Eunorau META275 2.0 Review 2026: 720 Wh, $1,529

68.4 lb · 27.5 × 2.6 tires · 48V 500 W rear hub · 55 N·m · torque sensor · seven speeds · 720 Wh, 1,440 Wh with the second pack · 20 mph Class 2 · 286 lb payload · $1,529 in five colors · verified November 3, 2026

Quick Answer — This Eunorau META275 2.0 review covers the META275 2.0, a 68.4 lb, $1,529 step-through on 27.5 × 2.6 tires with a 720 Wh pack, a 55 N·m rear hub, a torque sensor, seven speeds and 20 mph. On flat pavement at 15 mph on the throttle, a 180 lb rider gets about 50 miles from one charge.

Eunorau sizes it for riders from 5'6" to 6'1", and its low step sits 19.5 inches off the ground in Eunorau's own photograph (the fit section). Screened on its published 500 W, thumb throttle and 20 mph, the 2.0 counts as an electric bicycle in 47 states and the District of Columbia (the class section).

What's on this page

Twenty-five sections, laid out in the order the questions tend to come: who it suits, how the frame and the drive work, how far it goes, whether it fits you, where it counts as a bicycle, what owning it involves, and the verdict.

• Who the META275 2.0 is for
• How we verified this Eunorau META275 2.0 review
• Eunorau META275 2.0 specifications
• The step-through frame, and what it changes
• How 55 N·m and the torque sensor ride
• Seven speeds, 180 mm discs and the parts you touch
• Which META to buy
• How far the META275 2.0 goes on its 720 Wh pack
• What the 286 lb payload covers
• Will the META275 2.0 fit you?
• The Mercer fit test
• What the law calls it: 500 W, a throttle and 20 mph
• Charging, and the second pack
• Where Eunorau prints a figure two ways
• Has it been recalled?
• Is it UL certified?
• Warranty, and who handles a claim
• Buying it from us
• The honest ledger
• Who should buy it
• Before you buy: the checklist
• Limitations of this review
• The source register
• Frequently asked questions
• The bottom line

Who the META275 2.0 is for

Eunorau's photograph of the Deep Crimson, on a light sweep we built around it for this card. The range section computes the 50 miles.

Buy it if you ride pavement between 5'6" and 6'1", would rather step through a frame than swing a leg over one, and want the bigger of the two META275 packs. Eunorau's page pairs a 500 W rear hub rated to 55 N·m with a torque sensor, a thumb throttle, a seven-speed Shimano shifter, 180 mm hydraulic discs and a 720 Wh pack for $1,699.

The Steel Blue, drive side, in Eunorau's studio photograph.

It is the step-through on the META275's 27.5-inch wheels: the down tube dips low between the head tube and the seat tube, so you walk into the bike rather than lift a leg over it (the frame section). The torque sensor answers how hard you push, the throttle moves you off a stop without pedaling, and fenders and lights are part of the build (the parts section).

Dark Charcoal, seen from the chain side in Eunorau's studio shot.

Wrong height, or heading off pavement? Another of our bikes will suit you better.

Under 5'6", the META24 and the META20 are the smaller step-throughs; for a step-over on these same 27.5-inch wheels with 65 N·m, read our META275 1.0 review. Past 6'1", the META26 runs to 6'3", and for dirt and roots, our URUS 2.0 review covers a full-suspension Eunorau.

How we verified this Eunorau META275 2.0 review

Every specification here is Eunorau's, read on September 26 and 28, 2026 from the META275 2.0's product page, its product record and the geometry image it shows, and every figure that needs arithmetic was recomputed. Where Eunorau gives a figure two ways, the conflicts table shows both.

The range and fit sections each close with their formulas and inputs (range, fit), and the fit is measured on Eunorau's own photograph after its scale was checked against the published geometry. The dates behind the jurisdiction screen, the recall screens and our store terms are in the Limitations, and every legal statement links its provision.

Because we sell the META275 2.0, the honest ledger points each rider it suits less well to another bike in our range. The author is Milad Ghobadibeygvand, BScN (Western University, 2014); send corrections to corrections@redtailebikes.com.

Eunorau META275 2.0 specifications

Every row is Eunorau's own figure, read on September 26 and 28, 2026.

The geometry is an image on the same page, a table with columns for the META24, the META26 and the META275:

Eunorau's geometry image, read on September 28, 2026; the same image sits on the META275 1.0's page, and Eunorau's drive-side photograph of the 2.0 matches six of the seven rows checked against it within 3.5% (the fit formula).

The step-through frame, and what it changes

The META275 2.0 has no top tube to lift a leg over: the down tube runs low from the head tube and a short cross tube joins it to the seat tube, so you step into the bike from the side. Eunorau tags the model "Step-Through" on its page, and every photograph in its gallery shows that low frame.

The Deep Crimson from the front, in Eunorau's studio photograph: the fork with Eunorau's decal, the headlight and the low frame behind them.

Measured on Eunorau's photograph, the frame's low point stands 19.5 inches off the ground, and at the bottom of Eunorau's window, 5'6", 95 of 100 riders clear it by 10.8 inches or more (the fit section). If lifting a leg high is a chore for you, that is the reason to pick this frame.

Would you rather swing a leg over a top tube? The META275 1.0 runs the same 27.5 × 2.6 tires on a step-over frame, with a 13 Ah pack and 65 N·m (the family table).

How 55 N·m and the torque sensor ride

The 2.0's rear hub is rated to 55 N·m, the same figure Eunorau prints for the META20, META24 and META26, and 10 below the step-over META275 1.0's 65. Torque is what starts a loaded bike from a light on a grade, and the model caps this hub at Eunorau's 55 (the range formula).

Eunorau's page describes the sensor like this: "As you pedal with more force, the motor responds with greater power". Push hard away from a stop and the help comes on strong; spin easily on the flat and the pack is barely asked for anything.

The Deep Crimson's drivetrain, cropped from Eunorau's drive-side studio photograph: the freewheel and Shimano derailleur at the hub, the chain, and the chainring.

In numbers, from the road-power model: at 15 mph on the flat, 75 W of your own pedaling lowers the pack's cost from 14.3 to 8.3 Wh a mile and carries one charge from about 50 miles to 87 (the gear table).

The thumb throttle is the other half. Eunorau's components rows call it "power at your hand is always available", so the bike leaves a stop, or gets you home on a tired evening, with no pedaling at all.

Seven speeds, 180 mm discs and the parts you touch

Eunorau lists a Shimano ASLM3157RC 7-speed shifter on the 2.0, the same count the META20, META24 and META26 name, while the step-over META275 1.0 gets nine.

