengattini and Bigazzi, 2018 |
| Chain | 97.7%, your pedaling only | Martin et al., 1998 |
| Battery losses | 3.1% at 15 mph, more at climbing currents | Arango, Lopez and Ceren, 2021 |
| Air | 77 °F at sea-level pressure, 1.184 kg/m³ | U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 |
| Cold | the share of a cell's energy left at each temperature | McMaster University's LG HG2 cell data |
| Reserve | 25% of the pack kept back | Schmitt, Decker and Doppelbauer, 2019 |
A worked example: a 180 lb rider holding 15 mph on the throttle over level pavement. The tires need 92.4 W and the air 114.2 W, 206.6 W at the wheel in all.
At that speed the 22.7-inch wheel turns at 222 rpm. The motor model, built from Bafang's published figures as 0.899 N·m of torque per amp, a 0.253 Ω winding and a 1.32 A no-load current, answers with 8.9 N·m on 11.2 A.
The motor runs at 78% efficiency there, under its 80% at the rated point because the load is light, and draws 266.0 W.
Once the pack's internal losses are added, the cells deliver 274.5 W, which is 18.30 Wh for each mile at 15 mph; 1,296 ÷ 18.30 gives about 70.8 miles, or 53.1 with 25% kept.
Two published benchmarks recomputed, and one owner's charge. Each half of the model reproduces the figure its source prints, and the owner's charge shows what steady speed a real day's miles imply:
| Check | Published figure | This model |
|---|---|---|
| Road physics, Martin and colleagues' worked example | 45.7 W for tires and grade, 158.8 W for the air | 45.7 W and 158.8 W |
| The comparable motor at Bafang's rated point | at least 80% efficient | 80% |
| Danny VLOGs, the earlier 960 Wh pack, 135 lb rider | about 30 miles to empty, 34 mph top | the same miles at a steady 24.1 mph |
Rows one and two come from the model's self-test, which re-runs Appendix I of Martin and colleagues (8.36 m/s over the ground, 90 kg in all, a 0.3% grade) and the RM G0H0's rated point from Bafang's workbook. Row three prices the owner's charge on the pack the owner names, at the steady speed that spends it in 30 miles.
GPS tracking and the app
A GPS tracker is built in, read from Smartravel's phone app. Smartravel's page says the ST202 "comes with advanced GPS tracking for real-time positioning, allowing you to monitor your ride on the app", with geo-fencing, remote motor control, speed and movement alarms, and ride history "up to 7 days".
Setting it up takes four steps in the ST202 app instructions. Search "SMARTRAVEL EBIKE" in Google Play or the App Store, register with an email address, and pair the phone by Bluetooth. Then enter the tracker's serial number: the instructions say "Please fill in the below GPS serial number when you use the Smart App first time", so keep that page with the bike.
| In the app | What it does, in the instructions' words |
|---|---|
| Geo-fencing reminder | "Set reminders when exit geo-fencing." |
| Remote control | "Switch on or off power supply." |
| Tow-away alarm | an alert when the bike "vibrates and reaches the threshold" |
| Map navigation | "Real-time tracking and destination route planning based on changes in riding position." |
| Gear level | "The lowest is 0 and the highest is 5" |
| Mileage unit | "kilometers and miles" |
| Fault record | "Report the faulty information by briefly describing the problem and submitting it." |
| SIM information | messages from the tracker's SIM, "such as insufficient balance, need to renew" |
Quoted from Smartravel's ST202 app instructions, the file its manuals page lists under the Raptor ST202.
The tracker's service is free for its first month, then runs on a plan. The instructions describe "a one-month free trial of its GPS service", after which a plan can be bought "on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis". We will fetch the current plan prices from Smartravel for you before you order.
Owners describe the app as they use it on Smartravel's page. Weidi Zhu wrote that "the GPS function is so useful !!! I can see the remaining battery capacity when I ride with long trips." Theresa C. found it "a little tricky at first but contacting smart travel helped me understand everything"; if it is new to you, email us and we will walk the setup with you.
Brakes, lights and display
Smartravel specifies hydraulic disc brakes front and rear, "providing excellent control and safety, even in wet or rough conditions", to stop 113.9 lb plus its rider. KL, an owner, listed "good brakes, turn signals and a little storage compartment" among what it has.

The cockpit from the saddle, in the frame Smartravel's page shows for Jenny Lee's test ride: display, switch pod, shifter, and a set of keys hanging below the bar.
The lights come fitted, the turn signals too. Smartravel lists a "Bright Headlight" and "Built-in tail and brake lights". Mountain Weekly News pointed to a "really loud horn" and turn signals at both ends, "in the front" and as "a rear set of turn signals in the back", and found the big LCD readable "in the bright Sun".
The display is Smartravel's "SMART LCD Display with USB Charger", which shows "battery status, speed, and distance" and can top up a phone on the way.

The caged headlight and the cockpit on the trail, from ZOONLAI's photograph.
Suspension front and rear, on 20 × 4.0 tires
Smartravel describes a "Hydraulic front suspension fork" and a "Hydraulic Shock Absorber" for "reducing vibrations and impacts from uneven terrain", and its studio photographs show a coil shock on each side of the rear frame.
Mountain Weekly News counted "three total shocks", a front fork and "dual suspension in the rear". Danny VLOGs described "front and rear dual shock absorbers" for riding "on highspeed or sloppy Road or when riding on off-roads", and Lauren King wrote on Smartravel's page that it "Handles well with bumps in the road."

The twin rear coil shocks below the frame's storage case, in Smartravel's studio photograph.
How firm the rear feels depends on what you weigh. Send us your weight and the surfaces you ride, and we will tell you what to expect before you order.
Smartravel's specification lists 20 × 4.0-inch tires, "Unibody, puncture protection", and its photographs show CHAO YANG on the sidewalls. The bench is, in Danny VLOGs' words, "a brown leather moped style leather seat" that is "wide soft and comfortable", and the storage case in the frame holds a phone mount, shown on Jenny Lee's first ride.
113.9 pounds and a 350-pound limit
The ST202 weighs 113.9 lb (51.6 kg) by Smartravel's specification, which sets a "Maximum total weight limit (combined weight of rider and cargo) of 350 pounds (158.8kg)".
