
Semi-recumbent trike · 750 W rear-drive motor, 1,400 W peak, 90 N·m · torque sensor and half-twist throttle · 48 V 20 Ah Samsung pack, 960 Wh · an 80 mm fork and a rear shock · a mechanical disc on every wheel, a differential and a parking brake · 11.4-inch standover · 380 lb payload ("280+100 LBS") · 20 mph · $3,199 on October 11, 2026 · verified October 11, 2026
Quick Answer — Addmotor's Freetan M-368X is a $3,199 semi-recumbent trike for riders 5'1" to 6'7": a sliding seat that reclines to 170°, suspension at both ends, an 11.4-inch step and a 750 W rear-drive motor. Our model gives a 180 lb rider about 63 miles a charge at 12 mph on the throttle on level pavement, 47 with 380 lb aboard.
Before the price, settle two things: whether your state's definition takes in a 750 W, 20 mph three-wheeler (the class section), and whether you plus your cargo stay inside Addmotor's split of 280 lb on the seat and 100 in the basket (carrying).
On October 11, 2026 our store listed the Freetan at $3,199 in five colors, against a $3,599 regular price. This button opens checkout for Orange, the color on the cover; Gulf Blue, Blue, Green and Mint Green cost the same, and Addmotor's own store showed all five in stock that day. Delivery is free across the contiguous United States, and if a carrier damages the box we file the claim.
Order the Orange FreetanWhat this review covers
Specification · What it is · Against the Arisetan II · Fit · Motor · Battery · Range · Carrying · Brakes and turning · Suspension and tires · Weight and storage · The Mercer fit test · Recalls · Class · Trails and beaches · Green and red flags · Verdict · Checklist · Buying it from us · FAQ · Limitations · Bottom line · References
How we verified this Addmotor Freetan M-368X review
The record is Addmotor's own: its Freetan product page with its four tabs, feature copy and product FAQ, the size drawing, the trike's question board and the posts in which Addmotor prints Freetan figures, read on September 28 and again on October 11, 2026. Price, colors, stock and Shop Pay plans come from our own store, read October 11.
This is a specification-verified review: every figure traces to Addmotor, a statute, our store, a study cited where it is used, or arithmetic laid out on the page, and the range and fit sections print their inputs next to their tables. We sell this trike, so the red flags get the same space as the green ones.
Written by Milad Ghobadibeygvand, BScN (Western University, 2014). Corrections: support@redtailebikes.com.
Addmotor's Freetan M-368X specification
| As Addmotor publishes it | |
|---|---|
| Layout | semi-recumbent: a seat with a backrest behind the crank, one wheel in front and two behind |
| Frame | "6061 Aluminum Alloy Frame" |
| Motor | "750W Rear-Drive Motor, Peak 1400W"; "Max Motor Torque: 90Nm" in the page's feature copy |
| Sensor | "Torque Sensor"; the feature copy heads it "Dual Sensors: Torque & Cadence Synergy" |
| Pedal assist | "7 Level Pedal Assist" |
| Throttle | "Variable Speed Control - 1/2 Twist Throttle" |
| Controller | "Addmotor 25A Controller" |
| Battery | "48V*20 Ah Samsung Battery", 960 Wh |
| Charger | "48V*2.0A 5 Pins US Standard DC Charger 5 Pins With Auto Magnetic Suction" |
| Range | "85 Miles (PAS1)" |
| Top speed | "Up to 20 MPH" |
| Brakes | "Mechanical Disc Brakes On Each Wheel"; "180mm Front / 2*180mm Rear Rotors on 3 Wheels" |
| Parking brake | "Yes" |
| Differential | "Yes" |
| Suspension | "Oil Spring Front Suspension with 80mm of Travel & Rear Shock Absorber"; the fork is an "ADDSHOX 20" Oil Spring Suspension Fork" |
| Gears | "Shimano 7-Speed", a "Shimano 7 Speed Rear Derailleur" and a "Thickened Motorcycle Chain" |
| Display | "Addmotor 5-Inch LCD Display" |
| Seat | "Adjustable PU Saddle with Backrest"; "Adjustable angle 90°-170° and position" |
| Stem and bar | "Adjustable Alloy Stem"; "Adjustable Handlebar, Adjust The Angle" |
| Rims | "Addmotor Aluminum Double-Wall Rim" |
| Lights | a headlight and a taillight "Powered By Main Battery", the taillight "with Brake Light Function" |
| Weight | "148 LBS" |
| Payload | "280+100 LBS" |
| Codes | SKUs EB368X74 (Blue), EB368X75 (Orange), EB368X77 (Mint Green), EB368X78 (Green), EB368X79 (Gulf Blue) |
Every rider gets the same frame, and the seat does the adjusting. Addmotor's Size & Fit tab prints one column, and its size drawing repeats the same figures:
| Dimension | Addmotor's figure |
|---|---|
| Rider height | 5'1" to 6'7" |
| Tires | 20 × 4.0 in on all three wheels |
| Reach | 17.7–35.4 in |
| Standover | 11.4 in |
| Handlebar height | 53.1 in |
| Wheelbase | 60.2 in |
| Total length | 83.5 in |
| Total width | 31.9 in |
| "Low Center of Gravity" | 3.5 in |
| Seat cushion | 17.3 × 13.7 × 3.9 in |
| Seat back | 15.7 × 15.3 × 3.1 in |
| Rear rack | 21.6 × 13.9 × 9.8 in |
Addmotor's Size & Fit, Technical and Performance tabs, first read September 28, 2026; on October 11 all 44 of their values were in the page's data again. The table names no point for its 3.5-inch "Low Center of Gravity", so the figure is printed as Addmotor labels it. Our price was read the same day.
A seat with a backrest, the pedals out front
A semi-recumbent sets you on a chair-like seat behind the crank, so your legs push forward instead of down. Addmotor's product FAQ calls the Freetan "a semi-recumbent electric trike (also called a recumbent e trike or recumbent fat tire trike)", and says its reclined seat and back support "reduce pressure on your lower back, hips, and wrists".

Blue, the one colorway with tan-wall tires, in Addmotor's studio image.
Addmotor gives the frame an 11.4-inch standover, the crank sits low in front of you, and a tall, angle-adjustable stem brings the bar back toward the seat. The single front wheel steers, and the motor sits at the rear with a differential between the two rear wheels.
Addmotor's own customer story for the Freetan is an 88th-birthday gift. Its post of July 27, 2026 follows a veteran whose family took him to a dealership to try one; after a lap of the lot, in Addmotor's telling, "he stepped off with a smile and said, 'This is it.'"
Its feature copy describes the trike as "Two years of meticulous engineering" and "the all-new 2026 semi recumbent electric trike", built around "an ultra-low frame" and "Adjustable seat and handlebars".
Freetan or Arisetan II: two semi-recumbents on our shelf
Addmotor's other semi-recumbent, the Arisetan II M-360, lists the same motor rating, pack size and payload, so the extra money buys the frame. Both list a "750W Rear-Drive Motor", a 48 V 20 Ah Samsung pack, "Up to 20 MPH" and "280+100 LBS", and both carry a differential, a parking brake and a disc on each wheel.
| Freetan M-368X | Arisetan II M-360 (Standard) | |
|---|---|---|
| Our price, October 11, 2026 | $3,199 | $2,499 |
| Suspension | 80 mm fork and a rear shock | a fork with 25 mm of travel |
| Standover | 11.4 in | 26.7 in |
| Rider height | 5'1" to 6'7" | 5'7" to 6'6" |
| Seat | reclines 90°–170°, slides | "Saddle with Backrest" |
| Weight | 148 lb | 110 lb |
| Wheelbase · length · width | 60.2 · 83.5 · 31.9 in | 55.5 · 80.7 · 31 in |
Both columns from Addmotor's own tabs, read October 11, 2026 (Freetan, Arisetan II); prices from our store the same day.
The $700 buys four things: a sprung rear end, a step 15.3 inches lower, a window that opens 6 inches lower, and a seat Addmotor lists as adjustable from 90° to 170°. It also adds 38 lb to move and park. On level pavement at 12 mph on the throttle, our models give a 180 lb rider about 63 miles on the Freetan and about 67 on the Arisetan II.
If the budget stops at $2,500 and you clear a 26.7-inch step, our Arisetan II M-360 review runs the same numbers for it.
Will the Freetan fit you? 5'1" to 6'7" on a sliding seat
Addmotor sizes the Freetan from 5'1" to 6'7", and the seat moves to meet you: it slides forward and back and reclines from 90° to 170°. For a median rider at 5'1" the 109% saddle formula asks for 31.8 inches from the seat to the pedal, and at 6'4" for 41.0, against a seat Addmotor's staff put 26.78 inches off the ground.
Addmotor prints the window twice. Its Size & Fit tab says "5'1"-6'7"", and its post of June 8, 2026 says the Freetan "provides ideal legroom for riders from 5'2" - 6'4"". Both are printed here; the formula table runs through 6'4".
Three steps find your setting:
- Measure your inseam barefoot: stand against a wall, draw a hardcover book up between your legs as a saddle would sit, and measure from the floor to its top edge.
- Read your row in the seat table for the distance your leg wants from the seat to the pedal.
- On the trike, slide the seat until your heel on the far pedal leaves your leg just straight, then email us if the slide runs out before you get there.

Addmotor's size drawing. It is drawn on a three-quarter image, so the formula subsection explains why nothing is measured on it.
How far from the pedals should the seat sit?