Braking is hydraulic, on 180 mm rotors, with a motor cutoff switch in each lever, so the hub stops pushing the moment you squeeze (Eunorau's components rows). Eunorau's feature copy calls the brakes "sensitive" and promises "efficient and ample force when braking".

The Deep Crimson from behind, in Eunorau's studio photograph: the rack and its taillight, the rear fender, the hub motor at the axle and the kickstand.

The rest of the list, from Eunorau's page and record:

• The fork: the feature list's "Front Suspension" "adeptly absorbs the majority of abrupt jolts and vibrations".
• The display: a BC182 LCD with EUNORAU GO app support, which the feature copy says "offers vital rider information and Bluetooth connectivity for phone integration".
• The lights: both run from the main pack, and the taillight lights up "Every time the brakes are applied".
• In the box: fenders and a tool, per the component rows and the record.
• The rack: every studio photograph shows a rear rack with a taillight, though neither the specification, the feature list nor the record names one.

The Deep Crimson's cockpit, cropped from Eunorau's drive-side studio photograph: the swept-back bars on the adjustable stem, above the head tube.

Which META to buy

Four of the five METAs we carry cost $1,699 and the META275 1.0 costs $1,399; what separates them is the frame, the wheel, the pack, the torque and the height range Eunorau gives. The META275 2.0 shares its wheels with the 1.0, and carries the larger pack of the two.

Each figure comes from that model's Eunorau page (META275 2.0, META275 1.0, META26, META24, META20), read on September 26, 2026; our prices were read on September 28, 2026.

Choose the META275 2.0 for the 27.5-inch wheels on a frame you step into, and 96 more watt-hours than the 1.0 carries.

Choose the META275 1.0 for a step-over frame, 65 N·m and nine speeds on the same wheels (its Eunorau page).

Choose the META26 above 6'1", up to Eunorau's 6'3"; the META24 from 5'3"; and the META20 when the bike must fold (the META26, META24 and META20 pages).

Eunorau's own page sells three of these as one step-through in three sizes: its size selector's S opens the META24, its M the META26, and its L is this bike. The windows Eunorau prints for the S and the M each take in the L's whole 5'6" to 6'1", so between those heights you choose by wheel and tire: 24 or 26 inches on 3.0-inch tires, or 27.5 on 2.6s.

Alpine White, photographed by Eunorau from the drive side.

How far the META275 2.0 goes on its 720 Wh pack

A 180 lb rider on flat pavement at 15 mph on the throttle gets about 50 miles from the 720 Wh pack, and about 33 at 20 mph. Hold 15% back, the upper end of the 10 to 15% Eunorau's FAQ says to recharge at, and that ride plans at 43 miles; a second 15 Ah pack takes the plan to 86.

Each row comes out of one saved model built on the META275 2.0's 500 W, 55 N·m rear hub, its 20 mph limit, its 68.4 lb and its 720 Wh, worked through the road physics in the formula subsection.

Find your own ride in three steps:

1. Start at the speed you usually hold in the speed table, then read across to throttle or pedaling in the table after it.
2. Then count your climbs in the hill table, and move to the weight table if you and what you carry differ from 180 lb.
3. Plan from the "15% kept" column, and order the second pack if your longest day goes beyond it.

How far does it go at my speed?

Speed decides most of it: the 50 miles at 15 mph on the throttle shrink to 33 at 20 mph, 34% fewer, because the air's drag on every mile climbs with the square of your speed (Martin et al., 1998).

Flat pavement, still air at 77 °F, a 180 lb rider using the throttle and no pedaling. "With 15% kept" leaves 15% in the pack, the upper end of the 10 to 15% Eunorau's FAQ says to recharge at; "Both packs" counts the optional second 15 Ah pack as well, 1,440 Wh, again with 15% kept.

Pedaling stretches every row. Eunorau's page describes the torque sensor in a sentence, "As you pedal with more force, the motor responds with greater power", and the model divides each speed between your legs and the pack:

Flat pavement, a 180 lb rider, the 720 Wh pack. Easy pedaling puts 75 W into the cranks and steady pedaling 150 W, each through the chain, with the motor adding the rest. With 150 W from you at 15 mph the pack supplies just 2.8 Wh a mile, which is why that cell reads 255 miles.

Which gear saves battery?

Shifting alone saves no charge: the motor sits in the rear hub, so a gear change moves your cadence and leaves the motor's work unchanged. Your own effort is what cuts the draw: at 15 mph the pack spends 14.3 Wh a mile on the throttle, 8.3 with easy pedaling and 2.8 with a steady 150 W.

Watt-hours drawn per mile from the 720 Wh pack for a 180 lb rider, no wind. A dash is a climb the model's motor cannot hold at 12 mph inside Eunorau's 500 W; add 150 W of pedaling and it holds.

Let the seven gears look after your knees: shift down before a rise so your cadence stays up, and the torque sensor answers each harder push with more help.

How much do hills cost?

Each 1,000 feet of climbing at a steady 10 mph on the throttle costs about 145 Wh on a 4% grade and about 179 Wh on an 8% grade, more than the same miles would take on the flat. Lifting a 180 lb rider and the 68.4 lb bike through 1,000 feet takes 94 Wh at the wheel; whatever the pack gives beyond that leaves the motor and the pack as heat.

Each grade held at 10 mph by a 180 lb rider on the 720 Wh pack, still air. Grades past 8% are not listed: holding 10 mph on them asks for more than Eunorau's 500 W on the throttle alone, so the bike slows unless you pedal.

Add a hilly route up in pieces. Six miles of flat at 15 mph on the throttle use about 86 Wh, and a 500-foot climb at 6% adds 80 more at 161 Wh per 1,000 feet: roughly 166 Wh in all, comfortably inside the 612 Wh one pack gives with 15% kept back.

Does my weight change the range?

Weight trims the flat range a little and the climbing range a lot: at 15 mph on the throttle, 130 lb of rider goes 54 miles and 180 lb goes 50, while at 10 mph up an 8% grade the same two go 11 miles and 9. Past 220 lb the modeled motor cannot hold 10 mph on that grade within 500 W, so either the speed drops or your legs join in.

Rider and cargo on the 68.4 lb bike, one 720 Wh pack, still air. Eunorau counts its 286 lb payload as rider and load, "Payload covers the rider and anything carried on the bike itself", which leaves the bike's own weight outside it. "Past the model's motor" is a climb that needs more than Eunorau's 500 W at the wheel.

Does cold weather drain the battery?

It does: the 50 miles at 15 mph on the throttle drop to about 40 at 32 °F and about 36 at 14 °F. Three things stack up at freezing: the cells give back about 89% of the energy they hold at 77 °F, the air is 9% denser, and the tires roll 18% harder (Rothhämel, 2023).