Count 350 lb for yourself and everything you carry; the bike's own 113.9 lb sits outside it. A 250 lb rider with 40 lb of gear comes to 290 lb, which leaves 60 lb spare. Edwin, an owner who wrote "I am a good 335lbs", said the ST202 "moves me just fine"; at 335 lb, 15 lb of the limit is left for cargo.
Before heavy loads go on the rack, get its own rating. Smartravel's specification table lists the rear rack at "Max Load: 350 lbs", the same figure as the whole bike's limit, and we will get the rack's own figure from Smartravel in writing for you.

The ST202 from behind in Smartravel's studio, the chain side toward the camera and the rack over the rear wheel.
Size a garage spot or a lift for 113.9 lb plus whatever rides on the bike, and for the 68.11 by 27.17 by 43.31 inches Smartravel prints. The carton measures 58.27 by 13.78 by 34.25 inches, a two-person carry.
Give the ST202 a ground-level home. At 113.9 lb it rolls on its kickstand far more easily than it climbs stairs, and the pack lifts out to charge indoors. Plan the parking spot before delivery day.
The Mercer fit test
The same seven people, the Mercers, stand in front of every bike we review, so each machine faces the same fit questions (meet the Mercers).
Each verdict rests on a published figure (ZOONLAI's 5'0" to 6'7" size range, the 33-inch seat, the weight, the 350 lb limit, the sizing line "to suit most adults" on ZOONLAI's geometry block) or on the model's row for that height in the fit tables. The bench sits under every adult's 109% pedaling height, so each adult row reads the stop.
| Member | Age · Height | Verdict | The number behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frank Kowalski | 63 · 5'10" | Fits; flat feet at most stops | inside ZOONLAI's 5'0" to 6'7"; 79 of 100 riders his height sit flat-footed on the 33-inch bench |
| Ruth Kowalski | 61 · 5'5" | Inside the range; on her toes at a stop | 3 of 100 riders her height put both feet flat on the bench, so read the stop table before ordering |
| Jack Mercer | 48 · 6'1" | Fits; pedals with a bent knee | 99 of 100 riders his height sit flat-footed; the bench sits 8.6 inches under his formula height for pedaling |
| Dana Mercer | 45 · 5'7" | Inside the range; one foot down | 19 of 100 riders her height sit flat-footed; on cargo runs, she counts her own weight and the load against the 350 lb limit |
| Maya Torres | 32 · 5'6" | Inside the range; the commute is her question | 11 of 100 riders her height sit flat-footed; for a car-free commute, the class section decides the roads |
| Cole Mercer | 16 · 5'11" | No | ZOONLAI sizes the ST202 "to suit most adults"; at 16 the answer on this page is no |
| Ivy Mercer | 12 · — | No | The same adult sizing; she is listed so the answer is here |
Frank and Ruth show where the ST202 splits a household. Frank, at 5'10", finds both feet flat on 79 of 100 bodies of his height; Ruth, at 5'5", comes up short of the bench on 97 of 100. ZOONLAI's range includes both of them, and the bench is what separates their stops.
Is it UL certified?
Smartravel says it is: the ST202's page carries a "UL Certified" badge reading "Safety Certified in Accordance with UL 2849", and its trust bar reads "TUV Certified" with "In accordance with UL 2849". The same badge appears on ZOONLAI's listing of the bike.
Need the certificate for a landlord, a building manager or an insurer? Email us, and we will ask Smartravel for it in writing, naming the model and its date.
Has it been recalled?
No. On September 27, 2026 we searched the Consumer Product Safety Commission's recall database for Smartravel, Smart Travel, Smartravelor, ZOONLAI and ZonMen in the recall title, the product name and the manufacturer field. No recall names any of them, and none of 623 bicycle, e-bike, battery and scooter records names the brand or the ST202 model code.
An empty answer only counts if the search can find something, so it was run on recalls known to exist first, and found them: Ancheer 1, Specialized 54, Trek 24.
The class question: 1,200 W sustained, 32 mph published
Settle this before you order: the ST202's published figures sit above the lines the statutes draw for e-bikes. Smartravel's page rates the hub "1200W (sustained), 1500W (peak)" and gives a "32 MPH Top Speed", and owners have reported 32 to 35 mph.
The first line is federal, and 15 U.S.C. § 2085(b) draws it this way:
For the purpose of this section, the term "low-speed electric bicycle" means a two- or three-wheeled vehicle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts (1 h.p.), whose maximum speed on a paved level surface, when powered solely by such a motor while ridden by an operator who weighs 170 pounds, is less than 20 mph.
California's code shows how one state draws its lines. Its e-bike definition in Vehicle Code § 312.5(a), read on September 27, 2026, requires "an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power". Its moped definition in § 406(a) sets two limits: a motor of "less than 4 gross brake horsepower" and a top speed "of not more than 30 miles per hour on level ground".
| The line | The statute's words | The ST202, as published |
|---|---|---|
| Federal low-speed e-bike, § 2085(b) | "less than 750 watts"; "less than 20 mph" on the motor | 1,200 W sustained; 32 mph |
| California e-bike, § 312.5(a) | "does not exceed 750 watts of power" | 1,200 W sustained, 1,500 W peak |
| California moped, § 406(a) | "not more than 30 miles per hour on level ground" | 32 mph |
Sources: the three texts and Smartravel's product page, read September 27, 2026. Converted at 745.7 W per horsepower, the 1,500 W peak comes to 2.0 hp and the 1,200 W rating to 1.6.
As published, the ST202 sits above the e-bike line in both texts, and its 32 mph sits above California's moped speed line. Which vehicle the ST202 counts as on a public road, and what that asks of you, is up to your state's vehicle code: our 50-state e-bike law atlas prints every state's definitions, and our California e-bike law page covers that state in depth.
The app's overspeed setting leaves the question open. Smartravel's app instructions describe it as "Used to limit the maximum speed of riding and the duration of speeding", and a speed setting does not change the motor's 1,200 W sustained rating.