Read the third column: the 109% rule applied to the median inseam at your height. The two columns after it bracket that figure at 106%, the low end of the range Ferrer-Roca and colleagues cite, and at 110.4%, the top of the range they propose.
| Your height | Typical inseam | Saddle top to pedal axle | At 106% | At 110.4% |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 5'1" | 27.7–30.3 in | 31.8 in | 31.0 in | 32.3 in |
| 5'2" | 28.0–31.1 in | 32.2 in | 31.3 in | 32.6 in |
| 5'3" | 28.7–31.6 in | 32.8 in | 31.9 in | 33.2 in |
| 5'4" | 29.1–32.2 in | 33.3 in | 32.3 in | 33.7 in |
| 5'5" | 29.7–32.6 in | 33.8 in | 32.9 in | 34.3 in |
| 5'6" | 30.2–33.5 in | 34.5 in | 33.6 in | 34.9 in |
| 5'7" | 30.7–33.9 in | 35.1 in | 34.1 in | 35.5 in |
| 5'8" | 31.1–34.3 in | 35.6 in | 34.6 in | 36.0 in |
| 5'9" | 31.7–34.8 in | 36.1 in | 35.1 in | 36.6 in |
| 5'10" | 32.2–35.5 in | 36.8 in | 35.8 in | 37.3 in |
| 5'11" | 32.9–36.1 in | 37.4 in | 36.4 in | 37.9 in |
| 6'0" | 33.2–36.7 in | 38.1 in | 37.0 in | 38.6 in |
| 6'1" | 33.9–37.2 in | 38.8 in | 37.8 in | 39.3 in |
| 6'2" | 34.3–37.5 in | 39.3 in | 38.2 in | 39.8 in |
| 6'3" | 35.3–38.0 in | 39.9 in | 38.8 in | 40.4 in |
| 6'4" | 36.3–39.1 in | 41.0 in | 39.9 in | 41.6 in |
Inseams are the 5th to 95th percentile at each height among the 6,068 people in the US Army's ANSUR II survey, and all three distances are worked at the median. The survey holds too few people above 6'4" for a row; your own inseam outranks your row, at 1.09 inches of seat distance per inch of leg.
On a semi-recumbent the distance runs back from the pedal, not down to it. Measure it from the pedal at the far end of its stroke, along the line through the crank axle, to where you sit on the cushion; the slide sets it, because the seat's height stays where Addmotor put it.
Addmotor publishes no seat-to-pedal distance and no slide travel, so the table cannot say where on the rail your setting falls. Asked about different heights, Addmotor answered on April 25, 2026 that the cushion "can be adjusted forward and backward to accommodate different rider heights", and its tab lists the seat's angle as "Adjustable angle 90°-170° and position".

Addmotor's seat diagram: the backrest reclines on its hinge and the cushion slides on its rail.
How low is the step across the frame?
11.4 inches, and every surveyed rider from 5'1" to 6'4" steps across it barefoot. Even in the 5'1" row, 95 of every 100 riders have 16.3 inches or more to spare over the frame.
| Your height | Typical inseam | Clear the 11.4 in standover, of 100 |
|---|---|---|
| 5'1" | 29.2 in | 100 |
| 5'2" | 29.5 in | 100 |
| 5'3" | 30.1 in | 100 |
| 5'4" | 30.5 in | 100 |
| 5'5" | 31.0 in | 100 |
| 5'6" | 31.7 in | 100 |
| 5'7" | 32.2 in | 100 |
| 5'8" | 32.6 in | 100 |
| 5'9" | 33.1 in | 100 |
| 5'10" | 33.8 in | 100 |
| 5'11" | 34.3 in | 100 |
| 6'0" | 34.9 in | 100 |
| 6'1" | 35.6 in | 100 |
| 6'2" | 36.0 in | 100 |
| 6'3" | 36.6 in | 100 |
| 6'4" | 37.6 in | 100 |
Barefoot inseams for each height from the same survey, measured against Addmotor's 11.4-inch standover; the middle column is each height's median.
The low part of the frame is the run in front of the seat, so you step in and sit down rather than swing a leg over. Addmotor's July 27, 2026 story puts it in a sentence: "getting on and off is as simple as taking a seat".
Will I lean forward to reach the bars?
No lean figure is computed here, since Addmotor publishes no grip position measured from the seat. Its tab prints a reach of 17.7 to 35.4 inches and a 53.1-inch handlebar height, but no seat angle, bracket height or grip point, and its drawing is a three-quarter image (the formula subsection).

The stem's hinge and its range, in Addmotor's diagram.
What Addmotor does print is how far the cockpit moves. The stem is "Adjustable Alloy Stem" and the bar "Adjust The Angle" on its tab, and its staff answered on March 21, 2026 that with the handlebar at its lowest the trike stands "approximately 40.35 inches" tall.
How much weight goes through my hands?
This is not computed either: the load on your hands follows from the lean, and the lean needs the grip position. The nearest measured figure is a stretched-out one: in Carahalios's 2015 laboratory study, ten road racers riding on their brake hoods put 15% of their weight through the bars, a forward reach the Freetan's backrest never asks of you.
Set the bar where your elbows stay soft with your back against the rest. Tingling palms on long rides are a case for padded gloves, which lowered palm pressure by 10 to 28% across the 36 riders Slane and colleagues measured.
How do I set the seat at home?
Slide the seat until your heel, resting on the pedal at its farthest point, leaves your leg straight. Pedaling on the ball of your foot then keeps the knee slightly bent; in Peveler and colleagues' comparison, the heel check put 70% of 19 trained cyclists inside the 25 to 35 degree bend the cycling literature recommends against injury.
Set the backrest first, since reclining it moves your hips back, then slide the cushion in short steps and ride a block between them.
The fit arithmetic, step by step
One rule makes the seat table: from the pedal at the far end of its stroke to where you sit, 1.09 times your inseam. Worked for a 5'8" rider at that height's median inseam, 32.64 inches unrounded, the rule sets 35.6 inches, and LeMond's rule, which takes 88.3% of the inseam from the crank axle, sets 28.8 inches for the same leg.
The two count from different points, the pedal and the crank axle, and only a crank length links them; Addmotor prints none, so each figure stands on its own rule.
| Input | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Rider bodies | 6,068 (4,082 men, 1,986 women) | US Army ANSUR II, 2012 |
| Seat rule | 109% of inseam; columns at 106% and 110.4% | Peveler et al., 2005; Ferrer-Roca et al., 2012 |
| Seat height off the ground | 26.78 in, "from the sitting position to ground" | Addmotor's answer of March 17, 2026 |
| Standover | 11.4 in | Addmotor's Size & Fit tab |
| Rider window | 5'1" to 6'7"; 5'2" to 6'4" in a post | Addmotor's Size & Fit tab; its post of June 8, 2026 |
| Bracket height, crank length, seat travel, grip position | not published | Addmotor's tabs, read October 11, 2026 |
Addmotor's drawing cannot be measured, for two reasons. It is drawn on a three-quarter image, with the far rear wheel showing beside the near one, so lengths along the trike shrink by an angle the drawing does not give; and Addmotor's own dimension arrows do not share a scale. Scaled by any of its three long lines, it reproduces at most two of its other four within 3.5%:
| Line | Wheelbase scale | Length scale | Bar-height scale |
|---|---|---|---|
| wheelbase (60.2 in) | — | +2.4% | +4.5% |
| total length (83.5 in) | −2.3% | — | +2.1% |
| bar height (53.1 in) | −4.3% | −2.1% | — |
| standover (11.4 in) | +31.6% | +34.7% | +37.5% |
| low center of gravity (3.5 in) | +142.5% | +148.3% | +153.6% |
How far each of Addmotor's dimension arrows, read to the pixel on its drawing and divided by the scale the column names, lands from the figure Addmotor prints beside it; a dash marks the line that sets the scale. The arrows imply 13.5 to 34.3 pixels per inch, so no seat, crank or grip position is taken from the drawing.
Before you pay, email your height and barefoot inseam to support@redtailebikes.com; the reply gives your seat distance and what to check on the rail. This button opens checkout for Blue; Gulf Blue, Green, Mint Green and Orange are $3,199 as well.
Buy it in BlueThe motor: 750 W at the rear, 1,400 W peak, a half-twist throttle
Addmotor rates the motor at 750 W, gives it a 1,400 W peak, and puts it at the rear, where a differential sits between the two rear wheels. The Technical tab lists a "750W Rear-Drive Motor, Peak 1400W", and the page's feature copy adds "Max Motor Torque: 90Nm".

The chain and the rear drive, with the differential housing beside it, in Addmotor's close-up.
The assist answers to how hard you push. The Performance tab names a "Torque Sensor" with "7 Level Pedal Assist", and a "Variable Speed Control - 1/2 Twist Throttle" drives the trike with your feet at rest; the feature copy heads the sensor "Dual Sensors: Torque & Cadence Synergy".
The top speed is "Up to 20 MPH" on the Technical tab, with an "Addmotor 25A Controller" and an "Addmotor 5-Inch LCD Display" running the system. How your state reads that pair of figures is in the class section.
Seven Shimano gears and a "Thickened Motorcycle Chain" carry your pedaling. Asked how hard the trike is to pedal with the battery off, Addmotor answered on August 11, 2026 that "It really depends on the rider", pointing to the 7-speed cassette, "which provides a wider range of gearing and makes pedaling easier"; the range section puts numbers on it.
The 48 V, 20 Ah pack: 960 Wh and 8 to 10 hours on the charger
The pack holds 960 watt-hours, 48 volts times 20 amp-hours. The Technical tab lists a "48V*20 Ah Samsung Battery", and the stat strip repeats "Samsung Battery 48V*20Ah".
A charge from low takes 8 to 10 hours. The product FAQ says "A full charge takes 8–10 hours with the included charger", and Addmotor's answer of April 23, 2026 gives the same span "to fully charge a depleted 48V 20Ah battery using a 48V 2A charger". At 2 amps, 20 amp-hours is 10 hours from empty and 8 from a fifth left, before charging losses.
The charger ships with the trike, in Addmotor's answer of April 24, 2026: "Yes, a charger is included". The Technical tab names it a "48V*2.0A 5 Pins US Standard DC Charger 5 Pins With Auto Magnetic Suction".
On certification, Addmotor's own words appear in two places. Its post of July 27, 2026, written as a dealer's view, calls the pack "a 48V 20Ah Samsung UL-certified battery"; and its buy box sells the matching spare as a "20Ah Samsung UL-Certified Battery".
If a certificate matters to your building or insurer, email us and we will ask Addmotor for the document in writing.
A second pack is the way to stretch a day. Asked for one, Addmotor answered on May 30, 2026 with the page for its 20 Ah spare; ask us and we will quote it with your trike.
Addmotor's pack care comes to three numbers, from its own posts:
- recharge "when it has a 10%-15% charge left", in its battery-health post;
- "keep your battery charge between 20% and 80% for the best lifespan", in its maintenance guide;
- charge "at room temperature (between 10 and 25 degrees Celsius)", which is 50 to 77 °F, in the same guide.
Range: how far a charge takes the Freetan
For a 180 lb rider on level pavement on the throttle, a full pack lasts about 70 miles at 10 mph and 38 at the 20 mph top; with the full 380 lb aboard, the 12 mph ride runs about 47. Add 75 W of easy pedaling at 12 mph and the same rider's charge stretches to about 119 miles, while a steady 8% grade held at 10 mph on the throttle cuts it to about 9.