Level road, a 180 lb rider on the throttle, one 720 Wh pack. The central column rests on McMaster University's measurements of LG's HG2 cell, held at the air's temperature; the spans at 32 °F and 14 °F mark where other published cell data fall (Limitations).

Do the tires cut range?

Not as much as speed or cold: across the tire groups in a field study of everyday riders, the 15 mph throttle ride spans 44 to 51 miles, and it is 50 at the commuter-tire average this model uses. That average is Tengattini and Bigazzi's for 273 riders' commuter tires, and the table sets it between their slick tires and one standard deviation above (Limitations).

Level pavement, a 180 lb rider on the throttle, one 720 Wh pack. Tengattini and Bigazzi coasted cyclists they stopped at 9 Vancouver sites across 18 summer days in 2016, sorted by tire type; the bottom row adds one standard deviation to the commuter average.

Eunorau's 100 miles, as a ride

Eunorau's 100 miles on two packs matches a steady 15.9 mph on the throttle over flat pavement in the model. Eunorau's specification reads "100 Miles (48V 15Ah Battery+ Second Battery 17Ah)": that pair holds 1,536 Wh, 15.4 Wh for each of the 100 miles.

The product record prints the same 100 miles on a 15 Ah second pack, 1,440 Wh, the size we sell, and the model meets it at a steady 15.1 mph. Add 75 W from your legs and the page's pair covers its 100 miles at 19.3 mph, the record's at 18.7.

To plan, take 85% of any row, leaving 15% in the pack at the top of the 10 to 15% Eunorau's FAQ says to recharge at: the 50 flat miles at 15 mph on the throttle become 43.

How the range tables are computed

Every row starts from the power the rear wheel needs to keep a steady speed. In still air, the road equation that Martin and colleagues checked against measured power in 1998 reads:

Wheel power = v × [ m × g × (Crr × cos θ + sin θ) + ½ × ρ × CdA × v² ]

In it, v is the speed; m is the rider, the cargo and the bike together; g is gravity; θ is the grade's angle; Crr is the tires' rolling resistance (0.0074 is a drag of 0.74% of the weight on them, the commuter-tire average); ρ is the air's density; and CdA is the drag area, how much air the rider and bike push aside.

From the wheel back to the cells, four links:

1. Your legs, when you pedal, reach the wheel through the chain at 97.7% efficiency (Martin et al., 1998), and the motor supplies what the speed still asks for.
2. The motor takes its curve from a hub whose figures are in print: Bafang's 2021 OEM workbook lists its RM G0H0 geared hub at 510 rpm unloaded and 426 rpm at the rated point, efficiency "≥ 80" percent. The model runs that curve at this bike's 48 V and 500 W, places the unloaded speed at 22.4 mph so a 180 lb rider on the throttle settles at Eunorau's 20 mph, and limits the torque to Eunorau's 55 N·m.
3. The pack loses a little of its energy inside: Arango, Lopez and Ceren measured that loss on a 48 V pack, and here it comes to 3.3% at 15 mph on the throttle.
4. Watt-hours per mile are the watts leaving the cells divided by the speed in mph, and miles are the 720 Wh, scaled for the energy the air's temperature leaves in the cells, divided by watt-hours per mile.

One ride worked end to end: a 180 lb rider on the throttle alone, 15 mph, flat pavement. Rolling takes 54.8 W and the air 114.2 W, so the wheel needs 169.1 W.

The 27.89-inch wheel turns 180.8 times a minute at that speed. The motor model's 1.695 N·m per amp, its 0.607 Ω winding and its 0.55 A no-load current, each derived from Bafang's published figures at 48 V, give 8.9 N·m on 5.8 A at 82% efficiency.

That is 207.3 W drawn by the motor, and with the pack's own losses the cells give 214.3 W: 14.3 Wh a mile at 15 mph (14.28 before rounding), so 720 ÷ 14.28 is 50.4 miles, or 42.8 with 15% kept.

Each half of the model, set against its source:

The worked example in Martin and colleagues' Appendix I (8.36 m/s over the ground, a 90 kg system on a 0.3% grade), and Bafang's rated point for the RM G0H0.

What the 286 lb payload covers

Eunorau rates the META275 2.0 to carry 286 lb, meaning you and everything you bring, with the bike's own 68.4 lb counted separately. Eunorau's trailer guide puts the rule in its own words: "Payload covers the rider and anything carried on the bike itself."

Take a 170 lb rider with a 25 lb bag of groceries on the rack: 195 lb, which leaves 91 lb of the rating unused. The load does show up in the range: at 15 mph on the throttle, 130 lb of rider and cargo goes 54 miles, and the full 286 lb goes 44 (the weight table).

That includes anything on the rack Eunorau's photographs show. Eunorau's FAQ lists a 350 lb "weight capacity" for its step-thru bikes as a group; this review works from the 286 lb printed for the 2.0 itself (the conflicts table).

With the second pack aboard, the bike itself weighs about 78.3 lb, since Eunorau lists that pack at 4.5 kg / 9.9 lb. The motor carries the extra on the road; before a flight of stairs, lift the pack off.

The Pastel Pink, in Eunorau's studio photograph.

Will the META275 2.0 fit you?

Eunorau's photograph shows the saddle 40.6 inches off the ground, higher than the fit formula sets it for the median rider at every height through 5'11"; at 6'0", 55 of 100 riders need it higher, and at 6'1", 75 do. You step through a frame 19.5 inches up, lean 1 to 10 degrees forward to the grips, and with your back relaxed your hands carry at most 6 to 13 percent of your weight.

Every figure is worked out for the 6,068 measured bodies in the US Army's anthropometric survey, with the saddle 109% of inseam above the pedal axle, on the frame as Eunorau photographed it.

Your fit on this bike in three steps:

1. Take your inseam barefoot. Stand with your back to a wall, pull a hardcover book up firmly where a saddle would sit, and measure from the floor to the book's top edge.
2. Find your height in the tables below, and check that your inseam falls within that row's range; a longer inseam reads like the row above it.
3. When the bike arrives, set the saddle by the knee and heel checks at the end of this section.

Eunorau prints this frame's rider window three ways. The product page gives 5'6" to 6'1". Its frame-size guide puts the 19-inch (483 mm) seat tube of the META275 geometry on the line between its 5'6"–5'10" and 5'10"–6'1" rows, the same span, while the product record's "Frame Size : 18 inches" falls in the 5'6"–5'10" row alone.

How high should the saddle go?

Through 5'11", the median rider's formula height sits below the saddle Eunorau photographed, so you lower it to fit; from 6'0", most riders set it higher. The formula puts your saddle 109% of your inseam above the pedal axle (Peveler et al., 2005), and published practice runs from 106% to 110.4% (Ferrer-Roca et al., 2012).