Know your roads and trails before the first ride. Smartravel rates the motor at 1,200 W sustained and publishes 32 mph, both above the e-bike definitions quoted here; on public roads your state's code decides, and off them the land manager does.
Where you can ride it
Off the pavement, the agency that manages the land decides whether the ST202 may go there, and federal agencies write their e-bike rules around a 750-watt motor, as the BLM's definitions do: their classes cover "an electric motor of not more than 750 watts (1 h.p.)", which the ST202's rating is not.
National Forests treat e-bikes as motor vehicles: the Forest Service's final directives of March 31, 2022, recorded in its notice at 87 FR 41278, manage "all classes of e-bikes as motor vehicles" and open a non-motorized trail to them only after "local-level decision-making and environmental analysis".
Where a Ranger District has published a motor vehicle use map, 36 CFR 261.13 bars operating a motor vehicle "other than in accordance with those designations", so the routes that map opens to motor vehicles are the ones to ride.
| Where you plan to ride | Who decides | What to read |
|---|---|---|
| A National Forest road or trail | the Ranger District | its motor vehicle use map (36 CFR 261.13) |
| BLM land | the field office | its route designations; 43 CFR 8340.0-5 holds the e-bike definitions |
| A state park, county open space or city path | that agency | the rule posted for that trail |
| Your own land, or land you have permission to ride | the owner | the owner's say-so |
The land manager's rule governs, and a specification sheet does not settle any of these on its own.
Breaking those rules on a National Forest carries the penalty in 36 CFR 261.1b: "imprisonment of not more than six months" or a fine under 18 U.S.C. 3571, or both. Our public-land e-bike guide walks through the agencies one by one. For machines built for those designated routes, our Smartravel M23 review covers the group's electric dirt bike.
Planning to ride particular roads, trails or land? Name them in an email to support@redtailebikes.com, and we will set out what the rules there require of a 1,200 W, 32 mph machine. It ships free to the lower 48 in green, or in gray.
Buy the Raptor ST202 nowGreen flags / Red flags
Green flags
- 1,296 Wh in one pack: computed at 71 miles for a 180 lb rider at 15 mph on the throttle, or 107 pedaling easily.
- GPS tracking with geo-fencing, alarms and a remote power cut, the first month of service free.
- Hydraulic disc brakes at both ends, with turn signals, a horn and a USB port on the display.
- Suspension front and rear on 20 × 4.0 puncture-protection tires.
- A 350 lb limit for rider and cargo, and an owner at 335 lb who says it "moves me just fine".
- Light on the wrists: the median rider rests 5 to 13% of body weight on the grips, below the 15% road racers put on theirs.
- Holds 15 mph up grades to 11.4% on the throttle in the model.
- A clean federal recall record: no CPSC recall names Smartravel, ZOONLAI or the ST202.
- Owners rate it well: 27 of the 32 reviews on Smartravel's page give five stars and the other 5 give four.
- The Raptor frame and tracker for $450 less than the ST202 Pro on our store.
Red flags
These are about fit: who the ST202 is wrong for, and where to go instead.
- Wrong if you need a bike inside the e-bike classes. A 1,200 W sustained motor and 32 mph put it above the lines in the class section; our Smartravel DK400 review covers a Smartravel rated at 750 W sustained.
- Wrong for riders below about 5'9" who need flat feet at every light. Only 37 of 100 riders at 5'8" reach the ground flat-footed on this bench; our Freesky Rocky Pro A-320 review covers a step-through with a much lower frame.
- Wrong for long pedaling rides with the leg nearly straight. The bench sits fixed below the formula height for almost every rider, so tell us your inseam and we will point you to a bike of ours with an adjustable seat post. One is the ZOONLAI UrbanX, and our UrbanX review turns your inseam into the saddle height to set.
- Wrong for a daily carry up the stairs. At 113.9 lb, it suits a ground-level spot; at 68.3 lb, our Smartravel DK400 review covers the lightest moped-style Smartravel we sell.
- Wrong if you want tracking with no running cost. The GPS service runs on a plan after its free month; we will get you the plan prices before you order.
- Wrong if you want the longest range or two driven wheels. Our Raptor ST202 Pro review covers the same frame with a motor in each wheel and 2,600 Wh.
- Not for riders under 18. The ST202 is sized "to suit most adults" in ZOONLAI's words, and our 50-state law atlas gives each state's age rules for younger riders.
Buy it if / Buy something else if
Buy it if you want a moped-style bike with a GPS tracker you can check from your phone, 1,296 Wh on board and hydraulic brakes, for private land, farm and ranch roads, off-road riding where the land manager allows motor vehicles, and public roads where your state's rules for a machine of this power are met. It suits adults of about 5'9" and up who ride mostly on the throttle.
For $1,249.99 you get a 1,200 W sustained rear hub motor, suspension at both ends, seven Shimano gears, a rack and fenders. Paid through Shop Pay instead, the ST202 costs $112.82 a month for 12 months at 15% APR, $1,353.84 in all; a 6-month plan runs $217.54 a month. Both depend on an eligibility check by Affirm's lending partners.
Owners on Smartravel's page gave it five stars in 27 of 32 reviews as of September 27, 2026, and Jamie b lashley, with "almost 400 miles on this thing", wrote "haven't had any problems".
Buy something else if you need a bike inside the e-bike classes (our Smartravel DK400 review), two driven wheels and 2,600 Wh (our Raptor ST202 Pro review), or a low step-through for a shorter rider (our Freesky Rocky Pro A-320 review). Our e-bike reviews hub sets the bikes we have reviewed side by side on load rating, weight, price and warranty.
Before you buy: the checklist
Ten checks before you spend $1,249.99; the first three decide whether the ST202 is yours to ride where you plan to.
- Read the rule for your riding: your state's definitions on roads, and the land manager's on trails.
- Confirm the rider is an adult, as ZOONLAI sizes the bike.
- Work through the class section for the roads you will use, before any ride on a public street.
- Measure your inseam and find your row in the stop table; below about 5'9", expect to stop on your toes.
- Check your height against ZOONLAI's range, 5'0" to 6'7" on its size slider.