Reading your own ride off the tables takes three steps:
- Take the row for your pace in the first two tables and the column for how much you pedal.
- Price the climbs: each 1,000 feet at 10 mph takes 184 to 221 Wh on the throttle on a 4 to 8% grade, or 167 to 221 Wh with easy pedaling on 4 to 10% (the hills table).
- Correct the figure for your load and the temperature, and plan to use 85% of the pack.
Each row is one steady ride, built from Addmotor's figures, a comparable motor's published data, drum measurements of ten fat tires and a cycling-power model validated on an open road; the formula subsection works one ride through.
How many miles does each speed give, and how much do your legs add?
On the throttle, each step up in speed costs miles: 77 at 8 mph, 63 at 12 and 38 at 20. Air resistance rises with the square of speed, so a mile at 20 mph draws 25.3 Wh from the pack against 13.7 Wh at 10.
| Speed, flat | Per mile | Full charge | With 15% kept |
|---|---|---|---|
| 8 mph | 12.5 Wh | 77 mi | 66 mi |
| 10 mph | 13.7 Wh | 70 mi | 60 mi |
| 12 mph | 15.3 Wh | 63 mi | 53 mi |
| 15 mph | 18.4 Wh | 52 mi | 44 mi |
| 18 mph | 22.3 Wh | 43 mi | 37 mi |
| 20 mph | 25.3 Wh | 38 mi | 32 mi |
180 lb on the trike, throttle only, level pavement, 77 °F air. The last column leaves 15% in the pack, the high end of Addmotor's advice to recharge at "10%-15%".
Your legs stretch every row. The model counts 75 W as easy pedaling and 150 W as steady; with the motor off, those efforts would move a 180 lb rider on this 148 lb trike at about 8.1 and 12.3 mph on level ground, which tells you which column you can hold.
| Speed, flat | Throttle only | Easy pedaling (75 W) | Steady pedaling (150 W) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 mph | 63 mi | 119 mi | legs alone |
| 15 mph | 52 mi | 77 mi | 138 mi |
| 18 mph | 43 mi | 56 mi | 77 mi |
| 20 mph | 38 mi | 46 mi | 59 mi |
Miles from one full pack, 180 lb on board, level pavement. "Legs alone" marks a pace your 150 W holds with the motor idle. In the 138-mile cell your legs supply most of the power, so it rests on the motor's light-load losses, the least-checked part of the model (Limitations item 5).
Choose your pace, then your effort; the assist level only decides how you and the motor split the work.
Does shifting gears save battery?
Only through what your legs put in. The motor drives the rear axle and your chain drives it by a separate path, so at a given speed and grade the pack spends less only when you push harder:
| Your ride | Throttle only | Easy pedaling (75 W) | Steady pedaling (150 W) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12 mph, flat | 15.3 Wh | 8.1 Wh | 0.0 Wh |
| 15 mph, flat | 18.4 Wh | 12.5 Wh | 7.0 Wh |
| 12 mph, 4% grade | 53.1 Wh | 43.2 Wh | 33.9 Wh |
| 12 mph, 8% grade | — | 91.4 Wh | 78.5 Wh |
Watt-hours from the pack per mile, 180 lb aboard, 77 °F air. A dash means the model's motor alone cannot hold that pace on that grade: on the throttle, 12 mph up 8% is past it, and the climbing table below gives the 11.8 mph it holds.
Pick the gear that keeps your cadence easy to sustain; a gear you can turn lets your legs take load off the pack, and on the flat at 12 mph a steady 150 W leaves the motor nothing to do.
What does a climb cost the pack?
At 10 mph, each 1,000 feet of climbing costs the pack 184 to 221 Wh more than the same miles on the flat, on the throttle up 4 to 8% grades. Lifting 328 lb, the 180 lb rider and the 148 lb trike, through 1,000 feet takes 124 Wh at the wheels, 56 to 67% of that figure; heat in the motor and pack takes the rest.
| Grade | Per mile, throttle | Full charge, throttle | Full charge, easy pedaling |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2% | 31 Wh | 31 mi | 46 mi |
| 4% | 53 Wh | 18 mi | 24 mi |
| 6% | 77 Wh | 12 mi | 15 mi |
| 8% | 107 Wh | 9 mi | 11 mi |
10 mph and 180 lb on the trike in each row, with 75 W of easy pedaling in the right-hand column. No energy is credited for the ride back down, so each row is what the climb alone costs. At 10% the throttle alone falls just short of 10 mph in the model, at 9.98 mph, which the climbing table rounds to 10.0; with easy pedaling it holds 10 mph, at about 8 miles to the charge.
On a grade, extra weight shows up first as a slower pace. On each grade the motor's torque sets a ceiling on steady speed, and loading Addmotor's full 380 lb brings the ceiling down:
| Grade | 180 lb | 380 lb | 380 lb, easy pedaling |
|---|---|---|---|
| 4% | 17.4 mph | 12.8 mph | 13.8 mph |
| 6% | 14.2 mph | 9.7 mph | 10.6 mph |
| 8% | 11.8 mph | 7.7 mph | 8.5 mph |
| 10% | 10.0 mph | 6.4 mph | 7.0 mph |
| 12% | 8.6 mph | past the model's motor | 6.0 mph |
The fastest pace the model's motor can sustain on each grade with 180 lb or the full 380 lb payload aboard, throttle only unless the column header says otherwise. Steady climbing with no run-up, and torque held to the 90 N·m in Addmotor's feature copy.
At 12% with the full 380 lb, the throttle alone stalls in the model; with easy pedaling it climbs at about 6 mph, so shift low early and let your legs share the steepest pitches.
Price a hilly day as level miles plus the climbing. Twenty miles at 12 mph on level ground take about 306 Wh on the throttle, and 1,000 feet of climbing at 8% adds about 221 Wh: the day comes to 527 Wh, 65% of the 816 Wh in 85% of the pack.
Does rider weight affect the Freetan's range?
A little on the flat and a lot on a climb. Weight adds to tire drag and to the pull of the grade but not to air resistance, so the gap between a light load and a heavy one widens as the road steepens.
| You plus your load | 12 mph flat, throttle | 15 mph flat, throttle | 8% climb, 10 mph |
|---|---|---|---|
| 100 lb | 72 mi | 59 mi | 13 mi |
| 130 lb | 68 mi | 56 mi | 11 mi |
| 180 lb | 63 mi | 52 mi | 9 mi |
| 220 lb | 59 mi | 49 mi | 8 mi |
| 260 lb | 55 mi | 47 mi | past the model's motor |
| 280 lb | 54 mi | 46 mi | past the model's motor |
| 380 lb | 47 mi | 41 mi | past the model's motor |
The first column is you plus all you carry; the model adds the trike's 148 lb on top, and every cell is throttle only. The 280 lb row is Addmotor's rider limit and the 380 lb row its full payload; up 8% at 10 mph, 260 lb or more asks the model's motor for more than it holds, so pedal or ease off to the speeds in the climbing table.
Going from 180 lb to the full 380 lb takes the 12 mph throttle ride from 63 miles down to 47, a drop of about a quarter, and the 15 mph ride from 52 to 41. Addmotor splits its payload as "280+100 LBS", the rider on the seat and cargo in the basket, so plan with your own weight inside the first figure.
How much range does cold weather take away?
About a fifth at freezing. The 12 mph throttle ride that gives 63 miles at 77 °F gives about 49 at 32 °F and about 45 at 14 °F.
| Air | Pack energy vs 77 °F | 12 mph flat, throttle |
|---|---|---|
| 95 °F | 99% | 66 mi |
| 77 °F | 100% | 63 mi |
| 68 °F | 98% | 59 mi |
| 50 °F | 93% | 53 mi |
| 41 °F | 91% | 51 mi |
| 32 °F | 89% (80–93) | 49 mi (44–52) |
| 14 °F | 82% (40–83) | 45 mi (22–45) |
The pack is taken to be at the air's temperature, with 180 lb aboard on level ground. Each middle figure is the energy McMaster University measured from an LG HG2 cell at a 0.5C discharge at 77, 50, 32 and 14 °F, interpolated for the rows in between; because Addmotor names Samsung cells, the brackets come from Samsung's data sheets.
Each bracket's low end is the lowest capacity any Samsung sheet prints for that temperature at one to four times capacity per hour (25R and 30Q at 32 °F, 35E at 14 °F); its high end is the highest energy Casado and colleagues measured in 2025, at a gentler rate.
The cold works three ways at once. At 32 °F the cells give back about 89% of their 77 °F energy, 80 to 93% depending on the source, and by the gas law of the U.S. Standard Atmosphere the air is about 9% denser.
Third, the rubber stiffens: the model adds 0.5% to rolling resistance for each °F below 77 °F (0.9% per °C), a slope lying between Rothhämel's fit for a 42 mm tire and Bicycle Rolling Resistance's road-tire average, and stops adding below 41 °F.
Charge the pack indoors in winter. In its cold-weather post, Addmotor writes: "Always charge your battery indoors at room temperature because cold weather can harm the battery cell if you charge it at lower temperatures."
Do the tires or the riding position change the range?
On level ground the tire matters most. On a drum at 12 psi, 18 mph and a 94 lb load, ten 26 × 4.00 fat tires measured by Bicycle Rolling Resistance took 23.2 to 42.1 W to roll. None of them is a 20-inch tire like the Freetan's, so the model uses their median coefficient, 0.0105, with the lowest and highest as the bracket.
| Rolling resistance | 12 mph flat, throttle | 15 mph flat, throttle |
|---|---|---|
| 0.0070 · the lowest of ten fat tires | 77 mi | 62 mi |
| 0.0105 · the median of ten fat tires (used) | 63 mi | 52 mi |
| 0.0126 · the highest of ten fat tires | 56 mi | 48 mi |
Miles to empty, 180 lb aboard on level ground. The low coefficient, 0.0070, matches the field average Tengattini and Bigazzi measured on slick tires, also 0.0070; the high one is Kenda's Juggernaut Pro, printed on its own page as 0.01262.
Each coefficient was measured at a set pressure, so keep yours at the figure printed on the sidewall. For the air, the model uses the drag area Tengattini and Bigazzi measured on 37 upright cruiser riders, 0.640 m²; no measurement for a semi-recumbent rider was found (Limitations item 6), and their 0.603 m² for 90 mountain-bike riders would lift the 12 mph throttle ride from 63 miles to 64.