On this frame that distance becomes a height off the ground through a crank axle 10.6 inches up, Eunorau's 170 mm cranks and a seat post leaning at 73 degrees.

The ground-to-saddle height the formula sets for the median rider at each height, how far the saddle in Eunorau's photograph sits from it, and how many riders of 100 at that height need the saddle higher than the photograph shows. ANSUR II bodies, women and men together, on the frame as photographed.

At 6'0" and up, the one number to confirm is how far the post rises above that photographed setting.

Can I put a foot down at a stop?

Yes, with room to spare: the step-through's low point stands 19.5 inches off the ground, and at 5'6", 95 of 100 riders clear it by 10.8 inches or more. That low tube, just ahead of the seat tube, is where you step through to get on, and where you stand astride when you stop.

Barefoot inseam minus the frame's height at its low point, measured on Eunorau's photograph: the clearance 95 of 100 riders at each height have or exceed.

Eunorau's own guide to the two frame styles sets out the idea: "A Step-thru eBike is designed with a lower frame, meaning the top bar is absent or significantly lowered, allowing you to easily step through the frame to mount or dismount the bike."

The Deep Crimson's step-through, cropped from Eunorau's drive-side studio photograph: the low cross tube you step over sits just ahead of the seat tube.

Will I feel cramped, or stretched out?

You sit close to upright: the median rider leans 1 degree from vertical at 5'6" and 10 at 6'1" to reach the grips. The grips sit 10.0 to 12.7 inches ahead of the crank axle and 31.6 to 32.8 inches above it, and since a taller rider's saddle climbs while the bars stay where they are, the trunk tips a little further forward to meet them.

Lean from vertical for the median rider on the frame as photographed, the least a straight arm needs to reach the grips from where the sit bones rest; the range spans the saddle's sit zone and the grip's extent in the photograph.

Eunorau lists an "Adjustable Stem for Comfort", which can raise the bars or bring them back toward you if you want to sit taller still.

How much weight goes on my hands?

Not much: with your back relaxed, your hands hold at most 6 percent of your weight at 5'6" and 13 at 6'1". For scale, ten road racers pedaling on the hoods put 15% of their weight on the stem (Carahalios, 2015); on this bike the median rider's relaxed-back ceiling stays under that at every height in Eunorau's window.

The largest share the hands carry with a relaxed back, worked from each body's segment weights (Clauser et al., 1969) across the saddle's sit zone and the grip's extent; the weight column is the survey's median at each height.

A core that holds you up carries part of that load, which is why the table reads as a ceiling. Padded gloves also help on a long day: they cut the pressure over the ulnar nerve by 10 to 28% in a study of 36 experienced cyclists (Slane et al., 2011).

How do I set the saddle when it arrives?

Set it so your knee keeps a 25 to 35 degree bend with the pedal at the bottom of its stroke (Peveler et al., 2007). The heel method is the fastest route: heel on the low pedal, saddle up until that leg is just straight. Among 19 trained cyclists it put 70% inside that range, more than either inseam formula did (Peveler et al., 2005).

Stand the bike upright, loosen the seat clamp, find the height with the heel check, and tighten the clamp fully before you ride.

How we computed fit

Three rules drive every fit row: the saddle sits 1.09 inseams above the pedal axle, the lean is the least trunk angle that lets a straight arm meet the grip, and the hand load is the share of the upper body's weight that lean passes to the bars.

Work it through for a 5'8" rider on the survey's median inseam at that height, 32.6 inches. The saddle belongs 35.6 inches from the pedal axle, 28.9 from the crank axle once the 170 mm crank comes off (LeMond's 88.3% of inseam gives 28.8), and at this frame's 73-degree post that is 38.3 inches off the ground, 2.3 inches under the saddle as Eunorau photographed it.

Before anything was read off the photograph, its scale was checked against the META275 column of Eunorau's geometry.

Scale from the column's 46.1-inch wheelbase, axle center to axle center. Six figures land within 3.5% of Eunorau's; the bracket height reads 10.6 inches against the column's 11.4, so the model carries it at both values. The photograph's seat tube, 19.2 inches, agrees with the column's 483 mm rather than the product record's "Frame Size : 18 inches".

Checked against the survey itself, the formula holds: over all its bodies, the LeMond route plus a 170 mm crank comes to 109.0% of inseam from the pedal, against the 109.2 ± 0.9% measured in trained cyclists (Peveler et al., 2005). The hand figure is a ceiling: its one measured anchor is the road racers above, at a far lower posture.

The Mercer fit test

Every bike we review is set against the same family, the Mercers; each verdict here reads a figure Eunorau prints, or the fit model's row at that member's height on the frame as Eunorau photographed it.

The inputs: Eunorau's 5'6"–6'1" window, the saddle heights in the saddle table, the 19.5-inch step measured on Eunorau's photograph, the 286 lb payload, the 68.4 lb weight, and the class question in the next section.

For Maya, Dana, Frank and Cole, the median rider at each height sets the saddle at or below the height Eunorau photographed; for Jack, at the top of the window, it sits higher, so the post's travel is his one number to confirm. Ruth is sized for the smaller METAs, and Ivy for the EKIDS.

What the law calls it: 500 W, a throttle and 20 mph

On September 28, 2026 we set the META275 2.0's printed 500 W, thumb throttle and 20 mph beside the electric-bicycle definition of every state and the District of Columbia, and the bike falls inside it in 47 states and the District of Columbia. In each of those, it rides under that state's electric-bicycle rules.

Three states read otherwise. New Jersey's P.L.2025, c.285 now limits its definition to assistance "only when the rider is pedaling", which leaves any throttle bike outside it. Alaska and Kentucky have no electric-bicycle definition at all.

In states that sort e-bikes into three classes, a throttle that works up to 20 mph puts this bike in Class 2. California's wording is representative: Class 2 has "a motor that may be used exclusively to propel the bicycle, and that is not capable of providing assistance when the bicycle reaches the speed of 20 miles per hour" (Cal. Veh. Code § 312.5(a)(2)).

What "Speed limited Unlockable" means for the class

Eunorau prints "Class 2 Speed limited Unlockable" in the META275 2.0's highlight strip, beside the 20 mph maximum-speed row this page screens. Set the assist to run beyond 20 mph and the bike leaves Class 2 under the definition quoted above, at which point your state's rules for faster vehicles take over.