- Total yourself and everything you carry and keep it at or below 350 lb; the bike's own 113.9 lb sits outside that figure.
- Plan the storage and the lift for a 113.9 lb bike 68.11 inches long.
- Find your ride in the range tables, budget three quarters of that row, then add the climbing.
- Pick a charging spot indoors and dry, and allow a night from empty on the 3 A charger.
- Get the GPS plan prices from us if you want the tracker live beyond its free first month.
Buying it from us
Why buy the Raptor ST202 from Redtail
Our listing priced the ST202 at $1,249.99 on September 27, 2026, with $2,299.99 shown as the regular price, the same two figures on Smartravel's own US store that day. Smartravel's warranty policy says a bike bought elsewhere "shall contact their original dealer for after-sale service", and bought from us, that dealer is Redtail.
| What you get | The detail |
|---|---|
| Price | $1,249.99 in green or gray, orderable on September 27, 2026 |
| Paying over time | Shop Pay: $112.82 a month for 12 months at 15% APR, $1,353.84 in total, or $217.54 a month for 6 months or $427.12 for 3, subject to an eligibility check and provided by Affirm's lending partners. Read September 27, 2026 |
| If something fails | Send photos or video of the fault with your order number; in our listing's own terms, "Redtail coordinates repair or replacement remotely at no cost to the customer" |
| If it arrives damaged | Note it with the driver, email us photos within 48 hours, and we file the carrier claim and arrange the repair or replacement |
| A fit answer first | Send your height and inseam and we will run them through the fit model before you pay |
| The tracker | Questions about the app, the geo-fence or the plan go to us, and anything only Smartravel can answer we put to Smartravel for you |
| Shipping | Free within the contiguous United States; dispatched within 1–3 business days, with most bikes arriving 5–10 business days after that. Alaska, Hawaii, US territories, P.O. boxes and remote areas: ask us first |
Returns for a change of mind follow separate terms. The bike must still be sealed in its factory packaging and the return requested within 72 hours of delivery; a 15% restocking fee and the return shipping apply, and a canceled order carries a 3% transaction fee. Ask us your fit, range and class questions first, and the order goes in settled.
The price, the colorways and the shipping terms above were read from our store on September 27, 2026. If the ST202 suits your riding, green is one click away and gray is the other, and a warranty claim comes to us, so we deal with Smartravel for you.
Spread it over 12 monthsFrequently asked questions
How far can the Smartravel Raptor ST202 go on one charge?
The spec strip on Smartravel's page says 60 miles, and its FAQ 60 to 80. Computed for a 180 lb rider on flat pavement, a full charge covers about 71 miles at 15 mph on the throttle, 51 at 20 and 107 at 15 with easy pedaling; an owner at 135 lb reported about 30 miles on the earlier 960 Wh pack at speeds up to 34 mph (the range tables).
What is the top speed of the Smartravel Raptor ST202?
Smartravel publishes 32 mph. Mountain Weekly News reached 32 mph and owners have reported 34 and 35; the range model holds the motor to its sustained 1,200 W, which carries the bike at 29.5 mph on the flat, and the peak takes it higher (the motor section).
Is the Raptor ST202 street legal?
It depends on your state's vehicle code. Its motor is rated 1,200 W sustained, above the 750 W in the federal definition and California's, and its published 32 mph is above the 30 mph in California's moped definition. The answer turns on where you ride (the class section).
Does the Smartravel GPS tracker need a subscription?
After its first month, yes. Smartravel's app instructions describe "a one-month free trial of its GPS service", then a plan "on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis". Ask us for the current plan prices and we will get them from Smartravel (GPS and the app).
What does the Smartravel app do?
It shows the battery level, speed, mileage and the bike's position, sets a geo-fence with reminders, switches the bike's power on or off remotely, raises tow-away and vibration alarms, hands navigation to Google Maps, changes the assist level from 0 to 5 and logs faults for after-sales, in Smartravel's app instructions (GPS and the app).
Do I need to assemble the Smartravel ST202 when it arrives?
A little. Smartravel's FAQ calls it "90% assembled", and its assembly video fits the handlebar, kickstand, front wheel, front fender, headlight, pedals and rear rack, then joins the color-matched plugs. One owner took about two hours working slowly, and another put it together alone (setup).
What is the seat height on the ST202?
Smartravel's FAQ says 33 inches; ZOONLAI's table says 33.4, the bench's dip measures 32.6, and the seat is fixed. At 5'8", 37 of 100 riders sit flat-footed on it, and the 109% formula would put a 5'8" rider's saddle, on the survey's median 32.6-inch inseam, at 38.4 inches (the fit section).
How long does it take to charge the ST202 battery?
Smartravel's FAQ says 5 hours in one answer and 5 to 6 in another. With the 54.6 V 3 A charger in the box, 27 Ah takes 9 hours at full charging current, so an empty pack needs a night (the battery section).
What is the Raptor ST202's battery capacity?
48 V 27 Ah, 1,296 Wh, in one removable pack, on Smartravel's US page today; earlier units carried a 48 V 20 Ah pack of 960 Wh, which is what the product's web address and some older reviews still describe. The range tables all use the 1,296 Wh figure (the battery section).
How much does the Smartravel Raptor ST202 weigh?
113.9 lb (51.6 kg) in Smartravel's specification. Size storage and any lifting to that weight plus your load; the 350 lb limit covers rider and cargo alone (the weight section).
Is the Raptor ST202 good for heavy riders?
Smartravel's limit is 350 lb for rider and cargo together, and one owner at 335 lb wrote that it "moves me just fine". Weight costs range most on hills: at 300 lb aboard, a level 15 mph ride still computes to 60 miles, while 10 mph up an 8% grade falls to 7 (rider weight).
Does the ST202 have hydraulic brakes?
Yes. Smartravel specifies hydraulic disc brakes front and rear, and an owner listed "good brakes" among what it has (brakes, lights and display).
Will the ST202 still work if the battery is dead?
Yes, as a pedal bike. Smartravel's FAQ says that "When the battery runs out, the ST202 seamlessly transitions into a traditional bike"; at 113.9 lb on fat tires it is a heavy bike to pedal home, so keep 25% in reserve (planning your range).