Addmotor's 85 miles, as a steady ride
Addmotor prints one range, and in the model it reads as an unhurried pace with some pedaling. The Technical tab says "85 Miles (PAS1)", and the product FAQ "Up to 85+ miles on PAS 1".
| Addmotor's figure | Throttle only | Easy pedaling (75 W) | Steady pedaling (150 W) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 85 mi on PAS1 | never quite: 84.7 mi at 4.3 mph | 14.2 mph | 17.4 mph |
The steady pace on level ground that uses all 960 Wh over 85 miles in the model, 180 lb aboard. On the throttle alone the farthest any steady pace goes is 84.7 miles, at about 4.3 mph.
Read that way, Addmotor's 85 miles is a 14 mph ride with 75 W from your legs, or 17 mph with 150 W; on the throttle alone, no steady pace reaches it.
Plan on 85% of your row. Addmotor's advice to recharge "when it has a 10%-15% charge left" leaves 60 of the 70 miles at 10 mph on the throttle.
For the longest pack life, stay between 20% and 80%. In its maintenance guide, Addmotor advises "keep your battery charge between 20% and 80% for the best lifespan", which leaves 576 Wh to ride on, 60% of the pack:
| Speed, flat | 20–80% band, throttle | 20–80% band, easy pedaling |
|---|---|---|
| 8 mph | 46 mi | legs alone |
| 10 mph | 42 mi | 113 mi |
| 12 mph | 38 mi | 71 mi |
| 15 mph | 31 mi | 46 mi |
| 18 mph | 26 mi | 33 mi |
| 20 mph | 23 mi | 28 mi |
Miles within the band, 180 lb aboard, level ground. The 8 mph easy-pedaling cell reads "legs alone" because 75 W of pedaling by itself already carries this rider at about 8.1 mph.
Start from your row, hold 15% in reserve, then add each climb. At 10 mph on the throttle, each 1,000 feet climbed costs 184 to 221 Wh on 4 to 8% grades. With that reserve, a 180 lb rider on the throttle on level ground plans on 60 miles at 10 mph or 44 at 15.
On the throttle, a day of 20 miles at 12 mph with 1,000 feet of climbing at 8% uses about 527 Wh, 65% of the 85% of the pack you plan to use. Send support@redtailebikes.com your distance, your climbs, your load and your usual pace, and we will run your ride through the model before you order. Green is on this button; Orange and the other three colors are the same price.
Green Freetan, $3,199The formula behind the range tables
Holding a steady speed takes a steady flow of power at the rear wheels, which the model Martin and colleagues validated on an open road in 1998 gives for constant speed in still air:
P = v × [ m × g × (Crr × cos θ + sin θ) + ½ × ρ × CdA × v² ]
P is the power at the wheels and v the road speed; m is the mass of trike, rider and load, g is gravity and θ the angle of the slope; Crr is the tires' rolling resistance, ρ the air's density and CdA the rider's drag area. The square brackets hold two terms, tires and slope first and the air second. Three steps lead back from the wheels to the pack:
- Your pedaling goes through the chain at the 97.7% efficiency Martin and colleagues measured; the motor covers whatever power the ride needs beyond it.
- The motor is modeled on the published curve of a comparable unit, Bafang's RM G0H0, whose 2021 OEM workbook lists 510 rpm unloaded, 426 rpm at rated load on 48 V, and an efficiency of "≥ 80" percent. Held at the Freetan's 48 V and 750 W, the curve gets an unloaded speed of 21.9 mph, chosen so that 180 lb on the throttle on the flat just reaches Addmotor's 20 mph.
- The pack gives up some energy as heat while it discharges; the model uses the loss rate Arango, Lopez and Ceren measured on a 48 V pack.
Watts from the pack divided by the speed in mph give the watt-hours per mile, and miles = 960 Wh × the share of the pack's energy usable at that temperature ÷ watt-hours per mile.
| Input | Value used | Where it comes from |
|---|---|---|
| Trike | 148 lb, with the battery | Addmotor's Technical tab |
| Rider and load | 180 lb; the weight table also runs 100, 130, 220, 260, 280 and 380 | 280 lb rider and 380 lb in all: "280+100 LBS" on Addmotor's Technical tab |
| Battery | 48 V × 20 Ah = 960 Wh | Addmotor's Technical tab |
| Motor | 750 W at its rated speed, 21.9 mph unloaded, 80% at the rated point, torque capped at 90 N·m | Bafang OEM workbook 2021, RM G0H0; Addmotor's 750 W, 20 mph and 90 N·m |
| Wheel | 24.0 in (609 mm) across, the 20 × 4.0 tire's nominal diameter | Addmotor's tire size; the 406 mm bead seat of a 20-inch decimal tire in Sheldon Brown's ISO size chart, plus twice the 4.0-inch tire |
| Rolling resistance | 0.0105, the median of ten 26 × 4.00 fat tires at 12 psi | Bicycle Rolling Resistance |
| Drag area | 0.640 m², 37 upright cruiser riders | Tengattini and Bigazzi, 2018 |
| Chain | 97.7%, your pedaling only | Martin et al., 1998 |
| Battery losses | 3.0% at 12 mph, more at climbing currents | Arango, Lopez and Ceren, 2021 |
| Air | 77 °F at sea-level pressure, 1.184 kg/m³ | U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 |
| Cold | the share of a cell's energy left at each temperature | McMaster University's LG HG2 cell data |
Worked through for one ride, from the tires back to the cells: 12 mph on the throttle, 180 lb aboard, level pavement. Rider and trike come to 148.8 kg, and holding 12 mph takes 141.0 W at the wheels: 82.5 W against rolling resistance and 58.5 W against the air.
At that pace the 20 × 4.0 rear tires, 24 inches tall, turn at 168 rpm. Fitted to Bafang's published figures, the motor model carries 1.50 N·m of torque per amp, a 0.405 Ω winding and a 0.83 A no-load current, and this ride asks it for 8.0 N·m on 6.2 A at 79% efficiency, under its rated 80% because the load is light.
Add the pack's own losses and the cells supply 183.8 W, or 15.31 Wh for each mile at 12 mph; 960 ÷ 15.31 gives about 62.7 miles, and 53.3 with 15% kept back.
Before any table was printed, the model had to reproduce two published results:
| Check | Published figure | This model |
|---|---|---|
| Road physics, Martin and colleagues' worked example | 45.7 W for tires and grade, 158.8 W for the air | 45.7 W and 158.8 W |
| The comparable motor at Bafang's rated point | at least 80% efficient | 80% |
Row one is Martin and colleagues' Appendix I (8.36 m/s, a 90 kg system, a 0.3% grade); row two is the RM G0H0's rated point in Bafang's workbook. A motor at 82%, 2 points above Bafang's floor, would stretch the 12 mph throttle ride from 63 miles to 68 (Limitations item 4).
The model could not be checked against a ride of this trike: no published Freetan ride reports its distance alongside the rider's weight and speed.
Addmotor's 29 questions on its Freetan board, its posts that print Freetan figures, the Reddit threads that name the trike and the captions of the YouTube videos that name it were read on October 11, 2026; none records a ride with its distance, and Addmotor's range figure states no speed or rider weight.
Carrying: 280 lb on the seat, 100 in the basket
Addmotor splits the 380 lb: "280+100 LBS" on its Technical tab, which its product FAQ spells out as "up to 280 lbs for the rider plus 100 lbs in the rear basket". Its answer of April 25, 2026 says the same: "up to 280 lbs for the rider plus 100 lbs for groceries".
The rear basket comes in the box. The product FAQ lists "the trike, heavy-duty rear cargo basket, 48V 20Ah Samsung battery, and 2.0A charger", and Addmotor answered on April 23, 2026 that "a rear cargo basket is included as a standard feature". Its rack measures 21.6 by 13.9 by 9.8 inches on the Size & Fit tab.
A trailer carries more. Asked whether the Freetan can pull Addmotor's 2026 trailer, Addmotor answered on April 23, 2026: "Yes, you can attach the trailer to the M368X trike." Its buy box also offers a front basket; email us and we will quote either one with your order.
The weight table shows what each load does to the miles, and the 280 lb row is the heaviest rider Addmotor's split allows.
Brakes, steering and the 2-meter turn
A mechanical disc on each wheel, 180 mm rotors all round, and a parking brake. The Performance tab lists "Mechanical Disc Brakes On Each Wheel" with "180mm Front / 2*180mm Rear Rotors on 3 Wheels", and Addmotor answered on April 23, 2026 that the trike "features mechanical disc brakes with a parking brake feature for safety when stopped".
Set the parking brake before you load the basket on a slope, or before you climb in and out.

The universal joint in the steering column, in Addmotor's close-up.
The steering runs through a universal joint, and Addmotor gives a 2-meter turning radius. Addmotor's post of July 21, 2026 credits the steering and the rear differential with "a minimal turning radius of approximately 2 meters", about 6.6 feet. Its post of July 15, 2026 explains the differential: it "allows the two rear wheels to rotate at different speeds during turns".
Slow down before every turn. The same July 15 post gives the rule for any trike: "As with any electric trike, riders should reduce speed before turns and avoid abrupt steering inputs."
There is no reverse gear: asked, Addmotor answered on March 21, 2026 that "our E-trikes currently do not have a reverse gear".
The lights run off the main pack, with turn signals. The Performance tab lists a headlight and a taillight "Powered By Main Battery", the taillight "with Brake Light Function", and Addmotor answered on April 24, 2026 that the trike carries "the EB 2.0 5-in-1 lighting system, including turn signals, flashing lights, hazard lights".
Suspension at both ends, on 20 × 4.0 tires
Sprung at both ends: a fork at the front and a shock at the back. The Performance tab lists "Oil Spring Front Suspension with 80mm of Travel & Rear Shock Absorber", the fork itself an "ADDSHOX 20" Oil Spring Suspension Fork"; in Addmotor's images the rear shock's coil sits under the seat.
All three tires are 20 × 4.0 inches. Addmotor's product FAQ says the trike "grips sand, gravel, grass, and pavement easily" and that "The dual suspension keeps the ride stable and comfortable on mixed surfaces"; its answer of April 24, 2026 names the same "20 × 4.0" fat tires, a dual suspension and a differential.
The rider who asked on Reddit in September 2026 whether the Freetan is "as smooth as it looks" rides 2.5 hours at 10 mph and wants 3 to 4. The suspension is Addmotor's answer to the smooth part; at 10 mph on the throttle on level pavement, the range tables give a 180 lb rider about 70 miles, or 7 hours.