Charging, and the second pack

The 2.0 comes with a 2.0 A charger, and Eunorau's "5 - 7 hours" agrees with the arithmetic. Eunorau's 48 V charger listing gives "Output Voltage: 54.6V", so 2 A delivers 109.2 W and fills the 720 Wh pack in about 6.6 hours; a second pack charged after it takes 6.6 more, 13.2 hours back to back.

The second pack is Eunorau's 48V 15 Ah battery, listed for the META series and built on Samsung cells, and it costs $598.80 from us. Carrying both lifts a 180 lb rider's 15 mph throttle plan to 86 flat miles (the range tables).

Storing the bike for a season? Eunorau's FAQ asks that a pack left longer than two weeks be kept "in a cool, dry place with a 70%-80% charge remaining", and recharged while 10 to 15% still remains.

Steel Blue from the left, the side away from the chain, in Eunorau's studio shot.

Where Eunorau prints a figure two ways

Four of Eunorau's own sources describe the META275 2.0: the product page, the product record, the geometry image and the photographs, and its FAQ gives one payload figure for every step-thru it sells. Where two of them differ, the right-hand column says which figure this page works from.

Eunorau's page and record as read on September 26 and again on September 28, 2026, with no change between the two reads; its FAQ as read on September 26.

Has it been recalled?

No federal recall names Eunorau or the META275. On September 28, 2026 we searched the CPSC's recall database for both names in its title, description and product-name fields, confirmed each field was answering with a control query in the same run, and searched every one of the 51 federal recalls whose titles name an electric bicycle, an e-bike or an electric scooter.

We read all 373 rows of the CPSC's warning listing on September 26, 2026: the control brand appeared in two, and neither Eunorau nor the META275 appeared in any.

Is it UL certified?

The highlight strip on Eunorau's META275 2.0 page reads "UL CERTIFIED: Yes". UL 2849 covers an e-bike's electrical system and UL 2271 its battery; if your landlord, campus or insurer asks for the certificate itself, mention it with your order and we will request it from Eunorau.

Warranty, and who handles a claim

Eunorau's warranty policy, read September 26, 2026, sets these coverage periods:

It is issued by Eunorau Bikes, "a Nevada corporation", for bikes bought in the United States on or after August 1, 2023, and covers manufacturing defects in Eunorau's original parts (the policy).

The terms name "the original purchaser", call for "Product Registration right after the purchase" and an "E-bike check-up by a Eunorau specialist or dealer after the first year of use", and exclude ordinary wear and labor. Our Eunorau brand profile lines the terms up across the range.

Buy the 2.0 from us and we run any warranty claim. Send us a photo and a line on what failed; we take it to Eunorau and stay with it until the part is at your door.

Buying it from us

The value case in numbers. With Shop Pay, $1,699 becomes 12 payments of $153.35 at 15% APR, or 3 of $580.55, the two plans our listing displayed on September 28, 2026.*

*Rates from 0-36% APR. Payment options through Shop Pay Installments are subject to an eligibility check and are provided by these lending partners: affirm.com/lenders. Options depend on your purchase amount, and a down payment may be required. State notices to consumers: affirm.com/licenses.

Still deciding? Send your height, inseam, state and daily trip to support@redtailebikes.com, and we will tell you plainly which of the META275 2.0, the META275 1.0 and the META26 suits you.

The honest ledger

Green flags

• 720 Wh in the pack, 96 Wh more than the step-over META275 1.0 carries (the family table).
• A step 19.5 inches off the ground, measured on Eunorau's photograph, that 95 of 100 riders at 5'6" clear by 10.8 inches or more (the fit section).
• Torque sensing and a thumb throttle, in Eunorau's words "As you pedal with more force, the motor responds with greater power" and "power at your hand is always available".
• Counts as an electric bicycle in 47 states and the District of Columbia on the 500 W, throttle and 20 mph Eunorau publishes (the class section).
• Hydraulic discs on 180 mm rotors with a motor cutoff in each lever, a suspension fork, fenders and lights (the parts section).
• Five colors at one price, each orderable from us on September 28, 2026.

Red flags: where it is the wrong bike, and what to do

• Shorter than 5'6": that is where Eunorau's window begins, so read our META24 review and look at the META24, which Eunorau sizes from 5'3".
• You want the most pull on hills: the META275 1.0 rates its hub at 65 N·m on the same wheels; our META275 1.0 review compares them.
• Over 6'0" with a long inseam: 75 of 100 riders at 6'1" need the saddle above Eunorau's photograph, so ask us for the post's travel before you order, or read our META26 review, sized to 6'3".
• Days past about 43 planned miles at 15 mph on the throttle: add the second pack to your cart, or bring your legs in; easy pedaling takes one pack to about 87 (the range tables).
• Heavy loads up steep grades: past 220 lb of rider and cargo, holding 10 mph up 8% asks more than the model's 500 W at the wheel, so shift down early and pedal with the motor (the weight table).
• Trails with roots and rocks: a full-suspension Eunorau suits them better, and our URUS 2.0 review covers one.
• Riding the throttle in New Jersey: its amended definition excludes throttle bikes, so read our New Jersey e-bike law guide first.

Who should buy it

Buy the META275 2.0 if you are 5'6" to 6'1", ride pavement, and want a step-through on 27.5-inch wheels with the larger META275 pack, a torque sensor and a throttle, in any of five colors for $1,529.

Take the META275 1.0 instead if you want a step-over with 65 N·m and nine speeds, and the META26 if you are taller than 6'1".

Skip it if your riding is on dirt: the full-suspension and fat-tire bikes built for trails are collected in our reviews index.

Before you buy: the checklist

Eight checks before the bike ships: the first four decide whether the META275 2.0 is your bike, and the other four get the order and the first week right.

• ☐ Check how your state treats a Class 2 throttle bike; our state guide is the first stop.
• ☐ Measure your inseam barefoot and find your row in the saddle table.
• ☐ Decide between the step-through and a step-over: step through a bike you know, or read the frame section.
• ☐ Total yourself and your load against the 286 lb payload; the 68.4 lb bike is not part of it.
• ☐ Decide on the second pack before you order: one pack gives about 50 miles at 15 mph on the throttle, and two plan at 86.
• ☐ Two packs charged back to back at 2 A take about 13.2 hours, so plan the first night around it.
• ☐ If a building or an insurer wants the UL certificate, ask for it when you order.
• ☐ When the carton arrives, inspect it with the driver present, note any damage, and email us photos within 48 hours.

Limitations of this review

Twenty limits on this review, each numbered and tied to the section it qualifies.