Is the Smartravel Raptor ST202 worth it?
At $1,249.99 on our store on September 27, 2026, with free shipping to the contiguous United States, it puts a GPS tracker, a 1,296 Wh pack, hydraulic brakes and suspension at both ends on one moped-style frame. It fits an adult who rides mostly on the throttle, in places where a machine of this power and speed is allowed (the verdict).
What do owners say about the Smartravel Raptor ST202?
On Smartravel's page, 27 of 32 reviews give five stars and 5 give four, as of September 27, 2026. Theresa C. rides it to work and home "on one charge going 20-25 mph on average", and Jamie b lashley reported "almost 400 miles" with no problems.
Is the Raptor ST202 UL certified?
Smartravel states on its page that the ST202 is "Safety Certified in Accordance with UL 2849". If you need the certificate itself, we will ask Smartravel for it in writing (the UL section).
Can I finance the Raptor ST202?
Yes. Shop Pay, checked September 27, 2026, offered 12 payments of $112.82 at 15% APR ($1,353.84 in total) or 6 payments of $217.54, each subject to an eligibility check by Affirm's lending partners.
What warranty does the ST202 have?
Smartravel's warranty policy sets 12 months for the frame, the motor, the controller, the charger, the display and the battery, and sends buyers from other sellers to their dealer. If it came from us, the claim comes to us: photos or a video of the fault and your order number are enough, and our listing promises that "Redtail coordinates repair or replacement remotely at no cost to the customer".
Should I buy the Raptor ST202 or the ST202 Pro?
Take the ST202 for the tracker, the 1,296 Wh pack and the lower price; take the Pro for a motor in each wheel, 2,600 Wh and 35 mph, for $450 more and 9.8 lb more weight. An owner who had planned on the Pro wrote on Smartravel's page that "both are practically the same with a couple differences"; our Raptor ST202 Pro review works out its range and fit the same way.
Limitations of this review
Twenty things this review cannot settle, listed so you can weigh them.
- We sell this bike. Weigh the red flags as closely as the green.
- This is a specification-verified review. Its figures come from Smartravel's published documents, ZOONLAI's listing, statutes, our own store record, named owners' and reviewers' own words, the published research the range and fit sections cite, or arithmetic on this page.
- Each range figure is one steady ride: a single speed on a single grade with no wind and no stops. Stops, starts and headwinds cost more; a tailwind costs less.
- The owner's charge that checks the model ran on the earlier 960 Wh pack. Danny VLOGs gave about 30 miles, a 34 mph top and a 135 lb rider, but no average speed, route or climbing, so the check gives the steady speed those miles imply, 24.1 mph, not a percentage gap.
- Bafang's figures stand in for Smartravel's motor. Smartravel gives 1,200 W sustained, 1,500 W peak and a geared hub; the model uses Bafang's published shape for a geared hub at 48 V. At 82% efficiency in place of Bafang's 80% floor, the 15 mph throttle figure moves from 71 miles to 76; rated at 1,500 W, to 70.
- The model holds the motor to its sustained rating, so it prints no steady figure at 32 mph on the throttle, where the 1,500 W peak would work for a stretch.
- Light-load motor losses are modeled, not measured. The physics reproduces Martin and colleagues' worked example and the motor reproduces Bafang's 80% at the rated point; the 173- and 205-mile cells lean most on the model's losses at light load.
- The documents read here do not say how much of the pack the battery management releases. On one measured pedelec, researchers at KIT found 75% used in a standard range test, and the planning column keeps that 25% back.
- The tire coefficient is the median of ten 26 × 4.00 fat tires at 12 psi, a stand-in for the CHAO YANG 20 × 4.0 on the bike; the tire table brackets it with the lowest and highest of the ten.
- The wheel is measured on the Raptor frame's side photograph. The model uses the tires as photographed, 22.7 inches across at the wheelbase scale; Smartravel's "20X4" is the rim size.
- The frame is measured on the ST202 Pro's photograph. The ST202's own gallery photographs are three-quarter views and ridden or parked scenes, and the model reads its lengths from Smartravel's square studio side view of the Pro; ZOONLAI prints one geometry table for both Raptors, both of Smartravel's FAQs give the same 33-inch seat, and the ST202's own 68.11-inch length sits 2.7% above the length measured on the Pro's photograph.
- The cold figures rest on one cell's laboratory data. Smartravel names LG cells without a model, so the central line uses McMaster University's LG HG2, bracketed by other published cell data, with the cells assumed to be at air temperature.
- The charge time is arithmetic on the charger's rating. Smartravel quotes 5 and 5 to 6 hours; 27 Ah at the 3 A rating is 9 hours of full current, and a charger's current tapers near full.
- The pack has changed over the model's life. The product's web address still reads "48v-20ah" and a 2024 owner's video describes 20 Ah; this review follows the US page's 27 Ah and 1,296 Wh.
- Where published figures differ, this review follows the US product page read on September 27, 2026. Smartravel gives 86 N·m and ZOONLAI's description "up to 95 Nm"; the FAQ gives the seat as 33 inches and ZOONLAI's table 33.4; ZOONLAI's table lists a 68.9-inch length, a 42.1-inch height and a 34.25-inch rack against the page's 68.11 by 43.31 and the photograph's measure; and the product record's shipping weight field reads 47 kg against the specification's 51.6 kg.
- Smartravel's documents state more than one warranty term: 12 months on the page's badge and in its warranty policy's table, and "a 2-year warranty for each ebike" in the page's help block. This review states the policy's 12 months, and the rack's own rating is asked for in writing.
- The fit figures use the US Army's ANSUR II bodies: 6,068 soldiers aged 17 to 58, measured in 2010 to 2012, who are not the US public, so your own inseam decides your row.
- The cockpit is the one in the Raptor frame's side photograph. Its scale comes from ZOONLAI's 43.3-inch wheelbase, checked against four published figures to within three percent; the grip is read from an outline seen at an angle and bracketed across it, and the lean and hand tables seat the rider at the middle of the bench's flat.
- The hand figure is a ceiling with a relaxed back. On a real ride your back and arms carry part of it, and the 109% formula is a starting point the knee range and the heel check refine.