148 pounds and 83.5 inches: storing and moving it
The trike weighs 148 lb with its battery: "148 LBS" on the Technical tab, and "approximately 148 lbs (67kg)" in Addmotor's answer of April 25, 2026. Overall, the trike measures 83.5 inches long by 31.9 inches wide.
Before it ships, measure the door it has to pass and the spot where it will park. A door under 31.9 inches turns it back, and Addmotor prints no folded size; at 148 lb, a ground-level path from the curb counts for more than the stairs.
For the car, the stem drops. Asked whether it fits an SUV, Addmotor's staff answered on March 21, 2026 that with the handlebar in its lowest position the trike stands "approximately 40.35 inches" tall. Measure the cargo space against all three figures, 83.5 inches long, 31.9 wide and about 40.35 tall; a hitch carrier must be rated for 148 lb and 31.9 inches of width.
Plan a garage bay or a ground-floor spot. At 148 lb with its pack, 83.5 inches long and 31.9 wide, the Freetan lives where it rolls in on its own wheels, and with the bar down it stands about 40.35 inches tall for a van.
The Mercer fit test
Every review we publish puts the same seven people, the Mercers, against its machine, so fit answers line up from page to page. Each verdict here rests on Addmotor's published window, standover or payload, or on the fit tables built on them.
| Member | Age · Height | Verdict | The number behind it |
|---|---|---|---|
| Frank Kowalski | 63 · 5'10" | Inside the window | The formula wants 36.8 in from the seat to the pedal for the median rider his height |
| Ruth Kowalski | 61 · 5'5" | Inside, with the low step | 95 of 100 riders her height clear the 11.4-inch standover by 18.3 in or more |
| Jack Mercer | 48 · 6'1" | Inside the window | The formula wants 38.8 in; Addmotor's June 8, 2026 post runs to 6'4" |
| Dana Mercer | 45 · 5'7" | Inside the window | The formula wants 35.1 in from the seat to the pedal |
| Maya Torres | 32 · 5'6" | Inside the window | The formula wants 34.5 in, and she clears the standover by 18.8 in or more |
| Cole Mercer | 16 · 5'11" | Set by his state | His state's age rule for e-bikes decides whether a 16-year-old may ride it; at 5'11" he fits the window |
| Ivy Mercer | 12 · — | Not as a passenger; as a rider, her state decides | One seat; her state's age rule decides whether a 12-year-old may operate an e-bike |
Frank, Ruth, Jack, Dana, Maya and Cole all fall inside the 5'1" to 6'7" window. The trike is the household's to share: one frame, a seat that slides between riders, and a bar whose angle adjusts to each.
Has it been recalled?
No. On October 11, 2026, none of the 10,047 recalls on the Consumer Product Safety Commission's full recall list, June 8, 1973 to October 8, 2026, named Addmotor, the Freetan, its M-368X code or its SKUs EB368X74, EB368X75, EB368X77, EB368X78 and EB368X79.
The search read every field of every record for Addmotor, ADDMOTOR, Add Motor, Addmotor Tech, Motan and Addrider, for 19 of Addmotor's model families, the Freetan's included, and for each Addmotor model code. Only "M300" turned up, in two records, and neither is a vehicle: Sony's 2006 recall of notebook batteries names the Toshiba Portege M300 laptop, and Compaq's 2001 recall of notebook AC adapters names its Armada M300.
To show it finds recalls that exist, the search was also run on three makers that have them, and it returned 1 record for Ancheer, 79 for Specialized and 40 for Trek. Warnings sit on a separate CPSC list, the product safety warning listing; none of its 375 entries names Addmotor or the Freetan, and run for a brand with two published warnings, the same read found both.
Class and road rules for a 750 W, 20 mph three-wheeler
Your state's definition settles the question before the trike's specification does. Addmotor's page lists 750 W, a throttle and 20 mph, and those two numbers are where the federal definition draws its lines.
15 U.S.C. § 2085(b) defines a low-speed electric bicycle as "a two- or three-wheeled vehicle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of less than 750 watts (1 h.p.)", whose top speed on the motor alone, with a 170-pound rider on paved level ground, is "less than 20 mph".
| The federal definition asks for | The Freetan, in Addmotor's figures |
|---|---|
| Two or three wheels | three |
| Fully operable pedals | pedals, a chain and a Shimano 7-speed |
| A motor of less than 750 watts | "750W Rear-Drive Motor, Peak 1400W" |
| Less than 20 mph on motor power, 170 lb rider | "Up to 20 MPH" |
The statute's words from § 2085(b) and the trike's from Addmotor's Freetan page, both read October 11, 2026.
Both of Addmotor's figures sit on the federal lines, which the statute writes as "less than". The speed line is measured on motor power alone with a 170-pound rider, which a maker's published top speed does not report.
California's line includes the cap. Its Vehicle Code § 312.5(a), read September 28, 2026, gives an electric bicycle "an electric motor that does not exceed 750 watts of power", and § 231 allows a bicycle "one or more wheels" and adds "An electric bicycle is a bicycle."
Across the 50 states and DC, the wording decides. We screened every definition on October 11, 2026 for its watt wording, throttle rule, top speed and wheel count, and Pennsylvania's for its weight limit: Addmotor's figures fall inside 25 jurisdictions' e-bike definitions and outside 23, Connecticut's leaves a three-wheeler open, and Alaska and Kentucky have no e-bike definition.
| Addmotor's figures fall… | Jurisdictions |
|---|---|
| Inside the e-bike definition (25) | CA, CO, DC, DE, GA, HI, IA, IN, MA, MD, MI, MN, NC, ND, NE, NM, NV, OK, OR, SC, SD, UT, VA, WA, WI |
| Outside it (23) | AL, AR, AZ, FL, ID, IL, KS, LA, ME, MO, MS, MT, NH, NJ, NY, OH, PA, RI, TN, TX, VT, WV, WY |
| Open for a three-wheeler (1) | CT |
| No e-bike definition (2) | AK, KY |
From the definitions in our state law atlas, screened October 11, 2026. Nineteen of the 23 outside set the motor limit at "less than" or "fewer than" 750 watts, a line a 750 W motor misses; New Jersey allows assistance only while you pedal and names two wheels; Montana and Rhode Island name two wheels only; and Pennsylvania covers "A vehicle weighing not more than 100 pounds".
Pennsylvania turns on weight. 75 Pa.C.S. § 102 defines a pedalcycle with electric assist as "A vehicle weighing not more than 100 pounds with two or three wheels more than 11 inches in diameter", and Addmotor lists the Freetan at 148 lb with its battery, above that line; Pennsylvania riders should email us before ordering.
Connecticut's line moved on October 1, 2026, when Public Act 26-24 § 26 set the motor at "not more than seven hundred fifty watts", while § 14-1 defines no "bicycle", so its wheel count stays unsettled; for Connecticut, email us and we will confirm how a three-wheeler is treated.
North Carolina's definition becomes three classes on December 1, 2026, and the Freetan stays inside on both sides of that date: Session Law 2026-46 keeps a bicycle "with two or three wheels" and "an electric motor of no more than 750" watts.
Outside a state's e-bike definition, a trike is still under its road code, in a moped class or another class with its own requirements. Each state's answer is in our 50-state e-bike law atlas, and the deepest single-state treatment is our California e-bike law page.
Look up your state's row, and read that state's page before you ride. Addmotor's figures sit inside the e-bike definition in 25 jurisdictions; if yours is elsewhere, send us its name and the reply will carry its rule.
Trails, beaches and public land
Off the road, whoever manages the ground decides where the Freetan may go. Addmotor's FAQ says it grips sand and grass, but a beach, a boardwalk or a park path is open to it only where that place's own rule allows an e-bike.
Federal land splits two ways: the Bureau of Land Management has its own e-bike definition, and the Forest Service settles e-bike access one district at a time. 43 CFR 8340.0-5 gives BLM's as "a two- or three-wheeled cycle with fully operable pedals and an electric motor of not more than 750 watts (1 h.p.)", which takes in the Freetan's published 750 W.
Even where a field office has chosen to treat e-bikes as bicycles, the off-road vehicle rules lift only while, in the regulation's words, "the motor is not exclusively propelling the e-bike for an extended period of time".
So on BLM ground, keep pedaling: a long ride on the half-twist throttle alone is what that condition excludes. With your feet still, the motor alone drives the trike; once the exception stops applying, 43 CFR 8341.1 keeps an off-road vehicle to land designated "open to off-road vehicle use".
The Forest Service directives of March 31, 2022 govern National Forests: the notice at 87 FR 41278 records them as "managing all classes of e-bikes as motor vehicles". A Ranger District with a motor vehicle use map then applies 36 CFR 261.13, which forbids riding "other than in accordance with those designations".
| Where you plan to ride | Who decides | What to read |
|---|---|---|
| A beach or boardwalk | the city, county or state park | its posted e-bike rule |
| A city or county park path | the park agency | its posted e-bike rule |
| Private land | the owner | the owner's permission |
| A National Forest road or trail | the Ranger District | its motor vehicle use map (36 CFR 261.13) |
| BLM land | the field office | its e-bike decision and its open, limited and closed designations (43 CFR 8341.1) |
The document in the last column is the one that decides.
Under 43 CFR 8340.0-7, a breach of BLM's off-road vehicle rules in subparts 8341 and 8343 can cost "a fine of not more than $1,000", imprisonment "for not longer than 12 months", or both. Each agency's version is set out in our public-land e-bike guide.
Tell us the beach, park or field office on your list, and we will reply with its rule in its own words. Write to support@redtailebikes.com before you order. This button orders Mint Green at $3,199; Gulf Blue is the same price.
Get the Mint Green FreetanGreen flags / Red flags
Green flags
- Suspension at both ends: an 80 mm fork and a rear shock, on 20 × 4.0 tires all round.
- A seat that reclines to 170° and slides, from upright at 90°, with a backrest, over an 11.4-inch step that every surveyed rider from 5'1" to 6'4" clears barefoot.
- Sized 5'1" to 6'7" in Addmotor's table, so one trike can move between riders in a household.
- A 960 Wh Samsung pack that carries a 180 lb rider about 70 miles at 10 mph on level pavement on the throttle, and about 189 with easy pedaling.
- A torque sensor, a half-twist throttle and a 1,400 W peak, with 90 N·m in Addmotor's feature copy.
- A differential, a parking brake and a disc on each wheel, with turn signals in Addmotor's lighting answer.