1. The META275 2.0's specifications are Eunorau's figures from its page, record and geometry image, recomputed wherever arithmetic enters. The exceptions, set out below, are our range and fit models, the jurisdiction screen and our store terms.
2. Every range row is one steady speed on one grade in still air. Stop signs, headwinds and the climbs between rows cost more; a tailwind costs less.
3. Eunorau prints the second pack, the range pair, the cell maker, the freewheel, the frame size, the size options, the weight, the payload and the rack more than one way (the conflicts table); the review uses the figure named there.
4. The charging hours are arithmetic from the 2.0 A charger and the 54.6 V Eunorau prints for its 48 V charger, and they leave out the charger's slowdown near full.
5. The jurisdiction screen sets the printed 500 W, thumb throttle and 20 mph beside each state's definition in our rule table as it stood on September 28, 2026, each row citing its statute. It reports what the statutes say and is not legal advice.
6. The recall search ran on September 28, 2026 across three fields of the CPSC database, each proved working by a control query, and across the 51 recalls whose titles name an electric bicycle, an e-bike or an electric scooter, a floor rather than the whole database, since a recall titled only by a brand name escapes a title search; the full warning listing was read on September 26. Neither names Eunorau or the META275.
7. Our price, orderability and Shop Pay terms come from our own listing; the payments are its plan table for $1,699 at 15% APR, read September 28, 2026.
8. The motor model is a comparable, not a measurement of this hub. Eunorau publishes the 2.0's 48 V, 500 W and 55 N·m; between them the curve is Bafang's RM G0H0 geared hub, rebased to those figures, with the no-load speed set so a 180 lb rider reaches Eunorau's 20 mph and no faster.
9. The model holds the motor to the 500 W Eunorau prints. The 48V 20A controller Eunorau lists can draw up to 960 W from the pack (48 × 20), so on a steep climb the bike may hold a speed the weight table marks as past the model's motor.
10. No drum or road measurement of the 2.0's 27.5 × 2.6 tires was found, and Eunorau names no tire maker. The tables use the field average of 273 everyday riders' commuter tires, bracketed by their slick-tire average and by one standard deviation above the commuter mean.
11. Eunorau names the cell maker two ways and no cell model, so the cold rows use McMaster's measured LG HG2 as the central line, bracketed by Samsung's 35E data sheet and Casado et al., 2025.
12. The second pack is modeled as the 48V 15 Ah pack we sell, 720 Wh, with both packs drawn down before the 15% reserve; Eunorau's 100 miles is mapped on both the page's 17 Ah pair and the record's 15 Ah pair.
13. The wheel is the rear tire measured on Eunorau's photograph, 27.89 inches across, with the front reading 27.71 and the size's nominal diameter 28.19; a loaded tire rolls on a slightly smaller radius.
14. No ride of the META275 2.0 to empty, with its speed and load stated, was found in print, so the chain from wheel to pack is checked link by link against its sources, not end to end.
15. The fit tables use the bodies of US Army personnel. ANSUR II measured 6,068 soldiers aged 17 to 58 in 2010 to 2012; how inseam varies at a given height should carry over to civilians, while the exact spread may not.
16. The fit is measured on one photograph of one setting. Eunorau publishes no saddle height, post range, seat angle or standover for the 2.0, so the saddle as photographed is an anchor rather than a limit, and the post's lowest and highest positions are the two numbers to confirm; the grip position is the stem as photographed, and the relaxed back gives the hand load's ceiling.
17. The photograph and the geometry disagree on the bracket height, 10.6 inches measured against the column's 290 mm (11.4 in), so the model carries both; the other six checked dimensions agree within 3.5%.
18. Treat the saddle formula as the first setting, not the last. Among 19 trained cyclists, the inseam formulas put 55 to 65% inside the 25 to 35 degree knee range and the heel check 70% (Peveler et al., 2005); finish the setting on the bike.
19. The geometry column is headed "META275" and appears on both META275 pages; the 2.0's photograph matches it within 3.5% on six of seven checks, and it is printed as Eunorau's figures for this frame.
20. Eunorau's page gives the "Front Suspension" no travel figure, so the model does not use it. Until September 28, 2026 this page described the 2.0 from Eunorau's rows alone, with no computed range or measured fit; both sections now compute each ride and each rider. Expiry: re-verify if Eunorau changes the motor, pack, speed setting, payload, rider window or geometry, if our price moves, or if any state's definition changes.

The source register

What this review rests on, by tier and by what each source supports: Eunorau's pages, record, geometry image and photographs, the statutes, the CPSC's lists, the published measurements under both models, and our own datasets.

Frequently asked questions

Is the Eunorau META275 2.0 a good ebike?

If you are 5'6" to 6'1" and ride pavement, it is a well-equipped step-through for $1,699: a 720 Wh pack, 55 N·m, a torque sensor and a throttle, seven speeds, 180 mm hydraulic discs, a suspension fork, fenders and lights. On flat pavement at 15 mph on the throttle, a 180 lb rider gets about 50 miles from one pack (the range tables).

What is a step-through ebike?

A step-through e-bike has no high top tube, so you walk into the frame instead of swinging a leg over it. On the META275 2.0 the frame's low point, measured on Eunorau's photograph, is 19.5 inches off the ground (the frame section).

Is a step-through bike better than a step-over?

For getting on and off, yes: you step into the frame rather than lift a leg over a tube, which Eunorau's guide to the two frames says helps "especially for those with limited mobility". On this platform the step-over META275 1.0 trades that ease for 65 N·m and nine speeds, while the 2.0 carries the bigger 720 Wh pack (the family table).

Are step-through ebikes for men?

Yes: a step-through is a frame shape, not a gender. The fit tables here pool the women and men of the Army survey, and Eunorau sizes the 2.0 for anyone from 5'6" to 6'1" (the fit section).

What is the difference between the Eunorau META275 2.0 and 1.0?

The frame, the pack, the torque and the gears; the 2.0 costs $1,699 and the 1.0 $1,399. Your 2.0 is a step-through with a 15 Ah pack, 55 N·m and a 7-speed shifter, the 1.0 a step-over with a 13 Ah pack, 65 N·m and a 9-speed shifter, and both roll on 27.5 × 2.6 tires for riders 5'6" to 6'1" (the family table).

How much does the Eunorau META275 2.0 weigh?

68.4 lb, or about 78.3 lb once you mount the second pack, from Eunorau's specification and its second-pack listing (the payload section). Beside the step-over META275 1.0 on the same wheels, 68.3 lb, your step-through weighs a tenth of a pound more and carries the larger pack.

What height is the Eunorau META275 2.0 for?

Eunorau lists 5'6" to 6'1", and sells it as the L of its step-through; the S and M, the META24 and META26, start at 5'3" and 5'4" (the family table). At 5'8", with the survey's median 32.6-inch inseam, you want your saddle top 38.3 inches off the ground, 2.3 inches below where Eunorau photographed it (the saddle table).