- Owners' and reviewers' figures are theirs. Their speeds, miles and assist-level readings were taken on their own units, surfaces and settings; the price, the colorways and the stock state were read on September 27, 2026 and can change, and the recall search covers the CPSC's US database under the names listed.
The bottom line
For $1,249.99, the Raptor ST202 puts one rear hub motor, rated 1,200 W sustained and 1,500 W peak, and a 1,296 Wh pack on a moped-style frame, with a GPS tracker, hydraulic disc brakes, suspension at both ends, 20 × 4.0 tires, seven Shimano gears, a rack and fenders.
On level pavement a 180 lb rider can plan around 71 miles at 15 mph on the throttle, or 107 pedaling easily. Each 1,000 feet of climbing at 10 mph on the throttle adds 184 to 248 Wh, and a day of stops and hills costs more, which is why the plan holds a quarter back.
Our Smartravel brand profile sets the ST202 beside the dual-motor Pro and the four other Smartravels we sell, pack by pack and price by price.
It suits adults who ride on the throttle, from about 5'9" up for flat feet at the stops, with a ground-level home for a 113.9 lb bike. On Shop Pay that is $112.82 a month over 12 months at 15% APR, subject to an eligibility check.
Settle the class before you pay: Smartravel rates the motor at 1,200 W sustained and publishes 32 mph, above the e-bike definitions quoted here. Before you order, name the roads and trails you have in mind, and we will lay out what the rules there ask of the ST202.
Green or gray, the price is the same $1,249.99, against a $2,299.99 regular price. This button orders gray, and green is one click. Delivery to the lower 48 costs nothing, and a bike damaged in transit becomes our carrier claim to file.
Order the gray ST202Source register
Each document this review relies on, and what it supports.
T1 is the record itself, read from the party that issued it: a statute, a federal regulation or notice, the maker's own product page, record, policy and instructions, and our own store record.
T2 is a party's own publication about its product or its measurements: the motor maker's workbook, the research groups' and laboratories' published measurements, and the owners' and reviewers' recorded words and readings.
| Source | Tier | What it supports |
|---|---|---|
| Smartravel, Raptor ST202 product page and product record | T1 (manufacturer, primary) | Every specification row, the range figures, the FAQ, the model chart, the UL statement, the tracker's features, the owner reviews, the listing date and the shipping-weight field |
| Smartravel, ST202 app instructions, manuals page and warranty and return policy | T1 (manufacturer, primary) | The app's features in its own words, the setup steps, the GPS service plan, the warranty table and the dealer route |
| Smartravel, ST202 assembly video | T1 (manufacturer, primary) | The assembly order, the charger's lights and the battery's key release |
| ZOONLAI, Raptor ST202 listing | T1 (the maker's own second store: "Zoonlai and Smartravel are part of the same company") | The geometry table, the size slider, the adult sizing line, the UL badge, the 95 Nm line and the second review count |
| Raptor ST202 Pro product page | T1 (manufacturer, primary) | The side photograph the frame is measured on, its seat line and its listed length |
| 15 U.S.C. § 2085 · Cal. Veh. Code § 312.5 · Cal. Veh. Code § 406 | T1 (GPO, legislature) | The definitions and lines, quoted |
| 43 CFR 8340.0-5 · 36 CFR 261.13 · 36 CFR 261.1b · 87 FR 41278 | T1 (federal regulation and notice) | BLM and Forest Service e-bike rules and the penalty |
| CPSC recall database | T1 (federal agency) | The recall search and its controls |
| Redtail eBikes shipping policy, refund policy and our listing | T1 (first party) | Price, colorways, Shop Pay terms, shipping scope, damage window, claim handling, change-of-mind terms |
| Mountain Weekly News, review · Danny VLOGs, Episode 2 · Jenny Lee, test ride | T2 (the reviewers' and owners' own recorded words and readings) | Top speeds, the mounting tip at 5'1", the assist-level speeds, the earlier pack and the charge that checks the range model, the horn, the signals and the display |
| Bafang workbook 2021 | T2 (motor maker, primary) | The comparable hub motor's shape, efficiency floor and torque |
| Martin et al., 1998 | T2 (own validation) | The cycling-power model, its worked example and chain efficiency |
| Bicycle Rolling Resistance (Kenda Juggernaut Pro, temperature test) · Rothhämel, 2023 | T2 (own published measurements) | Fat-tire rolling resistance and its change with temperature |
| Tengattini and Bigazzi, 2018 | T2 (own field measurements) | Drag areas, upright and mountain-bike |
| Arango, Lopez and Ceren, 2021 · Schmitt, Decker and Doppelbauer, 2019 | T2 (own measurements) | Battery efficiency; usable pack energy on a measured pedelec |
| McMaster HG2 data; Samsung sheets (25R, 30Q, 35E); Casado et al., 2025 · U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 | T2 / T1 | Cell energy by temperature and its brackets; air density |
| US Army ANSUR II, 2012 | T1 (federal agency data) | The 6,068 bodies behind every fit figure |
| Peveler et al., 2005 · Peveler et al., 2007 · Ferrer-Roca et al., 2012 | T2 (peer-reviewed measurements) | The saddle formula, its published range and the knee target |
| Priego Quesada et al., 2017 · Slane et al., 2011 · Carahalios, 2015 · Clauser et al., 1969 | T2 (own published measurements) | Comfort by trunk position, hand pressure, the measured load on the bars, and the segment weights |
Expiry conditions
Re-read this page if Smartravel changes the ST202's price, pack, specification, range figures, seat height or motor ratings on its US product page; if Smartravel publishes or confirms in writing the rack's rating, the GPS plan prices, the certificate or a single warranty term; or if the price, the colorways or the Shop Pay terms change on our store.
Re-read it as well if a recall is published naming Smartravel, ZOONLAI or the ST202. Verified September 27, 2026.
References
The full bibliographic record for each document cited above, with the date it was retrieved.