- A rear basket in the box, rated for 100 lb of the 380.
- $3,199 against the $3,599 regular price, with Shop Pay plans from $288.74 a month.
Red flags
Each item below is about fit: the rider the Freetan does not suit, and where that rider goes next.
- Wrong if the budget stops at $2,500 and a 26.7-inch step is no trouble. The Arisetan II M-360 is the same layout with a front fork only, $2,499 on our store.
- Wrong if you want an upright seat with the same full suspension. The Grandtan X lists the same 80 mm fork and rear shock under a saddle with a backrest, $2,799.
- Wrong if you are shorter than 5'1". The SpytanX is sized from 4'9" in Addmotor's table, $2,299.
- Wrong if you carry more than 280 lb on the seat. The Grandtan M-340 splits its payload as "350+100 LBS", from $2,199.
- Wrong if two adults want to ride at once. The Soletri II seats two on a banana bench, at $2,699, and the M-380 tandem puts two riders in line, from $3,899.
- Wrong if it must fold into a car. The Citytri E-310 folds to 45.3 by 33.9 by 28.7 inches at 88 lb, from $1,599.
- Wrong if you climb long grades past 8% and want the motor to hold 10 mph. Our Grandtan Turbo review runs the numbers on Addmotor's "Bafang 1000W Mid-Drive", $3,299.
- Wrong if your door is under 31.9 inches and there is no ground-floor spot. Send us the width and we will find a trike we sell that passes through it.
Buy it if / Buy something else if
Buy it if you stand 5'1" to 6'7", want to sit back in a seat with a backrest rather than perch on a saddle, need a step low enough to sit straight down onto, and want suspension at both ends for rough paths, with about 70 miles at 10 mph on the throttle on level ground for a 180 lb rider.
It asks for a rider at 280 lb or less with up to 100 lb in the basket, a state whose words take in a 750 W, 20 mph trike, a door of 31.9 inches or a ground-level home for its 148 lb, and an indoor outlet for its 8-to-10-hour charge.
For $3,199, $400 under the $3,599 regular price, you get a 750 W rear-drive motor with a 1,400 W peak and 90 N·m, and a 960 Wh Samsung pack, a reclining, sliding seat, an 80 mm fork and a rear shock, a disc on each wheel, a differential, a parking brake and a basket.
On Shop Pay's 12-month sample plan our listing shows $288.74 a month at 15% APR, $3,464.88 in all.
Buy something else if $2,499 is the ceiling and you clear a 26.7-inch step, where the Arisetan II M-360 lists the same motor rating and pack; if you prefer to sit upright, where the Grandtan X has the same suspension at $2,799; or if two must ride, where the Soletri II is $2,699.
Our Addmotor brand profile lines the Freetan up with Addmotor's other trikes and bikes on our shelf, and our e-bike reviews hub collects every trike and e-bike we review.
Before you buy: the checklist
Ten checks before you spend $3,199; the first three decide whether, and where, you may ride it.
- Check the class table for your state's verdict, then its page in our law atlas for the full rules.
- Ask each beach, park or trail on your list for its rule; the manager of the ground decides.
- Take your height and inseam to the seat table and find your row.
- Weigh yourself: 280 lb or less on the seat, and up to 100 lb in the basket.
- Plan the cargo: the rear basket that ships with it, a front basket or a trailer we quote with your order.
- Check the door and the parking space against the trike's 31.9-inch width and 83.5-inch length.
- Plan the transport: a van or trailer for a trike that stands about 40.35 inches with the bar down, or a hitch carrier rated for 148 lb.
- Find your ride in the range tables, add the climbing, and hold back 15% of the pack.
- Choose where it charges: indoors, at 50 to 77 °F, with 8 to 10 hours to a full charge.
- Pick a first route with "no obstacles or tight turns", as Addmotor's post for new trike riders advises, and save traffic for later.
Buying it from us
Why buy the Freetan from Redtail
Our listing priced the Freetan at $3,199 in Gulf Blue, Blue, Green, Mint Green and Orange on October 11, 2026, with $3,599 shown as the regular price, the same $3,199 Addmotor's own store showed that day. From your order on, you deal with us.

Gulf Blue, in Addmotor's studio image; all five colors share this frame and pose.
| What you get | The detail |
|---|---|
| Price | $3,199 in any of the five colors, read October 11, 2026 |
| Shipping | Free within the contiguous United States: dispatched within 1–3 business days, and most arrive 5–10 business days after that. Alaska, Hawaii, US territories, P.O. boxes and remote areas: email us first. New York City addresses: email us first too, as our listing asks |
| Paying over time | Shop Pay's sample plans on our listing: $288.74 a month over 12 months at 15% APR, $3,464.88 in all, or $1,093.10 a month over 3 months, $3,279.30 in all. Rates range from 0 to 36% APR, subject to Shop Pay's eligibility check. Read October 11, 2026 |
| If something fails | Send photos and your order number. The claim comes to us, and we coordinate the repair or replacement. |
| If it arrives damaged | Note it with the carrier, email us photos within 48 hours, and we file the carrier claim and arrange a replacement or repair |
| Answers first | Send your height, inseam, load, route and state, and we will run the fit and range numbers and check the rules before you pay |
Pick a color; each has its own checkout link.
| Color | $3,199 |
|---|---|
| Gulf Blue | Buy the Gulf Blue Freetan |
| Blue | Buy the Blue Freetan |
| Green | Buy the Green Freetan |
| Mint Green | Buy the Mint Green Freetan |
| Orange | Buy the Orange Freetan |
One link per color, each going straight to checkout at our October 11, 2026 price. Blue rides on tan-wall tires and black rims; Gulf Blue and Mint Green on orange rims.

Mint Green, the color of Addmotor's size drawing and close-ups.
If you would rather have different tire or rim colors, ask before ordering: Addmotor told one buyer on May 30, 2026 that on the Blue it can "customize the tire and rim colors", and we will ask it in writing for your order.
If you change your mind, ask within 72 hours of delivery with the trike still sealed in its factory packaging, and our refund policy refunds it less a 15% restocking fee and return shipping; canceling an order carries a 3% transaction fee. Ask us the fit, load and route questions first.
This section's prices, plans and terms are our store's, as read on October 11, 2026. If anything fails, you deal with us and we deal with Addmotor; Blue and the other colors are $3,199 as well.
Check out in Gulf BlueFrequently asked questions
How far can the Addmotor Freetan M-368X go on one charge?
Addmotor's Technical tab gives "85 Miles (PAS1)". On the throttle over level pavement, the model gives a 180 lb rider about 70 miles at 10 mph and 38 at 20 mph, and about 47 at 12 mph with the full 380 lb aboard; each 1,000 feet of climbing at 10 mph takes another 184 to 221 Wh on the throttle (the range tables).
What is a semi-recumbent trike?
A trike you sit back in, on a seat with a backrest, with the pedals ahead of you rather than below. Addmotor calls the Freetan "a semi-recumbent electric trike"; its seat reclines from 90° to 170° and slides to fit the rider (what it is).
Are recumbent trikes good for seniors?
Addmotor builds its case on comfort: its product FAQ says the reclined seat and back support "reduce pressure on your lower back, hips, and wrists". What decides it for a rider is fit, the 11.4-inch step and the 5'1" to 6'7" window, which the fit section puts in numbers; the Mercers' 61- and 63-year-olds both fit (the Mercer fit test).
Does the Freetan have a differential?
Yes. The Performance tab answers "Yes" on its differential line, and asked about it, Addmotor answered on May 2, 2026: "It comes with a rear differential." Its July 15, 2026 post explains that it "allows the two rear wheels to rotate at different speeds during turns" (turning).
Do electric trikes tip over easily?
Ride it as Addmotor advises for every trike in its July 15, 2026 post: "reduce speed before turns and avoid abrupt steering inputs". For the Freetan it prints a 31.9-inch width and a rear differential, and the turning section sets out what it publishes.
Will the Freetan fit in an SUV?
With the handlebar at its lowest, Addmotor's staff put the trike at "approximately 40.35 inches" tall, on a footprint 83.5 inches long and 31.9 wide, and it prints no folded size. Measure your cargo opening against those three figures, or plan on a van, a trailer or a hitch carrier rated for 148 lb (storing and moving it).
Can a recumbent trike go uphill?
The Freetan's motor holds about 11.8 mph up an 8% grade with 180 lb aboard and 7.7 mph with the full 380 lb, in the model. At 10 mph on the throttle, every 1,000 feet of climbing on a 4 to 8% grade costs the pack 184 to 221 Wh (what a climb costs).
How hard is it to pedal without the battery being on?
Harder than a bicycle: the trike weighs 148 lb. In the model, a 180 lb rider's easy 75 W moves it at about 8.1 mph on level ground and a steady 150 W at about 12.3 mph. Addmotor's own answer, of August 11, 2026, is that "It really depends on the rider", and it points to the 7-speed cassette (speed and range).
What is the weight limit of the Freetan?
280 lb for the rider and 100 lb in the rear basket, "280+100 LBS" on Addmotor's Technical tab. At the full 380 lb on level pavement, the 12 mph throttle ride computes to about 47 miles (the weight table).
How much does the Addmotor Freetan weigh?
148 lb with the battery, "148 LBS" on the Technical tab and "approximately 148 lbs (67kg)" in Addmotor's answer of April 25, 2026. It is 83.5 inches long and 31.9 wide (storing and moving it).
Is the seat adjustable for different heights?
Yes: it slides forward and back and reclines from 90° to 170°. Addmotor answered on April 25, 2026 that the cushion "can be adjusted forward and backward to accommodate different rider heights". For a 5'8" rider with the median inseam for that height, 32.6 inches, the formula sets the seat 35.6 inches from the pedal; the seat table runs every height from 5'1" to 6'4".
How long does it take to fully charge the battery?
8 to 10 hours from low, in Addmotor's product FAQ and its answer of April 23, 2026, on the included 2 A charger; at that rate, 20 amp-hours is 10 hours from empty (the battery).
Does the Freetan have a reverse gear?
No. Addmotor answered on March 21, 2026 that "our E-trikes currently do not have a reverse gear" (turning).
Does the Freetan have turn signals?
Yes, in Addmotor's answer of April 24, 2026: "the EB 2.0 5-in-1 lighting system, including turn signals, flashing lights, hazard lights". The headlight and taillight run off the main pack (lights).
Can the Freetan pull a trailer?