How far does the Eunorau META275 2.0 go on one charge?

If you weigh 180 lb and ride flat pavement, about 50 miles at 15 mph on the throttle from the 720 Wh pack, and about 87 pedaling easily. At 20 mph on the throttle you get about 33, and keeping 15% in the pack, the top of the 10 to 15% Eunorau's FAQ says to recharge at, your 15 mph throttle ride plans at 43 (the range tables).

Does the Eunorau META275 2.0 come with a second battery?

No: it ships with one 48V 15 Ah pack, and the second 15 Ah pack is a $598.80 add-on in our store. With both aboard, 1,440 Wh, your 15 mph throttle ride plans at 86 flat miles (the charging section).

Does the META275 2.0 have a torque sensor?

Yes. Eunorau's specification lists a torque sensor, and its feature copy says "As you pedal with more force, the motor responds with greater power." The thumb throttle moves you without pedaling (the sensor section).

How fast does the Eunorau META275 2.0 go?

20 mph, the top speed Eunorau prints, and the throttle alone gets you there; the model's 180 lb rider settles at it on flat ground. The highlight strip reads "Class 2 Speed limited Unlockable", and this review screens the bike at 20 mph (the class section).

Is the Eunorau META275 2.0 street legal?

At its printed 500 W, throttle and 20 mph it falls inside the electric-bicycle definition in 47 states and the District of Columbia. New Jersey's definition leaves out throttle bikes, and Alaska and Kentucky have none (the class section). Your own state's rules start in our state guide.

Is the Eunorau META275 2.0 UL certified?

Eunorau's highlight strip says "UL CERTIFIED: Yes". If you need the certificate itself for a building or an insurer, ask when you order and we will request it from Eunorau (the UL section).

What is the weight limit on the Eunorau META275 2.0?

286 lb for you and what you carry, Eunorau's payload figure, with the 68.4 lb bike counted outside it (the payload section).

Does the Eunorau META275 2.0 have a rack?

Every studio photograph on Eunorau's page shows a rear rack with a taillight, though its specification, feature list and record name only fenders and a tool; if you need the rack confirmed for your order, ask us first (the parts section).

Does the Eunorau META275 2.0 have suspension?

A front suspension fork, which Eunorau's feature list says "adeptly absorbs the majority of abrupt jolts and vibrations"; the rear is rigid (the parts section).

Has the Eunorau META275 been recalled?

No. No CPSC recall named Eunorau or the META275 on September 28, 2026, and none of the 373 product safety warnings the CPSC listed on September 26 did (the recall section).

What warranty comes with the Eunorau META275 2.0?

Ten years on the frame and 24 months on the battery, motor and electrical parts, for you as the original purchaser, with registration after purchase and a first-year check-up (the warranty section). Buy it from us and we run the claim with Eunorau.

Is Eunorau a good brand?

Eunorau names its parts and publishes its terms: on the META275 2.0, a Shimano shifter, hydraulic discs, a torque sensor, a 10-year frame warranty and a "UL CERTIFIED: Yes" mark. Our Eunorau brand profile covers the whole range.

Where are Eunorau bikes made?

Eunorau's FAQ says its bikes are "designed in the U.S. and manufactured in Shanghai", and a team in Shanghai inspects each bike before it ships.

The bottom line

The Eunorau META275 2.0 is the step-through META275: a torque-sensing 27.5-inch city bike with a 720 Wh pack, 55 N·m and a throttle, inside the electric-bicycle definition in 47 states and the District of Columbia, for $1,529 in five colors.

A 180 lb rider gets about 50 miles at 15 mph on the throttle from one pack and 87 pedaling easily, and a second pack lifts the throttle plan to 86.

Buy it for the low step and the bigger pack, from 5'6" to 6'1". Want a step-over? Read our META275 1.0 review; over 6'1", compare the META26.

References

The documents behind this page's figures and rules, numbered by where the page first relies on each, with the publisher, the title, the part cited and the date it was read.