- Smartravel, Smartravel Raptor ST202 GPS-Enabled All-Terrain Electric Bike — product page (spec strip, feature copy, Spec&Size table, model chart, FAQs, customer reviews, trust badges, as rendered under the US market). Retrieved September 27, 2026. https://www.smartravelor.com/products/smartravel-gps-electric-bike-for-adults-ebike-with-real-time-positioning-and-app-control-1200w-48v-20ah-up-to-32-mph-simano7-speed-fat-tire-electric-bicycle
- Smartravel, Raptor ST202 — product record, variant prices and compare-at prices, SKUs ZM22 Green and ZM22 Grey, the shipping-weight field and the creation date. Retrieved September 27, 2026. https://www.smartravelor.com/products/smartravel-gps-electric-bike-for-adults-ebike-with-real-time-positioning-and-app-control-1200w-48v-20ah-up-to-32-mph-simano7-speed-fat-tire-electric-bicycle.json
- Smartravel, Smartravel Ebike App Instruction (ST202; the file name carries 20231212): GPS serial number, registration, Bluetooth, geo-fencing, remote control, alarms, navigation, service plan, gear level, fault record, SIM information. Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://cdn.shopify.com/s/files/1/0704/0172/0642/files/Smartravel-Ebike-ST202-App-Instruction-20231212.pdf
- Smartravel, Download my owner's manual or view assembly video (manuals page). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.smartravelor.com/pages/download-my-owners-manual-or-view-assembly-video
- Smartravel, Warranty&Return Policy (warranty region, the component table, exclusions, claims). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.smartravelor.com/pages/return-policy
- Smartravel-ebike, ST202 Ebike Assembly Instruction, YouTube, February 25, 2024 (assembly order, charger lights, battery release). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZRtxkEN8WiU
- ZOONLAI, Smartravel Raptor ST202 — product page (geometry table, size slider, description, FAQs, customer reviews, UL badge). Retrieved September 27, 2026. https://www.zoonlai.com/products/smartravel-raptor-st202
- Smartravel, Smartravel Raptor ST202 Pro Dual Motor and Battery eBike — product page (the side photograph ZM22_0-4, the FAQ's seat height, the vehicle size). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.smartravelor.com/products/smartravel-raptor-st202-pro
- Mountain Weekly News, 79 Pound Full Suspension @Smartravel-ebike That Crushes Off-Road Terrain, YouTube, August 26, 2024 (top speed, mounting at 5'1", suspension, horn, turn signals, display). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=k1ax9uxUN4k
- Danny VLOGs, Episode 2: SMARTRAVEL Raptor ST 202 2024 Upgraded Model Reviews 40MPH E-bike, YouTube, July 26, 2024 (rider weight, speeds, the 20 Ah pack, the miles from a charge, the seat, the shocks). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TiMGP4svHo
- Jenny Lee, Ebike Test Ride (my first electric bike by Smartravel), YouTube, December 10, 2023 (first charge, assist-level speeds, removable battery, storage case, winter use). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vE7VxvcOe1Y
- US Government Publishing Office, 15 U.S.C. § 2085 — Low-speed electric bicycles, subsection (b). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title15/html/USCODE-2024-title15-chap47-sec2085.htm
- California Legislative Information, California Vehicle Code § 312.5, subdivision (a). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=312.5.
- California Legislative Information, California Vehicle Code § 406, subdivision (a) (amended by Stats. 2015, Ch. 568). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=406.
- Bureau of Land Management, 43 CFR § 8340.0-5, paragraphs (a)(5) and (j) (85 FR 69223, Nov. 2, 2020). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-43/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-H/part-8340
- Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, 36 CFR § 261.13 — Motor vehicle use. Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-36/chapter-II/subchapter-B/part-261/subpart-A/section-261.13
- Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, 36 CFR § 261.1b — Penalty (89 FR 92815, Nov. 25, 2024). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-36/chapter-II/subchapter-B/part-261/subpart-A/section-261.1b
- US Forest Service, Directive Publication Notice, 87 FR 41278 (July 12, 2022), recording the final e-bike directives issued March 31, 2022. Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/07/12/2022-14777/directive-publication-notice
- US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Recall database, recall title, product name and manufacturer queries for Smartravel, Smart Travel, Smartravelor, ZOONLAI and ZonMen, a model-code read of a 623-record corpus, and controls Ancheer / Specialized / Trek. Retrieved September 27, 2026. https://www.saferproducts.gov/
- Redtail eBikes, Shipping policy. Retrieved September 27, 2026. https://redtailebikes.com/policies/shipping-policy
- Redtail eBikes, Refund policy (48-hour damage window, change-of-mind and cancellation terms). Retrieved September 27, 2026. https://redtailebikes.com/policies/refund-policy
- Redtail eBikes, Smartravel Raptor ST202 storefront record and Shop Pay terms (price, compare-at price, colorways, availability, warranty and repair terms, installment plans). Retrieved September 27, 2026. https://redtailebikes.com/products/smartravel-gps-electric-bike-for-adults-ebike-with-real-time-positioning-and-app-control-1200w-48v-20ah-up-to-32-mph-simano7-speed-fat-tire-electric-bicycle
- Affirm, Affirm's lending partners (the lenders behind Shop Pay Installments). Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.affirm.com/lenders
- BAFANG, Workbook OEM 2021, MOTORS table, RM G0H0 column: n0, nT, efficiency and maximum torque at 48 V. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://www.bafang-e.com/Uploaded/Labels/BAFANG%20Workbook%20OEM%202021.pdf
- Martin, J. C., Milliken, D. L., Cobb, J. E., McFadden, K. L. and Coggan, A. R., Validation of a Mathematical Model for Road Cycling Power, Journal of Applied Biomechanics 14(3):276–291 (1998), Eq. 14 and Appendix I; doi 10.1123/jab.14.3.276. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/dl_files/b4/8e/b48ef26086091662c561e673d7bd990d77868437.pdf
- Bierman, J., Fat Bike Tires Test Results, BicycleRollingResistance.com, rolling resistance at 12 psi, 28.8 km/h, 42.5 kg. Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://www.bicyclerollingresistance.com/fat-bike-reviews
- Bierman, J., Kenda Juggernaut Pro 2016, BicycleRollingResistance.com, rolling-resistance results. Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://www.bicyclerollingresistance.com/fat-bike-reviews/kenda-juggernaut-pro-2016