Yes. Asked about Addmotor's 2026 trailer, Addmotor answered on April 23, 2026: "Yes, you can attach the trailer to the M368X trike." Email us and we will quote one with your order (carrying).
Is the Freetan street legal, and what class is it?
Your state's words decide. On October 11, 2026, Addmotor's 750 W and 20 mph sit inside the e-bike definitions of 25 jurisdictions, California's "does not exceed 750 watts" among them, and outside 23, Pennsylvania among them on weight (the class table). Email us your state and the reply will quote its rule.
Is the Addmotor Freetan M-368X worth it?
If you fit the 5'1" to 6'7" window and want a reclining seat with suspension at both ends, the case is $3,199 against the $3,599 regular price, about 70 miles at 10 mph on the throttle on level ground for a 180 lb rider, and $288.74 a month over 12 months on Shop Pay at 15% APR (the verdict).
Limitations of this review
Twenty-two points this review leaves open:
- This is our product. Weigh the red flags as heavily as the green.
- Every figure is specification-verified: it traces to Addmotor's published documents, a statute, our store record, a study cited in the range or fit sections, or arithmetic shown on this page.
- A range row is one steady ride at one speed on one grade, in still air with no stops; real starts, headwinds and grass all take more.
- The motor is a stand-in: a Bafang motor's published curve. Addmotor gives the rating, peak and torque of its own but no speeds; at 82% efficiency, above Bafang's 80% floor, the 12 mph throttle ride would reach 68 miles instead of the table's 63.
- Light motor loads are the model's least-checked ground. When your legs supply most of the power, as in the steady-pedaling column at 15 mph, the result depends on light-load motor losses between the rated and no-load points Bafang's workbook publishes.
- The drag area is an upright rider's. No measured drag area for a semi-recumbent rider was found, so the model takes 0.640 m² from 37 upright cruiser riders; with the mountain-bike riders' 0.603 m² instead, the 12 mph throttle ride would rise from 63 miles to 64.
- The unloaded motor speed is tuned to Addmotor's 20 mph, the top speed a 180 lb rider reaches on the throttle in the model; a faster real motor held back by a limiter would draw a little differently near 20 mph.
- There is no Freetan ride to check the model against. The sources searched for one are listed at the end of the formula section.
- The tables spend the full 960 Wh. Addmotor does not say how much of the pack its battery management lets you use; on one pedelec run through a standard bench range test, researchers at KIT measured 75% in use.
- The rolling-resistance figure comes from 26-inch fat tires, the median of ten at 12 psi, not from the Freetan's 20 × 4.0, and a smaller wheel moves it in a direction the drum did not measure; the tire table shows how far the answer moves.
- The cold table rests on a single laboratory cell. With no Samsung cell model named, the middle line uses McMaster University's measurements of an LG HG2, with Samsung's and other published data as the brackets.
- Nothing is measured on the size drawing. It is a three-quarter image, and scaled by any of its three long lines it matched at most two other printed dimensions within 3.5%, so the seat table stops at the formula's distance and a tape measure on the trike covers the rest.
- The cockpit lean and the hand load are left uncomputed. Addmotor publishes no seat angle, bracket height or grip position, so the cockpit and hand subsections give Addmotor's adjustment range; the hand figure cited comes from racers on a stretched back, a posture the backrest does not ask for.
- Treat each seat distance as where to start. The 109% rule is applied at your height's median inseam, and on the trike the heel check takes you the rest of the way toward a 25 to 35 degree knee range.
- The saddle formula comes from upright bicycles. Here it is applied along the line from the seat through the crank axle to the pedal at the far end of its stroke; no study of it on a semi-recumbent was found, so the heel check decides.
- The survey behind the fit tables measured soldiers. ANSUR II's 6,068 were 17 to 58 years old when measured, from 2010 to 2012, and are not a sample of the US public; choose your row by your own inseam.
- Addmotor prints two rider windows: 5'1" to 6'7" on its Size & Fit tab and its drawing, and 5'2" to 6'4" in its post of June 8, 2026. Both are printed; the survey has too few bodies above 6'4" to compute a row for the taller end.
- No rollover or cornering measurement of the Freetan was found. The turning section reports Addmotor's own figures and advice, a 2-meter turning radius and a differential, and nothing measured on the trike.
- Addmotor's documents describe the pack two ways: Samsung cells with no standard named on the Technical tab, and "UL-certified" in its post of July 27, 2026 and in the name of its spare. Both are printed; we will ask Addmotor for the document on request.
- The class table reads each state's definition as our law atlas records it, screened October 11, 2026; a state can change its words, as Connecticut did on October 1 and North Carolina will on December 1, and three-wheeler wording outside the definition section was not read for every state.
- The Mercer verdicts come from the formula and Addmotor's window, not from a fitting on the trike.
- Colors, prices and stock are as read on October 11, 2026, during a sale on Addmotor's own site; our prices follow Addmotor's when they change, and the Shop Pay terms follow the price.
The bottom line
At $3,199, the Freetan M-368X sets a 750 W rear-drive motor with a 1,400 W peak and a 960 Wh Samsung pack under a semi-recumbent seat that slides and reclines from 90° to 170°, with an 80 mm fork, a rear shock, an 11.4-inch step, a disc on each wheel, a differential, a parking brake and a rear basket.
The model puts a 180 lb rider on level pavement at about 70 miles at 10 mph on the throttle and 189 with easy pedaling, and the full 380 lb at about 47 at 12 mph; climbing costs 184 to 221 Wh per 1,000 feet at 10 mph on the throttle.
Its owner stands 5'1" to 6'7", wants to sit back with the pedals out front and roll over rough paths in comfort, rides where the state's words take in a 750 W, 20 mph three-wheeler, and has a ground-level home for 148 lb of trike. Paid monthly, it runs $288.74 for 12 months at 15% APR on Shop Pay's sample plan.
Get two answers from us before checkout: your seat distance from your inseam, and what your state calls a 750 W trike. Email us your height, your roads and your load, and the reply will carry both.
All five colors are $3,199: Orange on this button, Green and the rest beside it. Over 12 months on Shop Pay it is $288.74 a month at 15% APR; delivery inside the contiguous United States costs nothing, and if a carrier damages it, we file the claim.
Your Freetan, $3,199
Green, in Addmotor's studio image.
Image credit: every image below the cover is Addmotor's own, its size drawing and diagrams included, cropped and resized and never retouched.
On the cover, the trike is Addmotor's own studio image at one uniform scale, unchanged; the studio around it was generated with Nano Banana Pro on Playcut (playcut.ai), and the type is set over the studio.
Source register
What each document behind this review supports.
T1 is the record itself, read from whoever issued it: a statute, a federal regulation or notice, the maker's own product page, drawing, images, question board and posts, a federal agency's list, and our own store record.
T2 is a party's own publication about its product or its measurements: the motor maker's workbook and research groups' and laboratories' published measurements.
| Source | Tier | What it supports |
|---|---|---|
| Addmotor, Freetan product page, its specification tabs, stat strip, feature copy, buy box and product FAQ | T1 (manufacturer, primary) | Every specification row, the window and dimensions, the range figure, top speed, payload, the basket, the colors and stock |
| Addmotor's Freetan size drawing and its seat, stem, steering and drive images | T1 (manufacturer, primary) | The printed dimensions and the drawing's controls, the seat's recline and slide, the stem's range, the universal joint |
| Addmotor's Freetan question board | T1 (manufacturer, primary) | Addmotor's dated answers on the seat height, the lowest-bar height, the seat, the payload, the weight, the tires, the lights, the charger, the charging time, the basket, the brakes, the trailer, the differential, reverse, pedaling unpowered, the spare pack and the tire colors |
| Addmotor's posts: June 8, 2026 (balance issues), July 15, 2026 (seniors), July 21, 2026 (full suspension), July 27, 2026 (a dealer's view; the 88-year-old rider); battery health, battery maintenance, cold weather, new riders | T1 (manufacturer, primary) | The second rider window, the differential's purpose, cornering advice, the turning radius, the pack's certification wording, the rider story and pack care |
| Addmotor, Arisetan II M-360 product page and the pages of the trikes named in the red flags | T1 (manufacturer, primary) | The Arisetan II comparison and each red flag's figure, read October 11, 2026 |
| 15 U.S.C. § 2085 · Cal. Veh. Code § 312.5 · Cal. Veh. Code § 231 · 75 Pa.C.S. § 102 · Conn. Public Act 26-24 · N.C. Session Law 2026-46 | T1 (legislature, GPO) | The definitions and lines, quoted; Pennsylvania's weight limit; Connecticut's October 1 and North Carolina's December 1, 2026 changes |
| Our 50-state e-bike law atlas and the state definitions it records | T1 (statutes, as read into our atlas) | Each state's watt wording, throttle rule, speed, wheel count and Pennsylvania's weight limit, screened for the class table |
| 43 CFR 8340.0-5 · 43 CFR 8341.1 · 43 CFR 8340.0-7 · 36 CFR 261.13 · 87 FR 41278 | T1 (federal regulation and notice) | BLM and Forest Service rules for e-bikes and motorized vehicles, and the penalty |
| CPSC recall data · CPSC warning listing | T1 (federal agency) | The recall and warning reads and their controls |
| Redtail eBikes shipping policy, refund policy, our Freetan listing and the listings of the trikes named in the red flags | T1 (first party) | Price, colors, Shop Pay terms, shipping scope and times, the New York City note, the damage window, claim handling, change-of-mind terms, the other trikes' prices |
| Bafang workbook 2021 | T2 (motor maker, primary) | The comparable motor's speeds, rating, efficiency floor and torque |
| Martin et al., 1998 | T2 (own validation) | The cycling-power model, its worked example and chain efficiency |
| Bicycle Rolling Resistance (Kenda Juggernaut Pro, temperature test) · Rothhämel, 2023 | T2 (own published measurements) | Fat-tire rolling resistance and its change with temperature |
| Tengattini and Bigazzi, 2018 | T2 (own field measurements) | Drag areas, upright and mountain-bike; the slick-tire field average |
| Arango, Lopez and Ceren, 2021 · Schmitt, Decker and Doppelbauer, 2019 | T2 (own measurements) | Battery efficiency; usable pack energy on a measured pedelec |
| McMaster HG2 data; Samsung sheets (25R, 30Q, 35E); Casado et al., 2025 · U.S. Standard Atmosphere, 1976 | T2 / T1 | Cell energy by temperature and its brackets; air density |
| Sheldon Brown, tire sizing | T2 (reference table) | The 406 mm bead seat of a 20-inch decimal tire |
| US Army ANSUR II, 2012 | T1 (federal agency data) | The 6,068 bodies behind every fit figure |
| Peveler et al., 2005 · Peveler, Pounders and Bishop, 2007 · Ferrer-Roca et al., 2012 | T2 (peer-reviewed measurements) | The seat formula, its published range, the knee target and the heel method |
| Carahalios, 2015 · Slane et al., 2011 | T2 (own published measurements) | The measured load on the bars, and hand pressure with and without padded gloves |
Expiry conditions
Re-read this page if Addmotor changes the Freetan's price, specification, motor, battery, range figure, top speed, weight, payload, size drawing, seat, add-ons, colors, product FAQ or question-board answers; if Addmotor's sale ends and its prices move; or if the colors, prices, stock or Shop Pay terms change on our store.