1. Eunorau. META275 2.0 — product page and product record: highlights, specification and component rows, the tags, the feature blocks (the front suspension, the rear hub, the torque sensor, the brakes, the display and app, the lights) and the gallery. eunorau-ebike.com/products/meta275-2; product record meta275-2.json. Retrieved September 26, 2026 and re-read September 28, 2026, unchanged; deposit copies and the maker's gallery archived.
2. Eunorau. Geometry table, META24, META26 and META275 columns (rows A to J), published as an image in the Geometry block of the META275 2.0 and META275 1.0 pages. meta24-275.jpg. Retrieved September 28, 2026; deposit copy archived.
3. Eunorau. Frame Size Suggestion (rider height against frame size, in inches and centimeters). eunorau-ebike.com/pages/frame-size-suggestion. Retrieved September 26, 2026; deposit copy archived.
4. Eunorau. Step-thru vs Step-over eBike: What is the Key Difference? eunorau-ebike.com. December 10, 2025; retrieved September 28, 2026; deposit copy archived. Eunorau's definition of a step-thru frame.
5. Eunorau. META275 1.0, META20 1.0, META24 1.0 and META26 1.0 product pages: wheel and tire, pack, motor torque, gearing, weight, rider window and frame style. META275 1.0, META20, META24, META26. Retrieved September 26, 2026; deposit copies archived.
6. Eunorau. EUNORAU Universal 48V15Ah Secondary Battery, the optional second pack: the models it fits ("META SERIES" among them), Samsung cells, 4.5 kg / 9.9 lb, 2 A standard and 3 A fast charge, $499. eunorau-ebike.com. Retrieved September 27, 2026; deposit copy archived.
7. Eunorau. EUNORAU EBIKES FAQ: the 10-15% recharging advice, the storage advice, weight capacity by kind of bike, and where the bikes are made. eunorau-ebike.com/pages/faqs. Retrieved September 26, 2026; deposit copy archived.
8. Eunorau. Hunting Ebike Trailer Guide: How Much Gear Can You Tow. eunorau-ebike.com. May 31, 2026; retrieved September 24, 2026. Eunorau's own definition of payload.
9. Eunorau. 48V3A 1.0 US/CA Ebike Fast Charger: output voltage 54.6 V. eunorau-ebike.com. Retrieved September 26, 2026; deposit copy archived.
10. Eunorau Bikes. 24-Month+ Limited Warranty: coverage periods, requirements, exclusions and the issuing entity. eunorau-ebike.com/pages/warranty. Retrieved September 26, 2026; deposit copy archived.
11. Redtail eBikes. META275 2.0 store record (redtailebikes.com/products/eunorau-meta275-2): the five colors, price, orderability and the Shop Pay plan table; our listing of the second 15 Ah pack; and our shipping policy. Read September 28, 2026.
12. Affirm. Lending partners. affirm.com/lenders. The lenders behind Shop Pay's installment plans, named in Shopify's installment terms.
13. New Jersey Legislature. P.L.2025, c.285, amending R.S. 39:1-1, "Low-speed electric bicycle" and "Motorized bicycle"; approved January 19, 2026. pub.njleg.gov. Read September 26, 2026 through a proxy when the publisher timed out; the enacted text is also on file from August 15, 2026. "provides assistance only when the rider is pedaling".
14. Alaska State Legislature. AS 28.90.990(a)(20)-(22). akleg.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2026. No electric-bicycle definition.
15. Kentucky Legislature. KRS 189.010. apps.legislature.ky.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2026. No electric-bicycle definition.
16. California Legislative Information. Cal. Veh. Code § 312.5, subsections (a) and (a)(2). leginfo.legislature.ca.gov. Retrieved September 26, 2026.
17. Redtail eBikes editorial desk. The 51-jurisdiction rule table and the META275 2.0 screen. Every US state and DC, each row carrying its statutory citation; screened September 28, 2026 on the published 500 W, thumb throttle and 20 mph: inside the definition in 47 states and the District of Columbia, outside it in New Jersey, and no definition in Alaska and Kentucky. First-party dataset.
18. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. SaferProducts recall database. saferproducts.gov/RestWebServices/Recall. Screened September 28, 2026 for "Eunorau" and "META275" on the RecallTitle, RecallDescription and ProductName fields, each proved live by a control query, and across the 51 recalls whose titles carry one of eight electric-bicycle, e-bike or electric-scooter terms, unioned; screens archived.
19. U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission. Product safety warning listing (complete CSV). cpsc.gov. Read September 26, 2026: 373 warnings, 2 naming the control brand, none naming Eunorau or the META275; deposit copy and screen archived.
20. UL Standards & Engagement (standards body; context only). UL 2849 and UL 2271. Retrieved August 29, 2026.
21. Bafang. Workbook OEM 2021, MOTORS table, RM G0H0 column: rated voltage, n0, nT, maximum torque and efficiency. bafang-e.com. Retrieved September 23, 2026; deposit copy archived.
22. Martin, J. C., Milliken, D. L., Cobb, J. E., McFadden, K. L. and Coggan, A. R. Validation of a Mathematical Model for Road Cycling Power. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 14(3):276–291 (1998), Eq. 14 and Appendix I; doi 10.1123/jab.14.3.276. collections.lib.utah.edu. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
23. Tengattini, S. and Bigazzi, A. Y. Physical characteristics and resistance parameters of typical urban cyclists. Journal of Sports Sciences 36(20):2383–2391 (2018), Table 4 (rolling resistance by tire type; drag area by bicycle type); doi 10.1080/02640414.2018.1458587. civil-reactlab.sites.olt.ubc.ca. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
24. Arango, I., Lopez, C. and Ceren, A. Improving the Autonomy of a Mid-Drive Motor Electric Bicycle Based on System Efficiency Maps and Its Performance. World Electric Vehicle Journal 12(2):59 (2021), Eq. (40); doi 10.3390/wevj12020059. mdpi-res.com. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
25. Kollmeyer, P. et al. LG 18650HG2 Li-ion Battery Data. Mendeley Data v2, McMaster University; doi 10.17632/b5mj79w5w9.2 (0.5C discharge files, recomputed). doi.org. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
26. Samsung SDI. Specification of Product INR18650-35E, Ver. 1.1 (July 9, 2015), § 7.5 Temperature Dependence of Discharge Capacity. enerpower.de. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
27. Casado, S. et al. Evaluation of commercial Li-Ion 18650 battery cells for deep space applications. Journal of Power Sources 638:236552 (2025), Table 3; doi 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2025.236552. doi.org. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
28. NOAA, NASA and US Air Force. U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 (NOAA-S/T 76-1562), sea-level pressure and the composition of dry air. ntrs.nasa.gov. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
29. Rothhämel, M. On rolling resistance of bicycle tyres with ambient temperature in focus. International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing 17:67–80 (2023), Tables 1 and 4; doi 10.1504/IJVSMT.2023.132317. inderscience.com. Retrieved September 23, 2026.
30. U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center. 2012 Anthropometric Survey of U.S. Army Personnel (ANSUR II), public data release (4,082 men, 1,986 women). army.mil. Retrieved September 25, 2026.
31. Peveler, W., Bishop, P., Smith, J., Richardson, M. and Whitehorn, E. Comparing Methods for Setting Saddle Height in Trained Cyclists. Journal of Exercise Physiology Online 8(1):51–55 (2005). asep.org. Retrieved September 25, 2026.
32. Ferrer-Roca, V., Roig, A., Galilea, P. and García-López, J. Influence of saddle height on lower limb kinematics in well-trained cyclists: static vs. dynamic evaluation in bike fitting. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 26(11):3025–3029 (2012). pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved September 25, 2026.
33. Carahalios, A. An Analysis of the Bicycle-Rider Interface Forces in Stationary Road Cycling. MS thesis, University of Colorado (2015). scholar.colorado.edu. Retrieved September 25, 2026.
34. Clauser, C. E., McConville, J. T. and Young, J. W. Weight, Volume, and Center of Mass of Segments of the Human Body, AMRL-TR-69-70 (1969). ntrs.nasa.gov. Retrieved September 25, 2026.
35. Slane, J., Timmerman, M., Ploeg, H. L. and Thelen, D. G. The influence of glove and hand position on pressure over the ulnar nerve during cycling. Clinical Biomechanics 26(6):642–648 (2011). pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved September 25, 2026.
36. Peveler, W. W., Pounders, J. D. and Bishop, P. A. Effects of saddle height on anaerobic power production in cycling. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 21(4):1023–1027 (2007). pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved September 25, 2026.
37. Redtail eBikes editorial desk. META275 2.0 range model. The computation set out in the range section of this review: Martin et al.'s power model with Bafang's RM G0H0 shape rebased to Eunorau's 48 V, 500 W, 55 N·m and 20 mph, on the rear tire's 27.89-inch diameter measured on Eunorau's photograph and the commuter-tire field average; run September 28, 2026. First-party computation; every input and its source in its inputs table.
38. Redtail eBikes editorial desk. META275 2.0 fit model and photograph measurement. Eunorau's drive-side studio photograph of the Deep Crimson, scaled by the published wheelbase and checked against seven published dimensions (six within 3.5%), then every ANSUR II body through the saddle formula with Eunorau's 170 mm crank at the photographed post angle, grip and step height; September 28, 2026. First-party computation; every input and its source in its inputs table.