- Bierman, J., CRR at Different Temperatures: Examining Temperature Dependence of Rolling Resistance, BicycleRollingResistance.com. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://www.bicyclerollingresistance.com/specials/crr-temperature-test
- Rothhämel, M., On rolling resistance of bicycle tyres with ambient temperature in focus, International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing 17:67–80 (2023); doi 10.1504/IJVSMT.2023.132317. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://www.inderscience.com/filter.php?aid=132317
- Tengattini, S. and Bigazzi, A. Y., Physical characteristics and resistance parameters of typical urban cyclists, Journal of Sports Sciences 36(20):2383–2391 (2018), Table 4; doi 10.1080/02640414.2018.1458587. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://civil-reactlab.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2022/11/Tengattini_2018_Physical-characteristics-and-resistance-parameters-of-typical-urban-cyclists.pdf
- Arango, I., Lopez, C. and Ceren, A., Improving the Autonomy of a Mid-Drive Motor Electric Bicycle Based on System Efficiency Maps and Its Performance, World Electric Vehicle Journal 12(2):59 (2021), Eq. (40); doi 10.3390/wevj12020059. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://mdpi-res.com/d_attachment/wevj/wevj-12-00059/article_deploy/wevj-12-00059.pdf
- Schmitt, M., Decker, S. and Doppelbauer, M., Measuring and Characterization of a Pedal Electric Cycle (Pedelec) on a Full System Test-Bench with Full Range Emulation of a Cyclist, EPE'19 ECCE Europe (IEEE, 2019); doi 10.23919/EPE.2019.8915567. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://publikationen.bibliothek.kit.edu/1000100371/50695920
- Kollmeyer, P. et al., LG 18650HG2 Li-ion Battery Data, Mendeley Data v2, McMaster University; doi 10.17632/b5mj79w5w9.2 (0.5C discharge files, recomputed). Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://doi.org/10.17632/b5mj79w5w9.2
- Samsung SDI, Specification of Product INR18650-25R, § 7.6 Temperature dependence of discharge capacity. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://e2e.ti.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-discussions-components-files/196/4628.130109_5F00_INR18650_2D00_25R-Cell-SPEC-_2800_3_2900_-_2800_1_2900_.pdf
- Samsung SDI, Specification of Product INR18650-30Q, § 7.6 Temperature dependence of discharge capacity. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://e2e.ti.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-discussions-components-files/196/INR18650_2D00_30Q_5F00_datasheet.PDF
- Samsung SDI, Specification of Product INR18650-35E, § 7.5 Temperature Dependence of Discharge Capacity. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://enerpower.de/wp/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Technical_Information_INR18650-35E.pdf
- Casado, S. et al., Evaluation of commercial Li-Ion 18650 battery cells for deep space applications, Journal of Power Sources 638:236552 (2025), Table 3; doi 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236552. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236552
- NOAA, NASA and US Air Force, U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 (NOAA-S/T 76-1562), sea-level pressure and the gas constant for dry air. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19770009539/downloads/19770009539.pdf
- U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, 2012 Anthropometric Survey of U.S. Army Personnel (ANSUR II), public data release (4,082 men, 1,986 women). Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://www.army.mil/article/188601/for_good_measure_natick_releases_raw_data_from_army_wide_anthropometric_survey
- Peveler, W., Bishop, P., Smith, J., Richardson, M. and Whitehorn, E., Comparing Methods for Setting Saddle Height in Trained Cyclists, Journal of Exercise Physiology Online 8(1):51–55 (2005), Methods and Results. Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://www.asep.org/asep/asep/JEPonlineFEBRUARY2005_PevelerSaddle.doc
- Ferrer-Roca, V., Roig, A., Galilea, P. and García-López, J., Influence of saddle height on lower limb kinematics in well-trained cyclists: static vs. dynamic evaluation in bike fitting, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 26(11):3025–3029 (2012); doi 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318245c09d. Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22190163/
- Peveler, W. W., Pounders, J. D. and Bishop, P. A., Effects of saddle height on anaerobic power production in cycling, Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 21(4):1023–1027 (2007); doi 10.1519/R-20316.1. Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18076230/
- Priego Quesada, J. I., Pérez-Soriano, P., Lucas-Cuevas, A. G., Salvador Palmer, R. and Cibrián Ortiz de Anda, R. M., Effect of bike-fit in the perception of comfort, fatigue and pain, Journal of Sports Sciences 35(14):1459–1465 (2017). Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27490817/
- Slane, J., Timmerman, M., Ploeg, H. L. and Thelen, D. G., The influence of glove and hand position on pressure over the ulnar nerve during cycling, Clinical Biomechanics 26(6):642–648 (2011). Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21458120/
- Carahalios, A., An Analysis of the Bicycle-Rider Interface Forces in Stationary Road Cycling, MS thesis, University of Colorado (2015). Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://scholar.colorado.edu/downloads/70795789x
- Clauser, C. E., McConville, J. T. and Young, J. W., Weight, Volume, and Center of Mass of Segments of the Human Body, AMRL-TR-69-70, Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base (1969). Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://ntrs.nasa.gov/api/citations/19700027497/downloads/19700027497.pdf
- Redtail eBikes, Raptor ST202 range model, the computation set out in the range section of this review, every input and its source in its inputs table, checked against an owner's charge on the earlier 960 Wh pack; run September 27, 2026. https://redtailebikes.com/blogs/journal/smartravel-raptor-st202-review#range
- Redtail eBikes, Raptor ST202 fit model, the computation set out in the fit section of this review, every input and its source in its inputs table, the photograph's controls beside it; run September 27, 2026. https://redtailebikes.com/blogs/journal/smartravel-raptor-st202-review#fit
- ZOONLAI, Home page, the brand paragraph: "Zoonlai and Smartravel are part of the same company, operating two dedicated product lines to serve different riding needs". Retrieved September 26, 2026. https://www.zoonlai.com/







Share:
Samebike RS-A02 Plus Review 2026: 816 Wh for $1,199
West Virginia eBike Laws 2026: Fewer Than 750 Watts