Re-read it too if a state changes its e-bike definition, once North Carolina's December 1, 2026 change is read into our atlas, or if a recall is published naming Addmotor, the Freetan, the M-368X or any of its five SKUs. Verified October 11, 2026.
References
The full bibliographic record for each document cited above, with the date it was retrieved.
- Addmotor Tech, Freetan M-368X Full-Suspension Semi-Recumbent eTrike — product page (Size & Fit, Technical, Performance and Delivery tabs, stat strip, feature copy, buy box with its add-ons, product FAQ, colorway options, stock and prices, as served for the United States). Retrieved September 28, 2026; re-read October 11, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/products/freetan
- Addmotor Tech, Freetan size drawing (368x-size), on the product page. Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/u_file/2604/photo/368x-size_1775724539.png
- Addmotor Tech, Freetan question board, Addmotor's dated answers cited here: q2683 (March 17, 2026), q2703 and q2705 (March 21, 2026), q2749, q2751, q2752 and q2754 (April 23, 2026), q2763, q2764 and q2767 (April 24, 2026), q2769, q2770 and q2775 (April 25, 2026), q2712 (May 2, 2026), q2784 and q2817 (May 30, 2026), q2860 (August 11, 2026). Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/question_p507/
- Addmotor Tech, The Best Electric Tricycle If You Have Balance Issues (blog, June 8, 2026). Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/blog/best-electric-tricycle-if-you-have-balance-issues
- Addmotor Tech, Addmotor Freetan M-368X: A Semi-Recumbent Electric Trike Designed for Seniors (blog, July 15, 2026). Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/blog/freetan-m368x-electric-trike-for-seniors
- Addmotor Tech, Freetan M-368X Full-Suspension Recumbent Electric Trike for Seniors (blog, July 21, 2026). Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/blog/freetan-m-368x-full-suspension-recumbent-electric-trike-for-senior
- Addmotor Tech, A Dealer's View: Why the Addmotor M-368X Stands Alone (blog, July 27, 2026). Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/blog/a-dealers-view-why-addmotor-m-368x-stands-alone
- Addmotor Tech, The Story of Age 88 and Rolling Again with the Addmotor Freetan M-368X (blog, July 27, 2026). Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/blog/story-age-88-rolling-again-addmotor-freetan-m-368x
- Addmotor Tech, Arisetan II M-360 Semi-Recumbent eTrike — product page (tabs and price). Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/products/m-360
- Addmotor Tech, product pages of the Grandtan M-340, Grandtan X, Soletri II M-366X, Grandtan Turbo, SpytanX and Citytri E-310 (the figure each red flag prints). Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/products/grandtan · https://www.addmotor.com/products/grandtan-x · https://www.addmotor.com/products/soletri · https://www.addmotor.com/products/grandtan-turbo · https://www.addmotor.com/products/spytanx · https://www.addmotor.com/products/citytri
- Addmotor Tech, Tips for New Addmotor Electric Tricycle Riders (blog, January 29, 2023). Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/blog/tips-for-new-addmotor-electric-tricycle-riders
- Addmotor Tech, 7 Tips for Electric Bike Battery Health (blog). Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/blog/7-tips-for-electric-bike-battery-health
- Addmotor Tech, A Complete Guide to Ebike Battery Maintenance (blog, February 26, 2025). Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/blog/a-complete-guide-to-ebike-battery-maintenance
- Addmotor Tech, 4 Tips For Riding Electric Tricycle in Cold Weather (blog). Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.addmotor.com/blog/4-tips-for-riding-electric-tricycle-in-cold-weather
- Reddit, r/ebikes, "Anybody cruising the Addmotor Freetan M-368X? Is it as smooth as it looks?" (posted September 5, 2026; no replies on October 11, 2026). Retrieved October 11, 2026 through the Arctic Shift archive. https://www.reddit.com/r/ebikes/comments/1w8fghd/anybody_cruising_the_addmotor_freetan_m368x_is_it/
- US Government Publishing Office, 15 U.S.C. § 2085 — Low-speed electric bicycles, subsection (b). Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/USCODE-2024-title15/html/USCODE-2024-title15-chap47-sec2085.htm
- California Legislative Information, California Vehicle Code § 312.5, subdivision (a). Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=312.5.
- California Legislative Information, California Vehicle Code § 231. Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?lawCode=VEH§ionNum=231.
- Pennsylvania General Assembly, 75 Pa.C.S. § 102 — Definitions, "Pedalcycle with electric assist". Retrieved October 10, 2026. https://www.palegis.us/statutes/consolidated/view-statute?txtType=HTM&ttl=75&div=0&chapter=1§ion=102
- Connecticut General Assembly, Public Act 26-24, section 26 (C.G.S. § 14-1(31), effective October 1, 2026). Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.cga.ct.gov/2026/ACT/PA/PDF/2026PA-00024-R00SB-00413-PA.PDF
- Connecticut General Assembly, C.G.S. § 14-1 — Definitions. Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.cga.ct.gov/current/pub/chap_246.htm#sec_14-1
- North Carolina General Assembly, Session Law 2026-46, section 19 (G.S. 20-4.01(7a), effective December 1, 2026). Retrieved September 16, 2026. https://www.ncleg.gov/EnactedLegislation/SessionLaws/HTML/2025-2026/SL2026-46.html
- Bureau of Land Management, 43 CFR § 8340.0-5 — Definitions, paragraphs (a)(5) and (j) (85 FR 69223, Nov. 2, 2020). Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-43/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-H/part-8340/subpart-8340/section-8340.0-5
- Bureau of Land Management, 43 CFR § 8341.1 — Regulations governing use. Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-43/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-H/part-8340/subpart-8341/section-8341.1
- Bureau of Land Management, 43 CFR § 8340.0-7 — Penalties. Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-43/subtitle-B/chapter-II/subchapter-H/part-8340/subpart-8340/section-8340.0-7
- Forest Service, US Department of Agriculture, 36 CFR § 261.13 — Motor vehicle use. Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-36/chapter-II/subchapter-B/part-261/subpart-A/section-261.13
- US Forest Service, Directive Publication Notice, 87 FR 41278 (July 12, 2022), recording the final e-bike directives issued March 31, 2022. Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2022/07/12/2022-14777/directive-publication-notice
- US Consumer Product Safety Commission, Recall data, the full list of 10,047 recalls (June 8, 1973 to October 8, 2026), every field read for Addmotor, ADDMOTOR, Add Motor, Addmotor Tech, Motan and Addrider, 19 Addmotor model families including the Freetan, the model codes including M-368X, and the SKUs EB368X74, EB368X75, EB368X77, EB368X78 and EB368X79, with controls Ancheer / Specialized / Trek; and the Product safety warning listing (complete CSV, 375 entries). Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://www.saferproducts.gov/ · https://www.cpsc.gov/s3fs-public/recall-data/product_safety_warning_listing.csv
- Redtail eBikes, Shipping policy and Refund policy. Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://redtailebikes.com/policies/shipping-policy · https://redtailebikes.com/policies/refund-policy
- Redtail eBikes, Addmotor Freetan M-368X listing (prices, colors, orderability, Shop Pay plans, the New York City note, claim terms), and the listings of the Arisetan II M-360, Grandtan X, SpytanX, Grandtan M-340, Soletri II, M-380, Citytri E-310 and Grandtan Turbo. Retrieved October 11, 2026. https://redtailebikes.com/products/addmotor-freetan-m-368x-full-suspension-semi-recumbent-etrike
- BAFANG, Workbook OEM 2021, MOTORS table, RM G0H0 column: n0, nT, rated power, efficiency, maximum torque at 48 V. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://www.bafang-e.com/Uploaded/Labels/BAFANG%20Workbook%20OEM%202021.pdf
- Martin, J. C., Milliken, D. L., Cobb, J. E., McFadden, K. L. and Coggan, A. R., Validation of a Mathematical Model for Road Cycling Power, Journal of Applied Biomechanics 14(3):276–291 (1998), Eq. 14 and Appendix I; doi 10.1123/jab.14.3.276. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://collections.lib.utah.edu/dl_files/b4/8e/b48ef26086091662c561e673d7bd990d77868437.pdf
- Bierman, J., Fat Bike Tires Test Results, BicycleRollingResistance.com, rolling resistance at 12 psi, 28.8 km/h, 42.5 kg. Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://www.bicyclerollingresistance.com/fat-bike-reviews
- Bierman, J., Kenda Juggernaut Pro 2016, BicycleRollingResistance.com, rolling-resistance results. Retrieved September 25, 2026. https://www.bicyclerollingresistance.com/fat-bike-reviews/kenda-juggernaut-pro-2016
- Bierman, J., CRR at Different Temperatures: Examining Temperature Dependence of Rolling Resistance, BicycleRollingResistance.com. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://www.bicyclerollingresistance.com/specials/crr-temperature-test
- Rothhämel, M., On rolling resistance of bicycle tyres with ambient temperature in focus, International Journal of Vehicle Systems Modelling and Testing 17:67–80 (2023); doi 10.1504/IJVSMT.2023.132317. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://www.inderscience.com/filter.php?aid=132317
- Tengattini, S. and Bigazzi, A. Y., Physical characteristics and resistance parameters of typical urban cyclists, Journal of Sports Sciences 36(20):2383–2391 (2018), Table 4; doi 10.1080/02640414.2018.1458587. Retrieved September 23, 2026. https://civil-reactlab.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2022/11/Tengattini_2018_Physical-characteristics-and-resistance-parameters-of-typical-urban-cyclists.pdf
- Brown, S., Tire Sizing Systems, SheldonBrown.com, the ISO bead-seat diameters. Retrieved September 28, 2026. https://www.sheldonbrown.com/tire-sizing.html
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